高铝铜合金粗粉超音速等离子喷涂层的边界润滑摩擦特性

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢基体上制备高铝铜合金粗粉涂层,对涂层进行边界润滑摩擦实验,分析涂层的摩擦磨损特征及表面元素的质量损失。结果发现:涂层的摩擦因数随外加载荷的增加呈逐渐下降趋势;尽管磨损量随载荷的增大逐渐增加,但磨损率呈下降趋势,表明随外加载荷的增加涂层耐磨性能逐渐增强。涂层在中低载荷下以磨粒磨损为主,当载荷达到高载荷540 N时,涂层由磨粒磨损向疲劳磨损转变,并在犁沟边缘发生疲劳磨损的同时表现出轻度的粘着磨损。边界润滑条件下,涂层元素的质量磨损主要表现为Cu元素的损失,磨粒磨损留下的犁沟为O元素进入摩擦界面提供通道,使涂层表面形成微氧化膜。     

新型铝青铜及其喷涂层中Ce元素的作用(英文)

采用一次共装熔炼、砂型铸造Al含量超过Cu-Al二元合金共析点的新型铝青铜合金Cu-14Al-4.5Fe,在45#中碳钢表面制备铝青铜等离子喷涂层。通过扫面电镜、X射线衍射分析、电子探针、透射电镜和显微硬度计分析Ce元素对新型铝青铜合金及喷涂层表面组织形貌和维氏硬度的影响。结果表明:添加0.6%Ce到铸态合金及喷涂层可以使细化的κ相均匀分布于基体,并提高材料硬度。等离子喷涂层快速凝固,保留铝青铜涂层中Fe元素的过饱和固溶体,避免生成(α+γ2)共析相。含Ce喷涂层中的堆垛层错是提高材料力学性能的因素。     

热喷涂金属陶瓷/合金多层涂层的磨粒磨损性能

采用超音速火焰(HVOF)和电弧喷涂技术制备金属陶瓷/合金多层涂层。运用光学显微镜观察涂层组织结构;涂层硬度采用显微硬度仪进行测试;用湿式橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验机测试涂层的磨损性能。结果表明:涂层组织为扁平层状结构,涂层与基体、涂层与涂层之间结合紧密;多层涂层表层和底层(WC-12Co涂层)的硬度较高,中间层(NiCr合金涂层)的硬度较低;涂层的磨损质量损失与载荷成正比;磨料的硬度较高时,涂层的磨损质量损失较大,与单层涂层相比,多层涂层在较高载荷作用下具有较好的抗磨损性能。     

汽车发动机用AZ91D合金的表面改性设计与性能研究

对汽车发动机用AZ91D合金进行等离子喷涂和激光重熔改性处理,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、显微硬度计、电化学工作站研究了AZ91D合金基材和涂层的显微形貌、物相组成、摩擦磨损和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,等离子喷涂涂层和激光重熔层的显微硬度相较于AZ91D合金基材有明显提高,提高幅度约为10倍和13倍,而过渡层的显微硬度介于基材和涂层之间;相同载荷下等离子涂层的摩擦系数要高于激光重熔层,AZ91D合金基材的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,等离子喷涂涂层和激光重熔层的磨损机制为轻微磨粒磨损;等离子喷涂涂层和激光重熔涂层的耐腐蚀性能都要远优于AZ91D合金基材,由于具有致密均匀的涂层结构,激光重熔层具有最小的腐蚀倾向和腐蚀速率,耐腐蚀性能最好。     

氮化钛 / 氧化钛复相陶瓷涂层的干滑动摩擦磨损性能

目的研究等离子喷涂Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层的微观组织结构、显微硬度及干滑动摩擦磨损行为和机理。方法采用等离子喷涂技术,在45#钢表面制备Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层。分析涂层的相组成,测试涂层的硬度。通过磨损试验研究Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层的磨损行为,并观察涂层的磨损形貌,测试磨损表面的成分组成,探讨Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层的磨损机理。结果 Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层均匀致密,平均厚度为350μm,具有明显的层状结构,孔隙率为4.3%,显微硬度为1444HV0.1。在载荷30~50 N、转速370~1102 r/min的范围内,Ti N/Ti O复相涂层与GCr15对磨的摩擦系数为0.0963~0.2778,磨损量为1.32~6.8 mg。随着载荷的增加,摩擦系数下降;随着载荷和转速的增加,磨损量增加。结论等离子喷涂制备的Ti N/Ti O复相涂层组织致密,显微硬度高,在低速低载荷时表现出较好的耐磨性,但随着载荷和转速的增加,耐磨性降低。涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

Fe基氩弧重熔涂层的制备及其磨损性能研究

目的 制备高质量的Fe基氩弧重熔涂层,并探究氩弧重熔处理对涂层在不同载荷作用下磨损性能的影响。方法 通过正交试验对Fe基重熔层的4个主要重熔参数（电流、速度、弧长、步长）进行优化设计,采用孔隙率和显微硬度作为指标来综合评价涂层的质量。利用X射线衍射仪对涂层进行物相分析,利用UMT-3多功能摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的耐磨性,利用白光干涉三维表面轮廓仪对磨痕进行表征,利用扫描电镜分析了粉末形貌、涂层的微观结构和涂层的失效形貌。结果 通过正交试验获得了高质量的Fe基氩弧重熔涂层,其最优重熔工艺参数为：重熔电流70 A,速度200 mm/min,弧长2 mm,步长2 mm。随着磨损载荷的增加,喷涂层和重熔层的摩擦系数均增大,但在相同的载荷作用下,重熔层的摩擦系数小于喷涂层。喷涂层的主要失效模式为剥落和磨粒磨损,呈现出脆性断裂特征;重熔层的主要失效形式为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,呈现出塑性变形和犁沟特征。在10、20、30、40 N载荷作用下,重熔层的磨损体积分别比喷涂层降低了32.1%、51.5%、60.7%和55.7%。结论 通过氩弧重熔处理,得到了高质量的Fe基重熔层,与原Fe基喷涂层相比,其显微组织和耐磨性得到显著改善。     

汽车焊装夹具的表面喷涂与耐磨性能研究

以镍基碳化钨粉末为喷涂原料,采用等离子喷涂和乙炔焰喷焊方法对汽车焊装夹具进行了表面改性处理,研究了不同热喷涂工艺下涂层的显微形貌、物相组成和孔隙率的变化规律,并对比分析了两种不同工艺下涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明,等离子喷涂涂层和乙炔焰喷焊涂层的物相组成均为γ-Ni、W_2C、Cr_7C_3和WC,涂层中都可见灰色区域、亮白色区域和黑色孔隙缺陷;乙炔焰喷焊涂层中的孔隙率要相对等离子喷涂涂层中更小;汽车焊装夹具基材的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,而等离子喷涂涂层和乙炔焰喷焊涂层磨损机制为粘着磨损。     

AC-HVAF制备WC-10Co-4Cr涂层抗磨粒磨损性能研究

采用活性燃烧高速燃气(AC-HVAF)喷涂工艺制备了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,测试了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度、气孔率以及抗磨粒磨损性能。并利用XRD对喷涂粉末及涂层进行了相结构分析,用扫描电子显微镜对喷涂粉末、磨粒磨损后的涂层表面形貌进行了观察。结果表明:在喷涂过程中,仅有很少量的WC发生合金化。涂层的结合强度和显微硬度高,组织结构致密。在相同的实验条件下,16Mn钢的磨粒磨损质量损失是WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的266倍,这表明HVAF制备的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层具有优异的抗磨粒磨损性能。     

不同载荷对HVOF 喷涂AlCoCrFeNi 高熵合金涂层摩擦学性能的影响

目的 提高深地钻探钻具关键零部件的抗磨性能。方法 采用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)制备AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层。采用X射线衍射仪对高熵合金粉末和涂层的相组成进行研究,采用扫描电子显微镜对高熵合金粉末及涂层的微观结构进行分析,使用维氏显微硬度计测得涂层的显微硬度,采用摩擦磨损试验机对涂层在不同载荷下的磨损行为进行研究。采用SEM和EDS对磨痕表面进行分析,采用XPS技术分析磨痕元素成分,利用三维白光干涉形貌仪测量涂层的磨损体积和表面粗糙度。结果 HVOF喷涂AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层结构致密,相结构为BCC相,显微硬度达(536±34)HV0.2,约为35CrMo钢基体[(278±20)HV0.2]的2倍。随着载荷的增加,涂层的摩擦系数减小、磨损率增大。相同载荷下(6 N),涂层的磨损率约为基体的41%。HVOF喷涂AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层的磨损失效机制为,低载荷下(2 N)主要为氧化磨损伴随着轻微的磨粒磨损;高载荷下(4、6 N)受到反复剪切应力出现疲劳磨损。结论 HVOF喷涂AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层具有良好的抗磨性能,可以有效减轻磨损,有望应用于深地钻探钻具关键零部件的表面防护。     

退火对等离子熔覆FeCoCrNiAl高熵合金涂层组织与耐磨性的影响

目的 通过退火来提高等离子熔覆FeCoCrNiAl高熵合金涂层的耐磨性。方法 通过等离子熔覆技术在45号钢基体上制备了FeCoCrNiAl高熵合金涂层,并分别在500、800、1200℃温度下退火2 h。退火前后的涂层由XRD、能谱仪、扫描电镜、三维形貌仪、摩擦磨损试验机、硬度仪对其组织形貌及力学性能进行测试与表征。结果 退火前的FeCoCrNiAl熔覆涂层由BCC相和大量非稳态FCC相构成。经500℃退火后,涂层形成了单一BCC相;经800℃退火后,涂层中的BCC相开始转变并析出均匀分布的FCC相。以上两个涂层的硬度均处于较高水平,但受FCC相的影响,经400℃摩擦磨损30 min后,800℃退火后的涂层的耐磨性开始降低。而1200℃退火后,涂层中析出了大量棒状和不规则形状的富Fe-Cr相,导致其硬度和耐磨性显著降低,涂层的磨损更严重。结论 未退火的涂层和经500℃退火后的涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,经800℃退火后的涂层属于磨粒磨损和粘着磨损机制,而1200℃退火后的涂层主要是疲劳磨损、磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

不同尺度碳化物粉末冷喷沉积WC-17%Co涂层的组织及性能

采用团聚烧结和机械混合工艺制备的4种纳米与微米碳化物比例的WC-17%Co粉末,运用冷喷涂进行涂层定点沉积试验,通过扫描电镜和X-射线衍射分别分析了涂层的组织结构和相结构,并测定了涂层的显微硬度和磨粒磨损失重量.结果表明,4种碳化物尺度粉末沉积涂层具有致密的组织结构,喷涂态涂层保持与原始粉末相同的相结构,涂层显微硬度随碳化物尺度在12 897～15 925 MPa范围变化,粉末中纳米碳化物与微米碳化物颗粒重量比为50∶50时,沉积涂层具有较好的磨粒磨损性能.涂层磨损表面分析表明,涂层的磨损行为表现为涂层的磨粒磨损失重量在2.67～5.53 mg范围变化.     

含碳化物陶瓷粉芯丝材电弧喷涂层的结构和性能

分别将WC、TiC、Cr3C2等碳化物陶瓷粉末与304不锈钢带轧制成3种粉芯丝材,采用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备铁基复合涂层.利用光学显微镜、SEM、XRD对3种涂层的形貌、相组成和磨损表面进行分析,并用湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验机(MLS-225)测试了涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能.结果表明,碳化物陶瓷粉末的加入使涂层的硬度和耐磨性显著提高,涂层的平均显微硬度值高达1100～1200 HV0.1.在本试验条件下,铁基复合涂层的耐磨性比Q235钢高6～18倍.塑性微切削和脆性剥落为涂层的主要磨粒磨损形式.     

Propylene flow,microstructure and performance of WC–12Co coatings using a gas-fuel HVOF spray process

Five WC–12Co coatings were deposited by a high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) system using constant oxygen flow and varying propylene flow. The phase composition, microstructure, as well as abrasive and sliding wear performance of the as-sprayed coatings were investigated. The degree of tungsten carbide (WC) decarburization in the as-sprayed coatings increases while the coating porosity decreases with the increase of the propylene flow. The coating hardness, fracture toughness, resistance to abrasive and sliding wear increases with the increase of the propylene flow, reaches maximum and then decreases. At the low flow of the propylene, relatively loose coating microstructure is formed, which leads to fracturing and pulling off the WC particles during abrasive and sliding wear process. Herewith, at the high flow of the propylene, the high degree of the WC decarburization and high brittleness of the coating leads to micro-cutting during abrasive wear as well as to cracking and delamination of the coating in the sliding wear process.     

Influence of WC addition in Co-Cr-W-Ni-C flame sprayed coatings on microstructure, microhardness and wear behaviour

In present paper the influence of the tungsten carbide (WC) particle addition on the microstructure, microhardness and abrasive wear behaviour of flame sprayed Co-Cr-W-Ni-C (EWAC 1006) coatings deposited on low carbon steel substrate has been reported. Coatings were deposited by oxy-acetylene flame spraying process. Wear behaviour of coatings was evaluated using pin on flat wear system against SiC abrasive medium. It was observed that the addition of WC particle in a commercial Co-Cr-W-Ni-C powder coating increases microhardness and wear resistance. Wear behaviour of these coatings is governed by the material parameters such as microstructure, hardness of coating and test parameters (abrasive grit size and normal load). Addition of WC in a commercial powder coating increased wear resistance about 4-9 folds. WC modified powder coatings showed better wear resistance at high load. Heat treatment of the unmodified powder coatings improved abrasive wear resistance while that of modified powder coating deteriorated the wear resistance. SEM study showed that wear of coatings largely takes place by microgroove, crater formation and scoring. Electron probe micro analysis (E.P.M.A.) of unmodified and WC modified powder coating was carried out for composition and phase analysis.     

等离子熔覆NiCr-Cr3C2复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的研究

目的研究碳化铬含量及磨损载荷力对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响,探究不同磨损载荷下的磨损机制。方法采用5种Ni55和NiCr-Cr_3C_2的混合粉末(Ni Cr-Cr_3C_2质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%),通过等离子熔覆技术制备金属基复合涂层。采用XRD、SEM对涂层物相进行检测分析,使用Rtec万能摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层表面进行不同载荷下的摩擦磨损性能测试。对涂层组织、摩擦系数、磨损体积及磨损表面微观形貌进行对比分析,探究碳化铬的含量以及摩擦载荷对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果 NiCr-Cr_3C_2在熔覆过程中发生熔化,XRD测得涂层中的碳化物主要以Cr_7C_3为主,其他主要物相包括Cr_3C_2、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_5B_3、Ni_3Si。复合涂层的硬度及耐磨性能随着碳化铬含量的增加而增大,硬度最高达1500HV以上,耐磨性是基体Q235的2～16倍。当磨损载荷低于80 N时,主要发生磨粒磨损;当磨损载荷为100 N时,主要发生粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,其中S5的磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损。结论加入碳化铬,随着碳化铬含量增加,复合涂层的耐磨性不断提高,并且随着磨损载荷的增大,涂层磨损机制发生转变。     

Influence of gas flow rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite coatings fabricated by gas tunnel type plasma spraying

Gas tunnel type plasma torch was used to spray hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on 304 stainless steel substrate at different plasma gas (Ar) flow rates (100-170 l/min). Microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope and phase analysis by X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties such as hardness and abrasive wear resistance of HA coatings sprayed at different gas flow rates were investigated. The results showed that the gas flow rates affect greatly the microstructure and mechanical properties of HA coatings. Crystallinity increased and porosity decreased as the gas flow rate increased. Hardness and abrasion resistance increased as the gas flow rates increased.     

Wear and corrosion properties of laser cladded Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8/SiC amorphous composite coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy

To improve the wear and corrosion properties of AZ91D magnesium alloys, Cu-based amorphous composite coatings were fabricated on AZ91D magnesium alloy by laser cladding using mixed powders of Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 and SiC. The wear and corrosion behaviours of the coatings were investigated. The wear resistance of the coatings was evaluated under dry sliding wear condition at room temperature. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was tested in 3.5% （mass fraction） NaCl solution. The coatings exhibit excellent wear resistance due to the recombined action of amorphous phase and different intermetallic compounds. The main wear mechanisms of the coatings and the AZ91D sample are different. The former is abrasive wear and the latter is adhesive wear. The coatings compared with AZ91D magnesium alloy also exhibit good corrosion resistance because of the presence of the amorphous phase in the coatings.     

Effects of TiB2+TiC content on microstructure and wear resistance of Ni55-based composite coatings produced by plasma cladding

TiB₂-TiC reinforced Ni55 matrix composite coatings were in-situ fabricated via plasma cladding on steels using Ti, B₄C, and Ni55 as precursor materials at different proportions. Effects of TiB₂+TiC content of ceramics phase on the microstructure and wear resistance were studied. The results showed that ceramic phases TiB₂ and TiC were in-situ synthesized by plasma cladding, and the ceramic phase content significantly affected tribological performance and the wear mechanism of coatings under different loads. The composite ceramics protected coatings from further delamination wear by crack-resistance under a load of 30 N. Severe abrasive wear and adhesive wear were prevented when the load increased to 60 N because of the high hardness and strength of ceramic phases. Moreover, a compacted layer appeared on the wear surface of coatings with high content of ceramic phases, which effectively decreased the friction coefficient and wear rate. The TiB₂-TiC composite ceramics significantly improved the wear performance of metal matrix composite coatings by different mechanisms under loads of 30 and 60 N.     

低合金耐磨钢板NM600组织及其磨损性能研究

对一种新型高级别低合金高强度耐磨钢NM600进行热处理实验,研究了淬火温度和回火温度对实验钢组织和力学性能的影响,并分析了最优工艺条件下实验钢的磨损性能。结果表明：当淬火温度为880 ℃,回火温度为180 ℃时,实验钢力学性能最优,其中维氏硬度、抗拉强度、伸长率和-40 ℃冲击功分别为628 HV、2 000 MPa、7.3%、27.8 J,实验钢组织为典型的板条马氏体结构,马氏体板条内部及其板条界面上分布着细小均匀的碳化物。三体冲击磨损实验结果表明：工艺优化后的实验钢的耐磨性能与瑞典SSAB公司生产的HARDOX600相近,是NM400钢的1.376倍,抗磨损性能良好。     

等温淬火处理对感应重熔镍基合金涂层摩擦学性能的影响

目的改善镍基合金涂层的摩擦学性能。方法分别采用感应重熔工艺及感应重熔-等温淬火一体化工艺,在GCr15钢基体表面制备了两种镍基合金涂层,并通过销盘摩擦磨损试验、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度测试对其摩擦磨损性能、微观组织、表面硬度进行了对比研究,探讨了等温淬火处理对感应重熔镍基合金涂层摩擦学性能、微观组织、表面硬度的影响,揭示了其增强机理。结果经等温淬火后的重熔涂层比感应重熔涂层具有更低的摩擦系数和磨损失重,摩擦稳定阶段的摩擦系数为0.301,比后者低23.8%,相对耐磨性是后者的1.71倍。感应重熔涂层同时存在着磨粒磨损和粘着磨损两种机制,而经等温淬火后的重熔涂层以磨粒磨损为主,比前者具有更优异的抵抗磨粒磨损和粘着磨损的能力。感应重熔涂层及经等温淬火处理后的重熔涂层平均显微硬度分别为818.0、873.6HV(0.5),硬度极差分别为170.9、132.6HV(0.5),形状参数分别为18.5057、22.6189,后者比前者具有更高的平均硬度值、更小的硬度极差以及更加稳定的涂层性能。经过微观组织分析发现,重熔涂层在经等温淬火处理后,其晶粒的细化、硬质相的相对均质弥散性、共晶相的减少、丰富的耐磨陶瓷相和快速凝固的定向晶粒结构的协同作用,是其具有优异的显微硬度Weibull分布特性,以及耐磨性得到进一步提高的根本原因。结论合适的等温淬火热处理工艺能够改善感应重熔镍基合金涂层的微观组织,从而有效减小其摩擦系数,并提高其耐磨性。