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为了研究强磁场处理对原油防蜡效果的影响,根据正交实验设计法选择了磁处理条件。通过测量磁处理前后原油的冷却曲线,得到了孤岛脱气原油的磁处理优化参数,即磁感应强度200mT,蜂数4蜂,磁处理温度70℃;并分析了影响磁处理防蜡效果的因素。结果表明,磁感应强度和磁化温度是影响防蜡效果的重要因素,但是磁感应强度并不是越高越理想。 相似文献
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Adsorption of surfactants on minerals for wettability control in improved oil recovery processes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chemical-flooding schemes for recovering residual oil have been in general less than satisfactory due to loss of chemicals by adsorption on reservoir rocks, precipitation, and resultant changes in rock wettability. Adsorption and wettability changes are determined mainly by the chemical structure and mix of the surfactants, surface properties of the rock, composition of the oil and reservoir fluids, nature of the polymers added and solution conditions such as salinity, pH and temperature. The mineralogical composition of reservoir rocks plays an important role in determining interactions between reservoir minerals and externally added reagents (surfactants/polymers) and their effects on solid–liquid interfacial properties such as surface charge and wettability. Some of the reservoir minerals can be sparingly soluble causing precipitation and changes in wettabilty as well as drastic depletion of surfactants/polymers.Most importantly, the effect of surfactants on wettability depends not only how much is adsorbed but also on how they adsorb. A water wetted rock surface that is beneficial for displacement of oil can be obtained by manipulating the orientation of the adsorbed layers. New surfactants capable of tolerating harsh conditions created by extremes of pH, temperature or inorganics and capable of interacting favorably with inorganics and polymers are promising for enhanced oil recovery. In this regard, such surfactants as sugar based ones and pyrrolidones are attracting attention, as they are also biodegradable. In many cases, mixed surfactants perform much better than single surfactants due to synergetic effects and ability to alleviate precipitation. Also, addition of inorganics such as silicates, phosphates and carbonates and polymers such as lignins can be used to control the adsorption and the wettability. In this paper, use of specialty surfactants and their mixtures is discussed along with the mechanisms involved. 相似文献
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油田注水集输系统离心泵调速节能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
油田注水集输系统离心泵由于载荷经常变化 ,大多不能在其额定工况点工作 ,泵效低 ,且需要用泵出口阀调节流量 ,产生一定的泵管压差 ,造成较大的能量损失。为此 ,开展了定速泵调速节能研究。介绍了变极调速、变频调速和液力调速离合器调速 3种调速方法及相应的节能计算公式。对在单元制系统中调速离心泵的运行经济性、调速范围和母管制系统中离心泵的调速所带来的问题进行了探讨。指出双速电动机用于输油泵的调速时 ,应选用转矩按转速平方降低特性的电动机 ;调速泵的运行经济性受到管路阻力特性曲线的限制 ,其调速范围受到管路阻力特性曲线、系统所需扬程和泵运行特性的限制 ;在母管制系统中把部分定速泵改为调速泵时 ,应将性能较高的定速泵改为调速泵 相似文献
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油田开发后期油井清蜡防蜡方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
油田开发过程中油井结蜡现象普遍存在,严重影响了油井的正常生产。为此,分析了油田开发后期油井的结蜡机理和影响因素。简要介绍了国外最新应用的清蜡、防蜡方法,诸如油井油管注入阀清蜡、负压冲击清蜡、井下就地产热清蜡、油井直接电加热清蜡和使杆管表面亲水防蜡等。指出了只有正确认识油田开发规律,采取有针对性的清防蜡方法,才能保证油田的正常生产。 相似文献
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主要介绍了先进控制系统在中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司Ⅰ套蜡油催化裂化(FCC)装置上的工业应用情况。针对FCC装置的实际工艺条件与控制目标,论述了先进控制系统的组成和控制策略,分别讨论了反应再生、分馏系统和吸收稳定系统的先进控制问题。先进控制的应用可以克服各种干扰因素,保证被控变量(温度、液位和产品质量等)的平稳,提高装置的操作与维护水平。应用结果表明,该系统实现了装置的平稳控制,系统投运率达到98%以上,减少了操作人员的工作强度,实现了质量卡边控制、提高高价值产品收率和节能降耗的目标,总液收率达到90.60%,比投用前提高了0.73%,能耗降低了82.89 MJ/t,每年可降低成本10.13×106RMB$。 相似文献
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根据油气井防砂综合决策的基本理念,从定性经验出砂预测、出砂临界生产压差预测、实际出砂半径及出砂量预测等4个层面系统地研究了出砂预测技术。提出了一套基于综合模糊评判与B-P神经网络的防砂工艺方案决策的过程与方法,给出了以防砂筛管防砂精度设计及砾石尺寸优选为核心的防砂工艺参数优化设计理论与方法,建立了一套可用于各种防砂工艺的产能评价及预测模型。基于防砂措施对油气井生产动态的影响体现在挡砂效果、增产效果和改善井底流动条件效果3个方面,提出了一套防砂效果综合评价技术体系及相关的评价标准。在此基础上,开发了油气井防砂综合决策系统平台—Sandcontrol Office,介绍了其基本模块与功能及应用情况。 相似文献
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二连油田各区块的出砂情况各不相同,可以分为3种类型,一是蒙古林油田主要是无机调剖剂的产出(粒径在0.05~3 mm不等);二是锡林油田主要是套管损坏后,管外的水泥环被破坏,油井产出物为水泥浆夹带地层岩屑(粒径在0.03~8mm不等);三是哈南与阿南油田主要是地层中的松散砂粒.这些出砂没有形成规模,只出现在个别的井组和单井.因此本着少投入,多产出的原则,对国内的机械防砂和化学防砂技术进行了对比,取其长处,形成了适合二连油田的筛管悬挂式防砂工艺、简易防砂管柱技术和防砂泵防砂3项技术.通过现场应用较好地解决了不同出砂井的问题,提高了生产时率. 相似文献
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以港口浦油库消防系统实施自动化改造为例,重点介绍了设置自动报警装置和实现消防泵房自动化的一些基本做法,如采用压力式泡沫比例混合装置,自动启闭的阀门,设置恒压系统,对消防水池进行配套改造等。此外,还介绍了实现消防自动化的发展方向。 相似文献
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为解决缝洞型油藏因见水和含水上升导致的产量递减,在现有常规砂岩油藏流势表征的基础上,根据缝洞型油藏的地质特征,提出了相应的流势表征新方法,并通过计算和模拟,明确了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏流势主要由位能和压能构成。基于流势是控制地下流体流动的决定性因素,提出了通过改变生产压差实现流势调控从而改变流体流动方向的控水技术策略,形成了与水侵方向和水体强弱相关的选井和调整设计等流势调控的关键技术。最后通过实例分析进一步论证了流势调控是缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏控水稳油的一种有效手段,截至目前在塔河油田已经实施13单元,11单元有效,累计增油近10万t。 相似文献
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Variations in wetting behavior of mixed-wet cores resulting from probe oil solvency and exposure to synthetic oil-based mud emulsifiers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mixed wettability (MXW) results from adsorption from crude oil on rock surface which is not overlain by bulk water. Crude oil/brine/rock interactions and their effect on oil recovery are often investigated after replacing the crude oil with a mineral oil. If crude oil is displaced directly by mineral oil, extreme wettability alteration, referred to as MXW-DF (direct flood), is observed. Less change is observed if an intermediate solvent, such as decalin, is used to avoid destabilization of asphaltenes contained in the crude oil; wettability conditions attained by this treatment are referred to as MXW-F (film). The oil used in a displacement test is referred to as the probe oil, the most common choice being either crude oil or mineral oil. There is strong practical interest in developing MXW-F cores that have wetting properties that are comparable to wettability at reservoir conditions. The main objective of this work is to compare the effect of probe oil solvency, characterized by refractive index, on wetting behavior, characterized by spontaneous imbibition, with MXW wettability given by the parent crude oil. The tested probe oils included mineral oils, alkanes, decalin, toluene, alpha-methylnaphthalene (AMN), crude oils and modified crude oils with both increased and reduced solvency, and base oils and solutions of emulsifiers used in synthetic oil-based mud (SBM) formulations. Wettability established by direct displacement of crude oil with an alkane (MXW-DF) showed systematic increase in water wetness with increase in solvency of the probe oil. Other approaches to tuning MXW-F wettability states by choice of probe oil are also presented. Base oils used in the formulation of SBM had essentially no effect on the imbibition behavior of MXW-F, whereas exposure of MXW-F cores to two kinds of emulsifier resulted in persistently suppressed imbibition for a wide range of probe oils. 相似文献
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稠油热采井氮气泡沫调剖技术研究与应用 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
针对河南稠油热采井的汽窜问题,开展了氮气泡沫调剖技术体系的室内实验及参数优化研究,通过发泡剂的静态性能评价和单双管连续驱替实验,确定了最佳发泡剂质量分数和最佳气液比,优选发泡剂质量分数为0.5%,推导出最佳气液比在地面条件下注氮气量与蒸汽量之比约为40:1左右,单井汽窜的泡沫调剖段塞注入量为0.1 PV左右。2007年,经过现场7口井的氮气泡沫调剖试验,措施有效率85.7%,取得了较好的增油效果,措施后平均单井注汽压力与措施前相比上升0.6 MPa,有效封堵了热采井的汽窜通道。 相似文献