共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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为优化掺气设施体型并对其水力特性进行研究,在已有理论研究成果与工程实践经验基础上,从水流掺气减蚀机理、掺气水流运动特性及掺气设施体型及布置三方面评述了水流掺气减蚀技术研究进展。针对目前掺气减蚀技术研究中存在的不足,认为今后应进一步加强多泡情况下空化泡-空气泡-边壁微观作用机制,近壁(底板、侧壁)水体掺气浓度、气泡特征的沿程演变规律,复杂条件下掺气设施体型优化等方面的研究。 相似文献
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《人民珠江》2021,42(6)
高水头、大流量的泄水建筑物中易发生空蚀破坏,结合西北某水电站溢洪道工程实例,通过单体水工模型试验,开展溢洪道掺气减蚀研究。试验结果表明:各洪水频率条件的溢洪道泄槽流速较大,水流空化数小于0.3,需要设置掺气减蚀设施。通过分析3种不同掺气设施的减蚀效果可知,挑坎式掺气能缓解空蚀,但下游伴有不同程度的溅水;凸型坎掺气能形成稳定的空腔,且下游无溅水发生;坎槽式可使泄槽内形成稳定的空腔和流态,且易施工,为最优掺气设施。在最优掺气设施中,掺气坎至鼻坎前端掺气浓度较高(0.9%~63.1%),掺气效果良好,达到了掺气减蚀目的。研究结果可为该工程后续消能防冲研究及类似工程的掺气减蚀研究提供理论指导与技术支撑。 相似文献
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用针式掺气流速仪观测高速掺气水流中气泡的数量和直径。将小浪底工程泄洪洞中闸室原型与模型中相应测点的气泡资料对比后表明,原型中d>2mm的气泡基本符合重力相似准则,可以在模型中模拟。 相似文献
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王世夏 《水利水电科技进展》1996,16(1):6-10
本文介绍时明流泄水建筑物高速水流自掺气、槽坎人工掺气以及含沙浑水掺气抗磨的系统研究。通过理论分析、室内试验和原型观测的综合探索。已取得一系列重要研究成果:明流自掺气、人工掺气的掺气最和掺气浓度分布、槽坎掺气减蚀设施的掺气保护长度、含沙水流掺气特性和掺气抗磨效果以及掺气水流的模型律和尺度效应等。 相似文献
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自由液面附近空化泡的溃灭特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究自由液面附近空化泡的溃灭特性对认识水利水电工程中的空蚀破坏机理具有重要意义。为进一步认识自由液面附近空化泡的溃灭特性,开展了电火花激发空化泡试验。结果表明:(1)空化泡与自由液面距离较近时总是背离自由液面溃灭,背离的临界条件为空化泡与自由液面的距离约是空化泡最大半径的5倍。空化泡尺寸越大或空化泡与自由液面距离越近,其背离现象越明显。(2)自由液面附近双空化泡相向溃灭融合,且融合体背离自由液面移动。(3)在自由液面和空气泡的共同影响下,空化泡的溃灭方向是二者分别对空化泡作用的矢量和。通过本文研究,对自由液面附近空化泡的溃灭有了定量认识,可以在一定条件下预测空化泡的溃灭方向。 相似文献
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The motion of a spark-induced cavitation bubble and an air bubble near a rigid boundary is experimentally studied by using high-speed photography. Several dimensionless parameters are used to describe the geometrical configuration of the bubble-bubble-boundary interaction. The bubble-bubble interaction can be considered in two different conditions. The cavitation bubble will collapse towards the air bubble if the air bubble is relatively small, and away from the air bubble if the air bubble is relatively large. The two zones are identified in the bubble-boundary interaction, and they are the danger zone and the safety zone. The relative position, the bubble-boundary distance and the bubble-bubble distance play important roles in the bubble-bubble-boundary interaction, which can be considered in several conditions according to the responses of the bubbles. Air jets are found to penetrate into the cavitation bubbles. The cavitation bubble and the air bubble (air jet) move in their own way without mixing. The motion of a cavitation bubble may be influenced by an air bubble and/or a rigid boundary. The influence of the air bubble and the influence of the boundary may be combined, like some thing of a vector. 相似文献
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Experimental study of the interaction between the spark-induced cavitation bubble and the air bubble 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Experiments are carried out by using high-speed photography to investigate the interaction between the spark-generated cavitation bubble and the air bubble in its surrounding fluid. Three problems are discussed in detail: the impact of the air bubble upon the development of the cavitation bubble, the evolution of the air bubble under the influence of the cavitation bubble, and the change of the fluid pressure during the development of a micro jet of the cavitation bubble. Based on the experimental results, under the condition of no air bubble present, the lifetime of the cavitation bubble from expansion to contraction increases with the increase of the maximum radius. On the other hand, when there is an air bubble present, different sized cavitation bubbles have similarity with one another generally in terms of the lifetime from expansion to contraction, which does not depend on the maximum radius. Also, with the presence of an air bubble, the lifetime of the smaller cavitation bubble is extended while that of the bigger ones reduced. Furthermore, it is shown in the experiment that the low pressure formed in the opposite direction to the cavitation bubble micro jet makes the air bubble in the low pressure area being stretched into a steplike shape. 相似文献
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RUAN Shi-ping WU Jian-hua WU Wei-wei XI Ru-ze 《水动力学研究与进展(B辑)》2007,19(3):330-334
The selection of the configuration and size of an aerator was of importance for a tunnel spillway under the conditions of high speed flows. Experimental investigations were conducted on the effects of entrained air on the tunnel spillway in the Goupitan Project, based on the criterion of gravity similarity and the condition of aerated flow velocity of over 6 m/s, with physical models. The configurations of the aerators were presented of a larger bottom air concentration, to protect the tunnel spillway from cavitation as well as to see no water fills in the grooves. 相似文献
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DONG Zhi-yong SU Pei-lan 《水动力学研究与进展(B辑)》2006,18(4):499-504
1. INTRODUCTION So far a lot of high dams that are greater than 100 m in height have been constructed in China. And many super high dams over 200 m in height, such as those at the Ertan and Longtan Hydropower Stations, were completed or are under construc… 相似文献
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通过试验室研究,借助高速数码摄像机,结合面向对象的VC高级编程技术,开发掺气浓度图像分析软件,提出一种自动识别水气二相流中气泡的数字图像处理方法,并进一步给出计算二维、瞬时掺气浓度场的算法。图像处理技术与水气两相流实测研究相结合的尝试和探索,体现了多学科的交叉。研究成果将提高对高速水流掺气机理的认识,为今后进一步深入研究图像处理技术在水流流场特别是高速水气两相流流场测量中的应用打下良好的基础,对提高掺气浓度的测量水平和精度,进而提高水力模型试验水平、满足工程设计要求等都具有较高的学术意义和实用价值。 相似文献