间歇式搅拌罐酶反应器的热动力学模型

建亮了间歇式搅拌罐酶反应器的动力学模型和热动力学模型，并用精氨酸酶催化水解Ｌ－精氨酸的反应验证了模型的可行性，同时研究了可逆抑制对这些模型的影响。     

间歇式搅拌罐酶反应器的热动力学模型

建立了间歇式搅拌罐酶反应器（ＢＳＴＥＲ）的动力学模型和热动力学模型，并用精氨酸酶催化水解Ｌ—精氨酸的反应验证了模型的可行性，同时研究了可逆抑制剂对这些模型的影响。     

宇佐美曲霉酸性蛋白酶发酵工艺研究

宇佐美曲霉Ｌ３３５是一株分泌高单位酸性蛋白酶的产生菌,本研究采用单因素搜索和正交试验,通过摇瓶发酵和２Ｌ搅拌罐发酵,对其发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,较适宜的发酵培养基（ｇ／１００ｍＬ）为黄豆粉５．０、玉米粉１．２、鱼粉０．８、ＣａＣｌ２ ０．５、Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４ ０．２、ＮＨ４Ｃｌ１．０、蚕蛹水解液１０．０;通气量控制２５ｈ前为１：０．４ｖ／ｖ／ｍ、２５－５０ｈ１：１．０ｖ／ｖ／ｍ,５０ｈ后１：３ｖ     

固定化细胞生产L－苹果酸新工艺及动力学研究

对产氨短杆菌ＭＡ－２固定化细胞在富马酸铵体系中转化生成Ｌ－苹果酸的优化工艺条件做了探讨，结果表明，富马酸铵浓度为１．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｐＨ７．０～８．０，反应温度为３７℃时，Ｌ－苹果酸得率达２００ｇ／Ｌ左右。同时，对固定化细胞的动力学进行了研究，结果为：ｒ（ｍａｘ）＝５８ｍｍｏｌ／（Ｌ·ｈ·ｇ固定化湿细胞）），Ｋｍ＝６．２５×１Ｏ￣（－２）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＿ｍ＝１．５６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ     

Mo（Ⅵ）与Tiron的显色反应及应用研究

研究了Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）与Ｔｉｒｏｎ的反应，发现在ｐＨ４．０的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ介质中形成１：１配合物，该配合物在２５２ｎｍ、３１５ｎｍ有两个吸收峰，而在可见光区无吸收峰。测得ε２５２＝６．９×１０￣３Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·Ｃｍ－１，ε３１５＝３．５×１０３Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·Ｃｍ－１。据此建立了测定Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）的方法，在２５２ｎｍ和３１５ｎｍ处的线性范围分别为１．６×１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１～２．Ｏ×１０－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和３．２×１０－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１～２．０×１０－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。检出限分别为８．Ｏ×１０－７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和１．６×１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．ＰＯ＿４￣３＋、ＳｉＯ＿３￣２－对测定无干扰，而Ｗ（Ⅵ）、Ｖ（Ⅴ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）等有干扰。该法试用于有机磷合钼聚多酸盐样品的测定，结果满意，方法回收率９６％～１０２％，变异系数≤１．ｌ％（ｎ＝１２）。     

角质蛋白水解提取氨基酸

以人发和鸡毛为原料水后提取Ｌ－胱氨酸利用共母液提取Ｌ－精氨酸盐酸盐。人发提取Ｌ－胱氨酸和Ｌ－精氨酸的收率分别达到７．５％和１．６％，鸡毛达１．２％和２．８％。     

酶法合成L－天冬氨酸的动力学初探

进行了由富马酸转氨生成Ｌ－天冬氨酸的酶反应动力学的初步研究，考察了酶活性的稳定性、底物浓度和酶浓度对酶反应速率的影响．针对高浓度底物对酶反应的抑制作用，提出了一个动力学模型方程：ｒ＝２１．４４ｅ０／（１＋０．０１０４４／Ｓ＋Ｓ／２．６３）－８９．７（Ｓ—０．０６４）２该模型方程在ｓ＝０．０２～０．１２ｋｇ／Ｌ范围内能较好地拟合实验数据。     

西洋参细胞液体培养人参皂甙的动力学研究

重点研究了西洋参细胞在改良 ＭＳ培养液中代谢生长状况（ＭＳ培养基加 ＫＴ０． ２ ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＩＢＡ５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＭｇＳＯ４９２·５ｍｇ／Ｌ），对其发酵曲线及细胞生长作了检测，并对细胞 生长动力学作了研究，结果表明细胞生长动力学基本符合Ｍｏｎｏｄ比生长速度式，μｍａｘ＝ ０．１６１３ｄ－１，Ｋｓ＝４７．５９ｇ／Ｌ。     

Cu(Ⅱ)对DApEM-V(Ⅴ)-H_3PO_4-Mn(Ⅱ)-OP阻抑作用的研究

在酸性介质中Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）能阻抑试剂ＤＡｐＥＭ与Ｖ（Ⅴ）的显色反应。研究了该反应的动力学参数,表观速度常数２．９１×１０－３ｓ－１,表观活化能为５２．８４ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１。从而建立了一种测微量Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的动力学光度法。Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）含量在１．０～８．０μｇ·２５ｍＬ－１范围内,与ｌｇＡ０Ａ呈良好线性,表观摩尔吸光系数为１．１７×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,检出限１．３４×１０－１０ｇ·Ｌ－１,该方法用于人发样品中Ｃｕ的测定,ＲＳＤ％为０．４３％～０．４５％,回收率为９６％～９９％。     

水中LAS的催化氧化处理研究

研究了催化剂ＺｎＯ／Ｎｉ２Ｏ３对水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＬＡＳ）氧化降解的催化作用，并对影响催化氧化反应的因素进行了探讨，通过正交实验确定了最佳反应条件。实验表明，对浓度为２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＬＡＳ溶液，在氧化剂ＮａＣｌＯ加量为０．１ｍＬ／Ｌ，催化剂加量１．５ｇ／Ｌ、ｐＨ值为４时，经２ｈ催化氧化反应，其平均去除率达９３．８％。     

2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶在气升环流反应器中的合成研究

A new process for the direct chlorination of 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine to yield 2-chloro-5-chloro-methylpyridine in an airlift loop reactor (ALR) has been studied.Five main reaction conditions including TR,na/ns,cp,Qg and dD/dR were optimized.The average molar yield and purity of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine obtained were 79% and 98.5% respectively under the optimum operating conditions.Finally,the efficiency for the preparation of 2-chloro-50chloromethylpyridine with ALR and stirred tank reactor(STR) respectively was compared.     

Preparation of sorbitol from D‐glucose hydrogenation in gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow airlift loop reactor

A new process for D ‐glucose hydrogenation in 50 wt% aqueous solution, into sorbitol in a 1.5 m³ gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow airlift loop reactor (ALR) over Raney Nickel catalysts has been developed. Five main factors affecting the reaction time and molar yield to sorbitol, including reaction temperature (T_R), reaction pressure (P_R), pH, hydrogen gas flowrate (Q_g) and content of active hydrogen, were investigated and optimized. The average reaction time and molar yield were 70 min and 98.6% under the optimum operating conditions, respectively. The efficiencies of preparation of sorbitol between the gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow ALR and stirred tank reactor (STR) under the same operating conditions were compared. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

螺旋气升式内环流反应器流动特性

以水和空气两相系统为研究对象,建立螺旋气升式内环流反应器冷模实验装置,采用压差法测定导流筒升流区气含率,用电导法分别实测了升流区液相速度和反应器混合时间,研究螺旋气升式内环流反应器的流动特性,并与传统气升式内环流反应器的流动特性进行对比研究。结果表明,加螺环后反应器气含率明显增加,平均增幅为20%,升流区液相表观速度减小,混合时间增加。     

外源调控对白腐真菌生物膜反应器的影响研究

研究了碳源、氮源及诱导物调控对白腐真菌生物膜反应器处理活性黑KNB染料废水的锰过氧化氢酶(MnP)活性及脱色率的影响。结果表明:葡萄糖、酒石酸铵和Mn~(2 )浓度分别为10g/L、0.2g/L和0.2mmol/L时,MnP活性及脱色率达到最高,分别为92.1 U/L及98.9%。MnP活性与脱色率之间有较好的正相关性,表明MnP是该体系的降解功能主体。     

Deinking in bubble column and airlift reactors: Influence of wastewater of Merox unit as pulping liquor

Deinking efficiency of recycled fibers was investigated in bubble column reactor (BCR) and in internal loop airlift reactor (ALR). The brightness and intensity of ink spot of deinked fibers were reported as deinking efficiencies. A four-step process involving pulping, washing, flotation, and secondary washing was used. Employing ALR instead of BCR resulted in an increase of 1–4% in brightness, and a decrease of 3–14% in number of ink spot. Subsequently, in separate experiment the wastewater obtained from a Merox unit was used in pulping step instead of sodium hydroxide solution as pulping liquor. Compared to sodium hydroxide, industrial wastewater rendered more brightness gain. Comparison of both experiments suggests that using industrial wastewater in the pulping step and ALR in flotation step gives satisfactory results for industrial applications, yields a quality product with reduced capital investment and operation costs while considerably preserving the environment.     

环流反应器和搅拌槽传质特性的分析

本文测定了提升管为单段和提升管分为三段的气升式环流反应器中的液相体积氧传质系数，在螺带式搅拌桨区应器中测定了液相体积氧传质系数和功率消耗，实验体系为模拟生物发酵液非牛顿流体特性的核甲基纤维素水溶液，本文还从液相体积氧传质系数及单位液相体积的功耗所产生的氧传质效果方面对提升管不分段和提升管分为三段的气升式环流反应器与螺带式搅拌反应器进行了比较。     

气升式环流反应器液相流场的研究

运用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)技术测量了一拟二维气升式环流反应器内液相流动状态。避开了气液两相成像带来的图像处理困难。成功测取了时均液相速度、瞬时雷诺应力、剪切应力等在反应器下降段内的分布;考察了反应器上升段进气量和反应器液位高度对液相循环速度的影响;同时,对反应器三个具有代表性的流动部分进行了观测,获得了该反应器内液相流场具有代表性意义的速度分布图。研究结果为认识该类反应器的性能及进行反应器设计、优化提供了有价值的参考信息。     

Fractionation of barley straw with dilute sulfuric acid for improving hemicellulose recovery

Dilute acid fractionation of barley straw improves dissolving hemicellulose fraction of the straw, while leaving the cellulose more reactive and accessible to enzyme as a strategy of pretreatment. To characterize the fractionation process, the effects of the acid concentration, temperature and reaction time on the hemicellulose removal as well as on the formation of by-products (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acetic acid) were investigated. The optimum fractionation conditions of barley straw were 1% (w/v) concentration of sulfuric acid, 158 °C of reaction temperature and 15 min of reaction time. Under the optimum conditions, 87% of xylan was hydrolyzed and recovered in liquid hydrolyzate, which was 7% higher than that of the predicted yield. The hydrolyzate contained glucose 2.44 g/L, arabinose 1.70 g/L, xylose 13.41 g/L, acetic acid 1.55 g/L, levulinic acid 0.03 g/L, 5-HMF 0.03 g/L and furfural 0.75 g/L.     

CSTR和ACR丁酸型发酵制氢系统的运行特性比较

为寻求更好的连续流发酵生物制氢反应器模式,以稀释糖蜜为底物,控制反应系统为丁酸型发酵,比较研究了搅拌槽式反应器（CSTR）和厌氧接触式反应器（ACR）的启动运行特性。结果表明,以经曝气培养的下水道污泥为接种物,在接种量4.8 g MLVSS·L^-1、进水COD 5000 mg·L^-1、HRT 12 h、温度（35±1）℃和pH 5.5～6.0等相同条件下,CSTR系统可以更快地达到稳定的丁酸型发酵状态,而ACR系统因其有效的生物持有能力而在产氢性能方面更具优势。在稳定运行状态下,ACR系统的底物酸化率、产氢速率和污泥的比产氢速率分别为44%、9 L·d^-1和0.15 L·(g MLVSS·d)^-1,分别是CSTR系统的1.62、2.05和1.15倍。     

Axial dispersion and oxygen transfer in the transition from bubble column to airlift-loop reactor

Axial dispersion and oxygen transfer were investigated in a bubble column (BC) with a circulation loop. A butterfly valve, situated at the bottom of the loop enabled the above-mentioned physical characteristics in the transition regime between typical airlift-loop-reactor (ALR) flow and BC flow to be studied. The Bodenstein number was found to decrease when the liquid velocity was reduced, implicating a less established plug-flow character. The number of circulations required to achieve complete mixing in the reactor was diminished if the liquid circulation was hampered and appeared to be proportional to the Bodenstein number. The volumetric oxygen-transfer coefficient was estimated by an ideally stirred-tank-reactor (STR) model and a plug-flow model. The STR model yielded reliable results for the whole range of operation while the plug-flow model only appeared to be appropriate for the ALR operation mode. The k_La values obtained were included in a generalized correlation for the transition flow regime and were found to increase gradually when the circulation velocity was reduced.