Robust internal model control of servo motor based on sliding mode control approach

This paper proposes a robust internal model control (IMC) based on sliding mode control (SMC) approach for high-performance motion control of a servo motor subject to uncertainties and/or disturbances. The proposed control strategy considers not only the simplicity and intuition of the IMC-based controller for a prescribed tracking performance but also the effectiveness of the SMC scheme to guarantee the robustness of the servo system. Since the performance of the IMC-based controller can be analyzed via a SMC structure, a robust control law based on the SMC technique is introduced into the IMC scheme to decrease the sensitivity to uncertainties and enhance the resistance to disturbances. Moreover, the 2-degree-of-freedom IMC integrating the robust SMC scheme is developed to further improve the control performance. The stability is analyzed based on Lyapunov theory, and the theoretical results show that a prescribed transient tracking performance and a final tracking accuracy of the servo system can be guaranteed. Comparative simulations and experiments are investigated to verify the high performance nature of the proposed control strategy.     

Positioning and tracking of a linear motion stage with friction compensation by fuzzy logic approach

In this paper, the development of a fuzzy controller that compensates for nonlinear friction in a linear motion stage is presented. The experimental work and instrumentation set up is presented for this research. Based upon a nonlinear friction model, friction parameters were estimated from experimental results. Simulation and experimental validation on a ball-screw mechanism is presented, showing the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed fuzzy control scheme offers several implementation advantages such as smaller control effort, and reduced effect of measurement noise. Moreover, the fuzzy logic methodology displays superior performance when compared to a conventional PID controller. It also shows good and robust tracking with respect to system parameters variation.     

Robust inertia-free attitude takeover control of postcapture combined spacecraft with guaranteed prescribed performance

In this paper, a robust inertia-free attitude takeover control scheme with guaranteed prescribed performance is investigated for postcapture combined spacecraft with consideration of unmeasurable states, unknown inertial property and external disturbance torque. Firstly, to estimate the unavailable angular velocity of combination accurately, a novel finite-time-convergent tracking differentiator is developed with a quite computationally achievable structure free from the unknown nonlinear dynamics of combined spacecraft. Then, a robust inertia-free prescribed performance control scheme is proposed, wherein, the transient and steady-state performance of combined spacecraft is first quantitatively studied by stabilizing the filtered attitude tracking errors. Compared with the existing works, the prominent advantage is that no parameter identifications and no neural or fuzzy nonlinear approximations are needed, which decreases the complexity of robust controller design dramatically. Moreover, the prescribed performance of combined spacecraft is guaranteed a priori without resorting to repeated regulations of the controller parameters. Finally, four illustrative examples are employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and tracking differentiator.     

Analysis of robust stability and performance for two-degree of freedom control structure with dynamic controller

In the two-degree of freedom control, the performance of good command following and disturbance rejection are considered separately. Qualitatively, good performance is equivalent to minimizing the energy of the error for any inputs. In this work, usingH _∞-formulation in the frequency domain, robust stability and robust performance specifications have been analyzed for the two-degree of freedom control structure with a dynamic controller. When the two-degree of freedom system having a feed-forward loop is controlled by a dynamic controller, two different performance weight functions are imposed and the robust performance specification is proposed in terms of the return ratio and feed-forward loop. The design algorithm in the frequency domain is illustrated for the simplified retail model of Industrial Dynamics to compare three kinds of control laws, which are the output feedback control scheme and two additional dynamic control ones. Numerical simulation results show that the dynamic control laws provide a larger robust stability margin than the output feeback control one and has good performance robustness for disturbance rejection at low frequencies.     

Smith predictor based-sliding mode controller for integrating processes with elevated deadtime

An approach to control integrating processes with elevated deadtime using a Smith predictor sliding mode controller is presented. A PID sliding surface and an integrating first-order plus deadtime model have been used to synthesize the controller. Since the performance of existing controllers with a Smith predictor decrease in the presence of modeling errors, this paper presents a simple approach to combining the Smith predictor with the sliding mode concept, which is a proven, simple, and robust procedure. The proposed scheme has a set of tuning equations as a function of the characteristic parameters of the model. For implementation of our proposed approach, computer based industrial controllers that execute PID algorithms can be used. The performance and robustness of the proposed controller are compared with the Matausek-Mici? scheme for linear systems using simulations.     

Robust friction compensation for submicrometer positioning and tracking for a ball-screw-driven slide system

Ball-screw-driven slide systems are largely used in industry for motion control applications. Their performance using standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm is unsatisfactory in submicrometer motion control because of nonlinear friction effects. In this article, controllers based on a bristle-type nonlinear contact model are developed and implemented for submicrometer motion. For submicrometer positioning, a proportional-derivative (PD) control scheme with a nonlinear friction estimate algorithm is developed, and its performance is compared with that of a PID controller. For tracking, a disturbance observer was added to reject external disturbances and to improve robustness. The experimental results indicate that the proposed controller has consistent performance in positioning with under 1.5% of steady-state error in the submicrometer range. For tracking performance, the proposed controller shows good and robust tracking with respect to parameter variation.     

Development of the precision planar motor stage using a new magnet array and robust control with the parametric uncertainty model

This paper discusses the development of a new precision motor stage, where a new magnet array is proposed and a new robust controller is implemented. Several planar motor parameters, such as the air gap flux density and flux linkage, are analytically evaluated by the scalar potential, and, thus, about a 5–8% increase is observed for the proposed magnet array. A new robust controller is also proposed using the parametric uncertainty model, which can effectively control the movement during both stable and cogging positions. The performance of the robust controller is evaluated, and it shows much higher robustness and about a 200% higher position accuracy when compared with the conventional PID controller. Therefore, the developed planar motor stage is successfully designed and implemented, and, thus, proposes great potential for most of the positioning applications in the field of semiconductor equipment and machine tools.     

Design and experimental realization of a robust decentralized PI controller for a coupled tank system

This paper presents design and realization of a robust decentralized PI controller for regulating the level of a coupled tank system. The proposed controller is designed based on a predefined reference transfer function model in which we adopt a frequency matching of actual and reference models. Realization of control algorithms for a multivariable system is often complicated owing to uncertainties in the process dynamics. In this paper, initially a frequency response fitting model reduction technique is adopted to obtain a First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model of each higher order decoupled subsystem. Further, using the obtained reduced order model, the proposed robust decentralized PI controller is designed. The stability and performance of the proposed controller are verified by considering multiplicative input and output uncertainties. The performance of the proposed robust decentralized controller has been compared with that of a decentralized PI controller. To validate the performance of the proposed control approach, real-time experimentation is pursed on a Feedback Instrument manufactured coupled tank system.     

A robust approach for trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor with experimental validation

In this paper, a new control scheme for motion control of quadrotors is presented. The proposed model based controller makes use of simple estimations of vehicle parameters. Besides, the controller is developed under properties of the vehicle model. A rigorous analysis is developed to prove that the closed-loop system trajectories are uniformly ultimately bounded. The validity of the proposed control scheme is tested by numerical simulations and experimental results. This validation shows that the proposed controller guarantees that the quadrotor performs tracking of a desired pose (position and orientation) trajectory with good accuracy. The new scheme has been compared with respect to other robust controllers. The results indicate better tracking accuracy for the new scheme.     

增量型模型算法控制在PMSM速度控制中的应用

针对普通PID控制系统性能受参数变化及各种不确定性影响严重等缺点,在基本模型算法控制（MAC）基础上,综合了MAC在线实时预测、优化、反馈校正的优点,在控制器中引入了积分因子组成增量型模型算法控制（IMAC）,并将该算法应用于永磁同步电机（PMSM）速度控制中。仿真结果表明,由该算法构成的控制器较普通的PID控制,在系统模型参数与实际参数严重失配的情况下,能够有效抑制各种不确定性的不良影响,且系统鲁棒性强,又可获得令人满意的动态性能。     

并串联复合机器人的鲁棒控制

针对并联机构具有较高的刚度和精度,但工作空间小的特点,提出一种由3自由度平动并联机构和放大机构相结合的机构,从而组成新型并串联复合机器人。根据拉格朗日方法,建立并串联复合机器人的动力学方程, 并讨论动力学方程的性质。研究并串联复合机器人的鲁棒控制问题,根据动力学的性质在笛卡儿坐标系中设计一种鲁棒控制策略。控制器由两部分组成:一部分为基于标称模型设计的计算力矩控制器,其作用是镇定标称的机器人系统;另一部分为一种基于Lyapunov方法设计的鲁棒控制器,其作用是消除不确定性对跟踪性能的影响。理论分析与仿真结果表明,该控制器对改善并串联复合机器人的轨迹跟踪精度十分有效。     

基于频域分析的预测控制鲁棒性设计

从分析预测控制的内模机理出发，把系统稳定鲁棒性和品质鲁棒性要求作为内模控制器设计的两个约束条件，利用控制理论中频域分析的方法把离散控制系统的控制器设计转化到频域进行分析，推导出满足系统稳定鲁棒性和品质鲁棒性条件的内模控制器，从而得出预测控制鲁棒性设计的条件，使控制系统能较好的抑制外部扰动所产生的影响。仿真实验结果表明该设计比传统的CHR和Cohen-Coon整定算法有更优异的控制效果。     

Multi-objective parameter space approach based controller and add-on disturbance observer design

The parameter space approach based robust PI control design methodology for DC motor speed control is proposed in this paper. The multi-objective design requirements like D-stability, phase margin and mixed sensitivity (frequency domain) bounds are mapped into the controller parameter space to determine PI controller coefficients which satisfies the desired user-defined specifications. Besides robust PI controller, an add-on disturbance observer is utilized to enhance the tracking performance and disturbance rejection of the control system. The proposed control scheme is validated by simulations and experiments. The results prove that the effectiveness of the proposed control system against uncertainties in the modeling and disturbances on the system response.

     

Improved linear quadratic and proportional control system for improved liquid level system regulation in a coke fractionation tower

A new linear quadratic regulation (LQ) control plus a proportional (P) control system is proposed for the level regulation in an industrial coke fractionation tower. The process is first stabilized using a P controller and then a subsequent LQ controller is designed for the P control system. The P control system is modeled as a generalized first order plus dead time (FOPDT) process using step-response test and the LQ-P controller is designed through a new state space structure. Performance in terms of regulatory and servo issues were investigated. Simulation results showed that the proposed method is more robust and improves performance than traditional model predictive control.     

Robust control for a biaxial servo with time delay system based on adaptive tuning technique

A robust control method for synchronizing a biaxial servo system motion is proposed in this paper. A new network based cross-coupled control and adaptive tuning techniques are used together to cancel out the skew error. The conventional fixed gain PID cross-coupled controller (CCC) is replaced with the adaptive cross-coupled controller (ACCC) in the proposed control scheme to maintain biaxial servo system synchronization motion. Adaptive-tuning PID (APID) position and velocity controllers provide the necessary control actions to maintain synchronization while following a variable command trajectory. A delay-time compensator (DTC) with an adaptive controller was augmented to set the time delay element, effectively moving it outside the closed loop, enhancing the stability of the robust controlled system. This scheme provides strong robustness with respect to uncertain dynamics and disturbances. The simulation and experimental results reveal that the proposed control structure adapts to a wide range of operating conditions and provides promising results under parameter variations and load changes.     

Optimal solution,quantitative performance estimation,and robust tuning of the simplifying controller

Recently, a simplifying controller has been proposed based on the principal of simplification of the control system transfer functions, which offers improved control for processes with a large time delay. It is the purpose of this complementary paper to give a comprehensive analysis on the scheme. First, the relationship among the simplifying controller, the Smith predictor, and the internal model control are discussed. Second, an analytical design procedure is developed based on internal model control (IMC) and optimal solution is derived. Third, the problem of estimating the time domain performance of the closed loop system, quantitatively, is discussed. Fourth, a simple robust tuning procedure is presented. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed method.     

Robust nonlinear control of a 6 DOF parallel manipulator : Task space approach

This paper presents a robust nonlinear controller for a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) parallel manipulator in the task space coordinates. The proposed control strategy requires information on orientations and translations in the task space unlike the joint space or link space control scheme. Although a 6 DOF sensor may provide such information in a straightforward manner, its cost calls for a more economical alternative. A novel indirect method based on the readily available length information engages as a potential candidate to replace a 6 DOF sensor. The indirect approach generates the necessary information by solving the forward kinematics and subsequently applying alpha-beta-gamma tracker. With the 6 DOF signals available, a robust nonlinear task space control (RNTC) scheme is proposed based on the Lyapunov redesign method, whose stability is rigorously proved. The performance of the proposed RNTC with the new estimation scheme is evaluated via experiments. First, the results of the estimator are compared with the rate-gyro signals, which indicates excellent agreement. Then, the RNTC with on-line estimated 6 DOF data is shown to achieve excellent control performance to sinusoidal inputs, which is superior to those of a commonly used proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative controller with a feedforward friction compensation under joint space coordinates and the nonlinear controller under task space coordinates.     

Robust tracking and distributed synchronization control of a multi-motor servomechanism with H-infinity performance

The multi-motor servomechanism (MMS) is a multi-variable, high coupling and nonlinear system, which makes the controller design challenging. In this paper, an adaptive robust H-infinity control scheme is proposed to achieve both the load tracking and multi-motor synchronization of MMS. This control scheme consists of two parts: a robust tracking controller and a distributed synchronization controller. The robust tracking controller is constructed by incorporating a neural network (NN) K-filter observer into the dynamic surface control, while the distributed synchronization controller is designed by combining the mean deviation coupling control strategy with the distributed technique. The proposed control scheme has several merits: 1) by using the mean deviation coupling synchronization control strategy, the tracking controller and the synchronization controller can be designed individually without any coupling problem; 2) the immeasurable states and unknown nonlinearities are handled by a NN K-filter observer, where the number of NN weights is largely reduced by using the minimal learning parameter technique; 3) the H-infinity performances of tracking error and synchronization error are guaranteed by introducing a robust term into the tracking controller and the synchronization controller, respectively. The stabilities of the tracking and synchronization control systems are analyzed by the Lyapunov theory. Simulation and experimental results based on a four-motor servomechanism are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Adaptive control of 5 DOF upper-limb exoskeleton robot with improved safety

This paper studies an adaptive control strategy for a class of 5 DOF upper-limb exoskeleton robot with a special safety consideration. The safety requirement plays a critical role in the clinical treatment when assisting patients with shoulder, elbow and wrist joint movements. With the objective of assuring the tracking performance of the pre-specified operations, the proposed adaptive controller is firstly designed to be robust to the model uncertainties. To further improve the safety and fault-tolerance in the presence of unknown large parameter variances or even actuator faults, the adaptive controller is on-line updated according to the information provided by an adaptive observer without additional sensors. An output tracking performance is well achieved with a tunable error bound. The experimental example also verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.