2.45 GHz全集成CMOS功率放大器设计

在一个RF收发机系统中,功率放大器的集成问题一直是难点之一.首先简要介绍开关模式功率放大器及其提高效率的理论基础,然后采用0.18 μm CMOS工艺给出了工作在2.45 GHz的全集成单片功率放大器的设计,并采用ADS仿真软件验证了设计的正确性.     

2.4GHz全集成CMOS Doherty功率放大器

采用0.18μm CMOS工艺设计并制作了一个2.4 GHz全集成CMOS Doherty功率放大器.着重考虑了片上螺旋电感的回流路径对电感模型的影响,并在设计中使用了一种新颖的螺旋电感版图结构来避免回流路径的影响.实测结果表明该功率放大器增益达到16dB,1dB压缩点为20.5dBm,峰值输出功率和对应功率附加效率分别为21.2dBm和20.4％,整个芯片面积为2.8mm×1.7mm.     

60 G Hz 11 dBm CMOS功率放大器设计

近年来60 GHz附近的一个连续频段可以自由使用,这为短距离的无线个域网等高速率传输的应用提供了条件.设计了一个工作在60 GHz的CMOS功率放大器.采用台积电0.13μmRF-CMOS工艺设计制造,芯片面积为0.35mm × 0.4 mm,最大线性输出功率为11 dBm,增益为9.7 dB,漏极增加效率(η_(PAE))为9.1%.达到应用在通信距离为10 m的无线个域网(WPAN)射频电路中的要求.设计中采用了厚栅氧化层工艺器件和Load-Pull方法设计最优化输出阻抗z_(opt),以提高输出功率.该方法能较大提高CMOS功率放大器的输出功率,可以应用到各种CMOS功率放大器设计中.     

24 GHz CMOS功率放大器芯片设计

24 GHz频段在车载雷达和无人机方面应用广泛,但面临着提高集成度、降低成本的挑战,而CMOS毫米波芯片因其成本低和易于系统集成的优点,在毫米波通信系统的应用中占据着越来越重要的地位。因此提出一种基于CMOS工艺的24 GHz功率放大器芯片的设计方法,包括24 GHz功放芯片的应用,以及有源器件的版图对其特征的影响及设计,给出了CMOS毫米波无源器件的特征及建模设计,最后对无源与有源器件进行了联合仿真,得到一个PAE为17%、Pout为10.7 d Bm的单级24 GHz功率放大器芯片。     

一种60 GHz CMOS高效率功率放大器

为了满足短距离无线高速传输的应用需求,基于SMIC 90 nm 1P9M CMOS工艺,设计了一种可工作在60 GHz的功率放大器(PA)。该PA为单端三级级联结构。采用顶层金属方法,设计具有高品质因子的小感值螺旋电感,用于输入、输出和级间匹配电路,以提高电路的整体性能。通过减少传输损耗和输出匹配损耗,提高了附加功率效率。仿真结果表明,在1.2 V电源电压下,该PA的功率增益为17.2 dB,1 dB压缩点的输出功率为8.1 dBm,饱和输出功率为12.1 dBm,峰值功率附加效率为15.7%,直流功耗为70 mW。各性能指标均满足60 GHz通信系统的要求。     

一种基于0.13 μm SiGe工艺的77 GHz功率放大器

提出了一种采用0.13 μm SiGe工艺制作的77 GHz功率放大器。该放大器采用两路合成结构提高输出功率,采用两级差分放大结构提高增益。功率级选择Cascode结构,提升功率级输出阻抗,便于匹配。驱动级选择共射极加中和电容的结构,便于提升增益。在输入端,通过两路耦合线巴伦结构进行功率分配,得到两对差分信号,经过两路放大之后再通过两路耦合线巴伦结构进行功率合成,最后输出信号,级间匹配采用变压器匹配。该功率放大器采用ADS软件仿真。结果表明,在77 GHz的工作频点处,小信号增益为19.6 dB,峰值功率附加效率为11%,饱和输出功率为18.5 dBm。     

CMOS射频功率放大器中的变压器合成技术

设计了一种可在CMOS射频功率放大器中用于功率合成的宽带变压器。通过对变压器的并联和串联两种功率合成形式进行分析与比较,指出了匝数比、功率单元数目以及寄生电阻对变压器功率合成性能的影响;提出了一种片上变压器的设计方法,即采用多层金属叠层并联以及将功放单元内置于变压器线圈中的方式,解决了在CMOS工艺中设计变压器时面临的寄生电阻过大及有效耦合长度不足等困难。设计的变压器在2～3 GHz频段内的损耗小于1.35 dB,其功率合成效率高达76%以上,适合多模多频段射频前端的应用。     

一种65 nm CMOS 60 GHz高增益功率放大器

设计了一种基于65 nm CMOS工艺的60 GHz功率放大器。采用共源共栅结构与电容中和共源级结构相结合的方式来提高功率放大器的增益,并采用两路差分结构来提高输出功率。采用片上变压器作为输入/输出匹配及级间匹配,以减小芯片的面积,从而降低成本。采用Cadence、ADS和Momentum等软件进行联合仿真。后仿真结果表明,在工作频段为60 GHz时,最大小信号增益为26 dB,最大功率附加效率为18.6%,饱和输出功率为15.2 dBm。该功率放大器具有高增益、高效率、低成本等优点。     

5.6GHz CMOS低噪声放大器设计

分析了一种射频COMS共源-共栅低噪声放大器的设计电路,采用TSMC 90nm低功耗工艺实现。仿真结果表明:在5.6GHz工作频率,电压增益约为18.5dB;噪声系数为1.78dB;增益1dB压缩点为-21.72dBm;输入参考三阶交调点为-11.75dBm。在1.2V直流电压下测得的功耗约为25mW。     

2.4 GHz CMOS功率放大器设计

利用CMOS工艺设计的功率放大器具有制造成本低的优点。介绍一种使用中芯国际（SMIC）公司0．18μ CMOS工艺设计的A类功率放大电路。采用单端两级放大。结构简单并且能够稳定工作。该功率放大器中心工作频率为2．4GHz。电路用Cadence公司的SpectreRF工具进行模拟,1dB压缩点输出功率22dBm，最大输出功率24dBm，可应用于蓝牙系统发射模块。     

Ultra-broadband 20.5-31 GHz monolithically-integrated CMOS power amplifier

A fully monolithically-integrated power amplifier with a bandwidth (-3 dB) from 20.5 to 31 GHz was realised in a 0.13 /spl mu/m standard CMOS technology. A maximum power added efficiency of 13% with a corresponding output power of 13 dBm was achieved at 25.7 GHz with 1.5 V supply voltage.     

一种应用于WiMAX协议的全集成3.5GHzCMOS功率驱动放大器

A fully integrated CMOS differential power amplifier driver(PAD) is proposed for WiMAX applications. In order to fulfill the differential application requirements,a transmission line transformer is used as the output matching network.A differential inductance constitutes an inter-stage matching network.Meanwhile,an on chip balun realizes input matching as well as single-end to differential conversion.The PAD is fabricated in a 0.13μm RFCMOS process.The chip size is 1.1×1.1 mm~2 with all of the matching network integrated on chip. The saturated power is around 10 dBm and power gain is about 12 dB.     

基于片上变压器耦合的CMOS功率放大器设计

设计了一个2 GHz全集成的CMOS功率放大器(PA),该PA的匹配网络采用片上变压器实现,片上变压器用来实现单端信号和差分信号之间的转换和输入、输出端的阻抗匹配。采用ADS Momentum软件对片上变压器进行电磁仿真,在2 GHz频点,输入、级间和输出变压器的功率传输效率分别为74.2%,75.5%和78.4%。该PA基于TSMC 65 nm CMOS模型设计,采用Agilent ADS软件进行电路仿真,仿真结果表明:在2.5 V供电电压、2 GHz工作频率点,PA的输入、输出完全匹配到50Ω(S11=–22.4 d B、S22=–13.5 d B),功率增益为33.2 d B,最高输出功率达到23.4 d Bm,最高功率附加效率(PAE)达到35.3%,芯片面积仅为1.01 mm2。     

8mW 17/24 GHz dual-band CMOS low-noise amplifier for ISM-band application

As wireless applications expand, requirements for a radio that can support multi-bands and multi-standards are continuously increasing. In a single-chip radio, a low noise amplifier (LNA) plays an important role in the noise performance or sensitivity of the total receiver chain. Although up to now a number of broadband and dualband LNAs have been reported with good performance in CMOS technology, most previous work has focused on a low frequency range, below 10 GHz. In general a dual-band LNA can be achieved by combining two LNAs in parallel for each narrow band [1]. However, this approach demands twice the power dissipation, a large chip area and therefore a significant increase in cost. Recently the low power and compact-sized dual-band LNA using a switching inductor, capacitor and concurrent method also has been reported [2?4]. In this Letter a low power concurrent dual-band LNA is proposed which is suitable for 17.1?17.3 GHz and 24?24.25 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band application.     

24 GHz low-noise amplifier in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology

A 24 GHz monolithic low-noise amplifier (LNA) is implemented in a standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Measurements show a gain of 12.86 dB and a noise figure of 5.6 dB at 23.5 GHz. The input and output return losses are better than 11 dB and 22 dB across the 22-29 GHz span, respectively. The operation frequency of 24 GHz is believed to be the highest reported for LNA in a standard CMOS technology.     

A fully integrated 24-dBm CMOS power amplifier for 802.11a WLAN applications

A fully integrated 24-dBm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier (PA) for 5-GHz WLAN applications is implemented using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS foundry process. It consists of differential three-stage amplifiers and fully integrated input/output matching circuits. The amplifier shows a P/sub 1/ of 21.8 dBm, power added efficiency of 13%, and gain of 21 dB, respectively. The saturated output power is above 24.1 dBm. This shows the highest output power among the reported 5-GHz CMOS PAs as well as completely satisfying IEEE 802.11a transmitter back off requirement.     

Design of power-controlled class1 Bluetooth CMOS power amplifier

In this paper, an RF power amplifier intended for class 1 Bluetooth application is designed using 0.35 µm CMOS technology. A layout-aware macromodel for the BSIM3v3 MOSFET transistor for RF applications including substrate effect is investigated and used in this design. The model is validated for a 0.35 μm CMOS process using a transistor with total width of 90 μm and 18 fingers and it shows excellent agreement with the f_t and S-parameter measurement data up to 6 GHz. The effects of pads and bond wires are also taken into consideration during the design process of the PA. After post-layout simulations, the amplifier delivers an output power of 19 dBm with 33.7% PAE under 3.3 V supply. This amplifier has a power control feature; its two stage circuit utilizes a cascode configuration in its first stage in order to use its bias pin as a power control input for the amplifier. Using this method, the power control range can be decreased down to 1.4 dBm which satisfies the Bluetooth standard. The chip is fabricated and is currently under testing.     

一种用于RFID读写器的高集成CMOS功率放大器的设计与分析

To implement a fully-integrated on-chip CMOS power amplifier（PA） for RFID readers,the resonant frequency of each matching network is derived in detail.The highlight of the design is the adoption of a bonding wire as the output-stage inductor.Compared with the on-chip inductors in a CMOS process,the merit of the bondwire inductor is its high quality factor,leading to a higher output power and efficiency.The disadvantage of the bondwire inductor is that it is hard to control.A highly integrated class-E PA is implemented with 0.18-μm CMOS process.It can provide a maximum output power of 20 dBm and a 1 dB output power of 14.5 dBm.The maximum power-added efficiency（PAE） is 32.1%.Also,the spectral performance of the PA is analyzed for the specified RFID protocol.