电流密度对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜性能的影响

主要研究了电流密度对铝合金表面微弧氧化膜组织和性能的影响,使用扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦电子显微镜和X-射线衍射仪对不同电流密度下制备的微弧氧化膜的表面形貌和相组成进行了分析,同时测定了其表面显微硬度。结果表明,铝合金表面微弧氧化膜主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3组成,而且Ja高对陶瓷膜中α-Al2O3相的影响较γ-Al2O3大,Jκ/Ja对膜中γ-Al2O3相的影响较大,对微观结构有较大影响。高Ja制备的陶瓷膜主要组成相为α-Al2O3,低Ja为γ-Al2O3相,并确定了当Ja为6A/dm2,Jκ/Ja为0.8时陶瓷膜硬度最大可达1540HV。     

Analysis on film formation mechanism of scanning micro-arc oxidation on aluminum ahoy surface

以硅酸盐体系为电解液,利用扫描式微弧氧化(SMAO)方法在铝合金2024的表面成功制备出“蛇形”和“HIT”图案的陶瓷膜层.对扫描式和传统微弧氧化工艺进行了对比,采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射研究了SMAO陶瓷膜的结构和相组成.结果表明,与传统微弧氧化放电过程不同,扫描式微弧氧化在沿阴极前进的方向上依次分布着钝化区、阳极氧化区和微弧氧化区,没有观察到弧光放电.经过一次扫描生成的陶瓷膜厚度约为17μm,膜层只有疏松层,且其中的α-Al2O3含量高于γ-Al2O3.对扫描式微弧氧化放电机理的分析表明,电场在阳极表面的梯度变化可能是同一时间内存在不同放电区域的原因,高达2 400 A/dm2的电流密度使扫描式微弧氧化具有高的成膜效率,同时也导致了疏松层内含有大量的α-Al2O3.     

硼酸对铝合金微弧氧化膜耐蚀性的影响

研究了硼酸质量浓度对6060铝合金表面微弧氧化膜组织和性能的影响。对在不同硼酸质量浓度下生成的铝合金微弧氧化膜的表面形貌及相组成进行了分析;并通过腐蚀试验评价其耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:微弧氧化膜主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,当硼酸质量浓度为1g/L时,膜层的表面粗糙度最低;当硼酸质量浓度为1.5g/L时,膜层耐蚀性能最佳。     

铝合金微弧熔凝Al2O3形核及转变热力学分析

微弧氧化是在铝合金表面原位制备陶瓷膜层的一项新技术.针对陶瓷膜层在形成过程中的两次相变,分析计算Al2O3液相中的形核过程以及γ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3转变过程Gibbs自由能的变化,分析相变驱动力与温度及过冷度的关系.研究结果表明:约在1200K左右过冷度时,可从液相Al2O3直接析出γ-Al2O3晶核,γ-Al2O3形核Gibbs自由能的变化符合T模型,α-Al2O3的形核行为可采用D-R模型计算,α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3的均质形核率具有相同的数量级;微弧放电区域的热影响作用可造成γ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3的转变,温度为1500K时转变驱动力比1100K时增大了约12.3%.     

预制膜层对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层性能的影响

在硅酸钠电解液体系中,利用微弧氧化技术,对无预制膜层和含化学氧化膜或稀土转化膜的6061铝合金表面进行陶瓷化处理,研究了预制膜层处理对陶瓷膜层性能的影响。结果表明,预制膜层处理能够降低起弧电压,有利于膜层增厚和硬度提高。无预制膜的铝合金微弧氧化膜层表面呈现凹凸不平的多孔状结构,经预制膜层处理后,其表面粗糙度变小。微弧氧化后,铝合金表面膜层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3晶体相组成,而含预制膜层试样中,硬度较大的α-Al2O3相的相对含量较高。与无预制膜层及含化学氧化膜的试样相比,稀土转化膜试样的膜层厚度和硬度最大,粗糙度最小,表面较大较深的孔洞缺陷减少。     

15SiCp/2024铝基复合材料表面微弧氧化膜的摩擦学特性

利用微弧氧化方法在15SiCp/2024铝基复合材料表面制备了一层较厚的陶瓷膜.分析了膜层的成分、结构和硬度分布.通过SRV球盘摩擦磨损实验研究了陶瓷膜的摩擦学行为,分析了磨痕的形貌特征.结果表明:微弧氧化膜由疏松的外层和致密的内层组成.致密层主要包括莫来石、a-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相.膜层的最大显微硬度超过20GPa.抛光复合材料后的陶瓷膜致密层与ZrO2球对磨的干摩擦系数约为0.36;其磨损率只有基体的1/50.微弧氧化表面处理较大地提高了铝基复合材料的耐磨性.     

医用镍钛合金表面微弧氧化膜层的显微结构及耐蚀性

采用由NaAlO2和NaH2PO2组成的电解液,以微弧氧化技术在医用镍钛合金表面制备Al2O3陶瓷膜层,以减少合金表面Ni含量,并进一步提高其耐腐蚀性能,使其具有良好的生物相容性.随微弧氧化过程中处理时间的延长,试样表面的游动火花由白色逐渐向橙色转变,火花数减少但尺寸增大.所得陶瓷膜层由γ-Al2O3晶相组成,随着处理...     

7N01铝合金微弧氧化膜的腐蚀行为

分别采用硅酸盐与磷酸盐?硅酸盐复合电解液在7N01铝合金表面制备了微弧氧化膜(MAO)。采用扫描电子显微镜观察它们的微观形貌,用X射线衍射仪分析了它们的物相,并用极化曲线测量、电化学阻抗谱和盐水浸泡试验考察了它们的防腐蚀性能。结果表明,两种体系所得微弧氧化膜均主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成。与硅酸盐体系所得膜层相比,磷酸盐?硅酸盐复合体系所得膜层更加致密,防腐蚀作用更好。     

NaAlO2-K2ZrF6体系铝合金微弧氧化膜层组织及性能研究

在NaAlO2-K2ZrF6组成的电解液体系中,利用微弧氧化的方法在LY12铝合金的表面制备陶瓷膜.结果表明,膜层由α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3和分布于膜外层的c-ZrO2组成,沿膜层截面由内向外α-Al2O3减少,γ-Al2O3和c-ZrO2增加.8 g/L NaAlO2-1 g/L K2ZrF6体系与NaAlO2体系的膜层比较,具有更大的硬度和更好的耐磨性及耐腐蚀性能:最大硬度提高了25.69％,磨损率下降了64.29％,摩擦系数略有下降,腐蚀电流密度降低了96.34％.     

氧化时间对6063铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的影响

采用微弧氧化技术在以Na2SiO3为主的碱性电解液中于6063铝合金表面制得均匀的陶瓷膜。研究了陶瓷膜的生长规律,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分别观察和分析了不同氧化时间下制备的陶瓷膜的表面形貌及相组成,并研究了陶瓷膜的完整性和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着氧化时间的延长,膜层的总厚度逐渐增加,膜层的生长由向外生长逐渐过渡到向内生长,表面粗糙度线性增加。膜层内部致密层的硬度高于外面疏松层的硬度,并随着氧化时间的延长,两者硬度的差值增大。膜层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3组成,且随着氧化时间的延长,γ-Al2O3含量逐渐减少而α-Al2O3的含量逐渐增加。不同氧化时间所得陶瓷膜的γ值均大于1,膜层的完整性符合要求,在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性随着氧化时间的延长而先增大后减小。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。