基于弱光栅阵列的增强相位敏感光时域反射仪振动传感系统

设计了一种基于弱光纤布拉格光栅阵列的增强相位敏感光时域反射仪(?-OTDR)振动传感系统,以反射率较大的弱光纤光栅反射信号代替?-OTDR中的瑞利散射信号,利用相邻弱光纤光栅反射信号间干涉信号的强度变化来判断光纤线路上振动事件的情况,并采用时分复用技术对振动点进行精确定位。结果表明,该系统在面向振动信号的检测与解调方面比?-OTDR更为简便,同时能实现分布式测量,并能解调出频率范围为10~500Hz的任意振动信号,在周界安防领域具有实际应用价值。     

基于弱光栅阵列低成本大长周界系统及其报警机制

基于弱光栅阵列技术和相位敏感光时域反射仪(Φ-OTDR)设计了一种低成本大长周界安防系统。系统利用光栅位置和时分复用技术实现对振动点的定位,依据光栅反射的回光与其两侧光纤的背向瑞利散射光相干涉的原理,解调得到的振动信号信噪比约为30 dB。使用光栅间距为5 m的光缆进行频率为10～90 Hz的振动解调测试,解调结果显示,系统具有优秀的频率响应特性。同时,对周界安防报警系统的报警算法进行了测试,测试结果表明,该系统的误报率在10%以内,漏报率为0。此系统探测长度可达50 km,远长于现有的光纤周界产品,而且解调方式简单、成本较低,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于Φ-OTDR的分布式光纤扰动传感系统研究现状

基于相位敏感光时域反射计(Φ-OTDR)的分布式光纤扰动传感系统一直是扰动监测方面的研究热点。通过对比与传统光时域反射计(OTDR)的区别,介绍了Φ-OTDR传感系统的结构和工作原理。根据其发展动态,以提高传感距离和定位精度为目的,从Φ-OTDR系统结构的改进出发,分别论述了传统式、拉曼式、布里渊式和级联式四种典型的Φ-OTDR扰动传感系统的工作原理及研究现状,总结了各自的优缺点,为在实际应用中选择合适的系统结构提供了方向,最后展望了基于Φ-OTDR的分布式光纤扰动传感系统的应用前景。     

基于脉冲调制的Φ-OTDR研究综述

基于相位敏感光时域反射计（Φ-OTDR）的分布式光纤振动传感系统向传感光纤中注入探测光脉冲,通过测量光脉冲传输过程中产生的背向瑞利散射光的波动实现对入侵扰动的识别和定位,故探测光脉冲对Φ-OTDR系统性能有重要影响。介绍了Φ-OTDR基于光脉冲调制方面的研究进展,其中包括光脉冲的宽度、频率、形状以及消光比等参数对Φ-OTDR系统性能影响机理,以及通过脉冲调制优化Φ-OTDR系统信噪比、报警率、空间分辨率、响应带宽等参数以及恢复振动信号波形方面的研究进展。旨在通过光脉冲调制实现Φ-OTDR系统多项性能指标同步提升提供新思路,进一步推动Φ-OTDR的工程应用。     

基于相位解调的相位敏感光时域反射计研究

基于相位敏感的光时域反射计（Φ-OTDR）通过发射光脉冲到传感光纤内,利用分析传感光纤的后向瑞利散射光或前向散射光的方法对入侵扰动事件进行识别和定位。对比其他光纤分布式传感技术,Φ-OTDR能够长距离分布式多点测量,精度高、可靠性好,研究Φ-OTDR具有重要的应用价值。本文介绍了Φ-OTDR的基本原理、结构、系统性能、信号解调和应用情况,并对Φ-OTDR技术进行了展望。     

Φ-OTDR分布式光纤传感系统的关键技术研究

提出了一种基于Φ-OTDR(相位敏感光时域反射计)技术的Φ-OTDR分布式光纤振动传感技术,该技术能够方便地进行入侵定位。介绍了Φ-OTDR分布式光纤振动传感系统的传感机理,论述了光纤传感采集系统的硬件和软件设计。试验结果表明,该系统可对通信光缆不同位置的入侵事件自动识别预警,显示险情位置,测量距离大于60km,定位精度10m。     

弱反射光纤布拉格光栅传感信号监测

为解决传统方法去噪处理后,随着噪声的消失有部分弱反射信号也会随之丢失的问题,提出一种弱反射光纤布拉格光栅传感信号监测方法。由于传感信号的强弱主要以噪声背景下信号有效波幅度的大小为衡量标准,因此,分别研究布拉格光纤光栅传感信号和噪声信号的波长特征。使用随机共振法对信号和噪声进行非线性处理,处理后的噪声能量会转化为信号能量,使弱反射信号的幅值放大,继而产生与力学相似的共振输出,提高信噪比,实现弱反射传感信号的监测。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法具有一定的有效性,与传统方法比较监测的效果更好,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

相位敏感OTDR和布里渊OTDR结合的双参量分布式光纤传感的研究

在分布式光纤传感及应用中,单一传感系统一般只能实现一种参量的监测,如相位敏感光时域反射计(Φ-OTDR)只能监测光纤沿线的振动信息,布里渊光时域反射计(BOTDR)仅能监测应变/温度信息.对于多参量监测的应用场合,必须通过配合多种技术和系统来实现多参量监测和分析,增加监测成本和复杂性.设计并搭建了一种集成Φ-OTDR和...     

基于自外差探测的多光纤光栅远程传感系统

提出并实验证明了一种基于自外差探测和波长扫描技术的光纤布拉格光栅远距离传感系统。该系统将远程光纤光栅阵列的反射信号光与本地参考光进行差频探测,并通过声光调制器对探测光的频移及脉冲进行调制,有效地提高了系统的探测灵敏度和传感距离。在没有放大的情况下,在171km的探测距离处,光纤光栅传感器的反射布拉格波长信号的信噪比达到33dB。该系统可以准确地绘制出远端光纤光栅阵列的反射谱,实验结果显示两个光纤光栅的布拉格波长与温度均成良好的线性关系,且传感灵敏度为11pm/℃。     

基于改进变分模态分解的Ф-OTDR信号去噪方法

针对相位敏感光时域反射仪(Ф-OTDR)信号信噪比过低的问题,提出了一种基于改进变分模态分解(VMD)结合独立成分分析(ICA)的去噪方法。首先,采用模拟退火方法(SA)对VMD进行优化;然后,采用SA-VMD将预处理后的Ф-OTDR信号分解成一系列本征模态分量(IMF),并根据相关准则选取IMF分量进行虚拟噪声重构;最后,将原始信号与虚拟噪声作为ICA的输入,去除信号中的噪声,提高信号信噪比。采用自行设计的相干Ф-OTDR系统进行实验验证,结果表明,该方法能够有效去除噪声,与EMD-ICA和SA-VMD方法相比,信噪比提高了4dB,这对系统的实际应用具有重要意义。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.