改性RHT-902炸药热分解反应动力学研究

利用布氏压力法对改性RHT-902炸药的热分解放气量进行了测试,并利用由阿累尼乌斯方程推算出的公式以及Berthelot方程分别计算出了改性RHT-902炸药分解反应动力学的基本参数和在不同温度条件下的理论贮存寿命.     

热分析在炸药研制过程中的应用

通过动力学推导,利用热分析方法,从炸药受热分解的角度,提出了一种估算混合炸药贮存寿命的方法;通过对混合炸药起爆机理的分析,提出了判别装药安定性的判据——热起爆临界温度。     

全浸式真空安定性测试技术研究

在火炸药真空安定性试验原理的基础上,针对易挥发和在试验温度下熔化分解的含能材料安定性评价的需求,建立了全浸式真空安定性试验技术(QJ-VST),实时记录样品试验全过程的压力值,避免仅测定试验终点压力值而对样品安定性产生的错误判断,为火炸药材料的安定性研究、等温热分解动力学分析、贮存寿命预估提供了一种新方法。     

一种预估无限水域爆炸气泡脉动周期方法

为真实评估水中爆炸气泡能、准确计算气泡脉动周期,根据水中爆炸已有研究成果和相似理论提出了水中爆炸气泡脉动周期的预估方法。通过3次TNT海中爆炸标定试验,得到TNT炸药气泡脉动周期预估公式,用该公式算得水中TNT爆炸的气泡脉动周期值与实测值的误差为小于1.34%;通过3次Al/RDX/TNT海中爆炸标定试验,得到Al/RDX/TNT炸药气泡脉动周期预估公式,用该公式算得水中Al/RDX/TNT炸药的气泡脉动周期值与实测值的误差为小于1.45%。气泡脉动周期与炸药当量1/3次方成正比,与大气压力折算深度及爆炸深度之和的5/6次方成反比;气泡脉动周期受炸药种类严重影响。炸药的化学特征与脉动周期计算公式具有强关联。采用海中标定的方法,能够精确预估水中爆炸气泡脉动周期,预估值与实测值的误差为小于2.54%,适用于炸药水中爆炸的气泡脉动周期估算。     

二苯胺对硝化棉的等温热分解动力学的影响

为研究二苯胺(DPA)对硝化棉(NC)的等温热分解动力学的影响,采用等温热分解量气装置,获得378.15～398.15 K时NC/DPA(3%)混合样品热分解产生气体的压力随时间变化曲线,该曲线中存在明显的拐点。通过Arrhenius方程和模式配合法获得NC/DPA(3%)混合样品在拐点前和拐点后的等温热分解动力学参数。采用Berthelot方程外推得到不同温度下NC/DPA的贮存寿命。结果表明,拐点前NC/DPA(3%)混合样品的活化能为164.6 kJ·mol~(-1),拐点后NC/DPA(3%)混合样品的活化能为150.4 kJ·mol~(-1);与原料NC相比,拐点前NC/DPA(3%)混合样品的活化能提高17.7 kJ·mol~(-1);以分解深度0.1%作为评判标准,室温下NC/DPA(3%)混合样品可贮存18.3年,表明添加3%DPA后可延长NC贮存寿命7.7年。     

高聚物粘结炸药老化模型比较分析

概述并分析了Arrhenius、时间温度叠加原理和神经网络三种高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)老化模型的建立方法,利用上述方法对HMX基PBX在45～75℃下老化后的质量变化数据建模并预测寿命.上述三种方法预测该炸药在20℃下质量损失0.1％的贮存寿命分别为390 a、490 a和15.2 a.三种方法预测该炸药在50℃和60...     

六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷的热分解反应动力学研究

在真空条件下，用高灵敏度布氏压力计研究了六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HNIW，CL－20）的热分解过程。在110－140℃范围内，分解深度为0．1％时，所需分解温度与时间的关系式为：1gτ＝24．3300＋9971．76／T。从关系式得到表观活化能和表观指前因子，据此推出在70℃时，CL－20的有效储存寿命为43．8年。     

NEPE推进剂无损型贮存寿命预估

为了实现对硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂药柱贮存寿命进行预估时的测量无损性,通过对施加10%定压缩应变的NEPE推进剂进行高温热加速老化实验、气体含量监测实验、单向拉伸力学性能实验,基于相关性分析和寿命预估模型,提出了一种以特征气体含量变化为基础数据的无损型寿命预估模型。结果表明,NEPE推进剂贮存老化过程中,CO气体释放量最大,不同温度条件下的释放量均达到1300 mg以上,且其和NO气体均呈现老化初期释放量增长缓慢,后期迅速增加的规律,HCl气体释放量在老化初期和后期增长较快,老化中期增长较慢;老化初期最大抗拉强度σm和最大延伸率εm小幅增大,老化中期前者小幅震荡,后者逐渐增大,老化后期两者均急剧减小;不同温度条件下CO气体释放量与最大抗拉强度关联度值最大,为0.93～0.95,且两者存在单一相关性;基于传统老化寿命预估模型和改进的老化寿命预估模型,建立了四种NEPE推进剂寿命预估方法,通过相关性系数比较和预估结果分析,得出以CO气体释放量作为预估参数的改进型寿命预估模型的相关性系数最大,寿命预估结果最为有效。     

基于老化修正模型的HTPB推进剂寿命预估

针对Arrhenius方程在端羟基聚丁二烯(Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene,HTPB)推进剂寿命预估方面的局限性,提出了一种老化修正模型。根据高温加速寿命试验数据,对模型参数进行了回归求解,外推出常温25℃条件下HTPB推进剂的贮存寿命为12.79年,与常温外推试验结果的相对误差为9.29%,且预估结果小于常温外推寿命,从安全性的角度上满足实际使用需求。与指数模型、对数模型和线性模型的相关性分析结果表明,老化修正模型的相关系数R0.97,标准差Rstd0.015,回归结果要优于常用的三种老化模型,该模型适用于HTPB推进剂贮存寿命的预估研究。     

Kooij方法预估固体火箭发动机中丁羟包覆层老化寿命

为了准确地预估固体火箭发动机中丁羟包覆层的贮存寿命,开展了50,60,70℃和80℃时的加速老化试验,用对数模型、幂函数模型和指数模型研究了丁羟包覆层的最大延伸率随贮存时间的变化。选取Kooij方程作为丁羟包覆层的老化模型,预估了试样的常温贮存寿命。结果表明,α=0.4时的幂函数模型能描述最大延伸率随时间的变化规律。所得老化反应的表观活化能约为29 kJ·mol~(-1),远小于60 kJ·mol~(-1),表示在50~80℃下进行的老化反应易于发生。以最大延伸率下降50%为失效准则,预估丁羟包覆层的常温贮存寿命为15.62年,能满足包覆层的老化性能要求。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.