膜技术在四川垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理中的应用

结合四川省生活垃圾渗滤液处理情况以及膜技术在渗滤液处理工程应用的实例,重点对比和分析了3家典型渗滤液处理工程工艺特点,实例证明膜技术在渗滤液处理中的应用能使渗滤液出水达到生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准(GB 16889-2008)中相关排放标准,为我国新建或改扩建垃圾渗滤液工程工艺技术的选择提供借鉴。     

膜技术处理垃圾渗滤液特性分析

随着人们对环境污染问题的日益重视,垃圾渗滤液所产生问题得到越来越广泛的关注。在制定更严格的垃圾渗滤液排放标准的同时,我们对垃圾渗滤液的处理技术和工艺有更高的要求。本文简要概述了垃圾渗滤液的形成原因以及污染物的成分以及目前垃圾渗滤液的主要处理方式,膜技术分离垃圾渗滤液中无机盐分和重金属的优缺点,并分析比较了纳滤分离后浓缩液的国内外主要处理方法。膜技术在处理垃圾渗滤液中具有很好的处理效果和优势。     

膜分离技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

垃圾渗滤液是一种重污染的有毒有机废水,对生态环境造成了严重的威胁。本文综述了垃圾渗滤液现有的膜处理技术,与传统处理工艺相比,膜技术具有低能高效等优点,是未来渗滤液处理技术的重要发展方向。由于垃圾渗滤液组成的复杂性,根据不同处理目的,微滤膜(MF)、超滤膜(UF)、纳滤膜(NF)和反渗透膜(RO)4种膜在垃圾渗滤液处理中都得到了一定的应用。总结发现,其中MF和UF对渗滤液的处理效果较差,一般作为渗滤液的预处理技术;NF和RO对渗滤液的处理效果较好,主要作为其深度处理技术。然而,膜污染阻碍了膜技术在渗滤液处理方面的发展与应用,为此可通过研究开发新型膜材料、有效的预处理技术和膜分离工艺优化等方面来防止膜污染的发生,以便膜技术在渗滤液及其他水处理方面得到更加广泛的应用。     

膜分离技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用罗丹，晏云鹏，全学军

垃圾渗滤液是一种重污染的有毒有机废水,对生态环境造成了严重的威胁。本文综述了垃圾渗滤液现有的膜处理技术,与传统处理工艺相比,膜技术具有低能高效等优点,是未来渗滤液处理技术的重要发展方向。由于垃圾渗滤液组成的复杂性,根据不同处理目的,微滤膜（MF）、超滤膜（UF）、纳滤膜（NF）和反渗透膜（RO）4种膜在垃圾渗滤液处理中都得到了一定的应用。总结发现,其中MF和UF对渗滤液的处理效果较差,一般作为渗滤液的预处理技术;NF和RO对渗滤液的处理效果较好,主要作为其深度处理技术。然而,膜污染阻碍了膜技术在渗滤液处理方面的发展与应用,为此可通过研究开发新型膜材料、有效的预处理技术和膜分离工艺优化等方面来防止膜污染的发生,以便膜技术在渗滤液及其他水处理方面得到更加广泛的应用。     

膜技术在处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水中的应用

垃圾渗滤液是一种高污染、难处理的废水,仅凭生物处理很难实现达标排放,其生化出水往往仍需要进行深度处理。膜技术尤其是纳滤、反渗透、正渗透等在垃圾渗滤液生化出水处理中具有独特的优势。本文分析了垃圾渗滤液生化出水的水质特性及处理技术,详细综述了纳滤、反渗透、正渗透在处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水方面的应用研究进展,对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

浅谈垃圾渗滤液的水质特征与处理工艺

垃圾渗滤液是一种高浓度的有机废水,处理难度大,如何有效处理垃圾渗滤液是我国目前垃圾填埋场面临的一个难题。分析了渗滤液的水质特征以及危害性,归纳总结渗滤液常规处理办法,如物化法、生化法以及目前正在发展的膜技术等,介绍不同技术的特点,对我国渗滤液处理技术存在的问题以及今后发展的方向进行展望。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究

文章在分析垃圾渗滤液水质特征的基础上,着重介绍了近年来国内外该类废水处理过程中常用的各种预处理、生物法、膜技术及其他组合工艺技术,提出了目前在垃圾渗滤液处理中存在的主要问题。     

膜技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

介绍了微滤膜、超滤膜、纳滤膜和反渗透膜的基本性质,综述了膜技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用和实际运行中膜污染问题与解决方法。     

膜处理技术在城市垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

对我国垃圾填埋场渗滤液的特性和处理现状进行了阐述和总结。以反渗透处理技术为例,重点介绍了膜处理技术在城市垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用。分析了膜处理技术的优势并提出膜处理技术在未来城市垃圾渗滤液处理中的发展趋势。     

垃圾渗滤液污染土壤的生物修复技术的研究

垃圾卫生填埋因操作简单、处理量大而成为我国处理城市生活垃圾的主要方法,其所产生的垃圾渗滤液因含有高浓度的有机污染物对地表水、地下水及土壤环境产生严重的污染。文章概述了垃圾渗滤液的产生及其对环境的影响;介绍了垃圾渗滤液的修复技术;重点阐述了垃圾渗滤液在土壤环境中的吸附行为与生物降解及其在土壤中的迁移行为,以及生物修复技术处理垃圾渗滤液污染土壤的机理和处理效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。