Al_9Fe_(0.7)Ni_(1.3)颗粒对固溶态喷射沉积Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ni合金组织和性能的影响（英文）

利用喷射沉积技术制备含Ni的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金。利用扫描电镜和电子背散射衍射、透射电镜以及拉伸测试研究了Al_9Fe_(0.7)Ni_(1.3)颗粒对合金固溶处理后组织和性能的影响。结果发现:合金中的Ni元素以亚微米球状Al_9Fe_(0.7)Ni_(1.3)化合物的形式存在,Al_9Fe_(0.7)Ni_(1.3)颗粒主要在晶界附近分布,说明该颗粒在固溶过程中具有有力的抑制再结晶作用。固溶处理后,合金的抗拉强度为603 MPa,断裂延伸率为11.79%,主要断裂方式为穿晶延性断裂。实验结果表明,亚微米球状Al_9Fe_(0.7)Ni_(1.3)化合物对合金性能有重要影响,可以产生细晶强化和Orowan强化,是合金发生穿晶延性断裂的主要原因。     

Cu-Fe64Ni32Co4合金显微组织及热物理性能研究

本研究利用相图计算的CALPHAD方法和真空电弧熔炼技术,设计并制备了Cu_x(Fe_0.64Ni_0.32Co_0.04)_100-x(x=30, 45, 60, wt. %)系列合金。实验研究了该系列合金在不同热处理工艺时的显微组织,热导率以及热膨胀系数。研究结果表明：Cu-Fe₆₄Ni₃₂Co₄系列合金在600 °C和800 °C时效处理后均为fcc富铜相和fcc富因瓦(铁镍钴)相组成的各向同性的多晶合金。该系列合金在1000 °C淬火并在600 °C时效处理50 h后,其热膨胀系数变化范围为6.88~12.36×10_-6 K_-1;热导率变化范围为22.91~56.13 W.m_-1.K_-1;其热导率明显高于因瓦合金,其中Cu₃₀(Fe_0.64Ni_0.32Co_0.04)₇₀与 Cu₄₅(Fe_0.64Ni_0.32Co_0.04)₅₅合金的热膨胀系数可以与电子封装中半导体材料的热膨胀系数相匹配。     

凝固速度对Ni47Ti44Nb9铸态合金组织和织构的影响

对比研究了Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉合金快冷铸锭和慢冷铸锭的宏、微观组织和织构特点,分析了凝固速度对组织和织构的影响机理。采用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了微观组织,采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了织构。结果表明,铸态Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉合金具有<113>方向的择优生长取向;凝固速度对Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉合金铸态组织和织构的形成具有重要影响,快速冷却条件下获得均匀的树枝晶组织,铸锭的横、纵截面均形成{113}织构,慢速冷却条件下形成具有特定方向的柱状树枝晶,纵截面织构以{113}<361>、{113}<332>和{113}<141>为主;凝固过程中热量方向性传导造成的树枝晶定向生长是影响合金铸态组织和织构形成的主要原因。     

La2O3含量对搅拌摩擦加工制备Ni /Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工方法在Al基体中添加不同La₂O₃含量的混合粉末(Ni+La₂O₃),制备 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料。采用SEM、EDS、 EPMA及XRD对复合区微观结构及相组成进行分析,采用室温拉伸试验对 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,随着La₂O₃含量的增加,(Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料的组织和性能先变好后变差。当La₂O₃添加量达到5%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒分布均匀、颗粒数量最多,块状的Ni粉团聚减少,其抗拉强度达到最大值215MPa,相比Ni/Al复合材料(抗拉强度176MPa),其抗拉强度提高了22%;当La₂O₃的添加量为7%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒含量减少,块状Ni粉团聚重新出现,抗拉强度下降至201MPa。     

硅对高硅奥氏体不锈钢析出相的影响

采用XRD、TEM和压痕变形等方法研究了Si含量（4%~8%,质量分数）对高硅奥氏体不锈钢（ZeCorn）显微组织的影响。结果表明,Si含量的增加会导致ZeCor合金的相组成发生变化：ZeCor-4%Si合金组织为单相奥氏体（γ相）,ZeCor-6%Si合金主要含γ相和少量σ相,在ZeCor-8%Si合金中主要析出Cr₃Ni₅Si₂相和少量σ相。此外,Cr₃Ni₅Si₂与σ相相比具有更高的硅、镍含量。显微硬度HV高达7840 MPa的Cr₃Ni₅Si₂相是典型的硬脆相,该相的析出将大大提高ZeCor-8%Si合金中γ基体的显微硬度。ZeCor合金中γ基体的强化机制如下：固溶强化是ZeCor-6%Si合金的主要强化机制,而Si的固溶强化和Cr₃Ni₅Si₂的析出强化机制都大大提高ZeCor-8%Si合金中的γ基体的显微硬度。在ZeCor-8%Si合金中,Cr₃Ni₅Si₂相起显著作用。     

Fe2O3-CaO-TiO2 体系下铁酸钙的合成过程及TiO2 和CaTiO3 的影响

为了确定高钛型钒钛磁铁矿烧结过程中铁酸钙的生成是受TiO₂还是TiO₂和CaO形成的CaTiO₃影响,首先利用Fe₂O₃和CaO的纯试剂合成了铁酸钙,并研究了TiO₂和CaTiO₃对钛铁酸钙 （FCT） 形成的影响。在Factsage 7.0软件进行热力学计算的基础上,通过在空气气氛下进行烧结,获得了在1023~1423 K温度范围内、不同烧结时间的不同样品。通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜-能谱分析等表征手段,对烧结样品的物相转变和微观结构变化进行了表征。发现FCT的形成过程主要分为2个阶段：前一阶段为1023~1223 K温度范围内Fe₂O₃与CaO之间的反应,合成产物为Ca₂Fe₂O₅,反应方程式为“Fe₂O₃(s)+ 2CaO(s)= Ca₂Fe₂O₅(s)”;后一阶段为1223~1423 K温度范围内Ca₂Fe₂O₅和Fe₂O₃的反应,主要产物为CaFe₂O₄,反应为“Ca₂Fe₂O₅(s)+ Fe₂O₃(s)= 2CaFe₂O₄(s)”,该阶段尤其是温度为1423 K时,反应速率显著加快,随温度的升高CaTiO₃显著增加。然而,Ti元素在铁酸钙中的固溶很难实现,TiO₂与铁酸钙之间的反应不是形成FCT的有效途径。随着保温时间的延长,CaTiO₃和FCT相界中Fe元素含量增加。FCT主要是通过Fe组分在CaTiO₃中固溶形成的,主要反应是“Fe₂O₃+CaTiO₃(s)=FCT(s)”。     

Fe3O4/SiO2/Bi2WO6磁性复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆),结构最简单的Aurivillius相化合物,是近期受到研究者关注的新型光催化材料。然而,光催化剂粉末在反应介质中难被回收,工业化应用成本较高。本文用三步方法合成了可回收的Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆磁性复合光催化剂,通过溶剂热法合成具有磁性的Fe₃O₄,用溶胶凝胶法在Fe₃O₄表面覆盖SiO₂层,后将磁性颗粒与Bi₂WO₆纳米片相结合。光催化剂的形貌结构及性能通过XRD、SEM、PL、UV-vis进行表征测试。结果表明,直径约500 nm的Fe₃O₄微球附着在边长约500 nm的Bi₂WO₆纳米片的表面,SiO₂在两者之间起到了粘连作用。光催化剂Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆对于罗丹明B的光降解活性较好,且有一定磁性,可以通过外加磁场将其从溶液中分离,有较大的应用潜力。     

Al0.7Sb2Te3三元靶材的结构性能表征

以原子比Al:Sb:Te=0.7:2:3的混和粉为原料,采用真空合成法与烧结-热等静压制备Al_0.7Sb₂Te₃三元靶材,通过XRD、FESEM、EDS、XPS等手段表征其性能,且重点采用XPS研究Al在Al_0.7Sb₂Te₃三元靶材的存在状态。结果表明：Al掺杂后,靶材主相Sb₂Te₃的晶格常数减小,且单质Al弥散相与Al_0.1Sb₂Te₃基体相共存,表明掺杂对靶材的组织结构确有影响;刻蚀深度从0增加至405.9nm,Al价态从以Al₂O₃的化合态为主逐渐过渡至以单质态为主,且Al以Al₂O₃形态为主的区域深度约90nm;刻蚀深度为405.9nm时,来自非氧化物的Al价态与来自AlSb的Sb价态联合表明：Al_0.1Sb₂Te₃中的Al通过有效化合形成AlSb影响着靶材的组织结构。     

BN/Al2O3 复合粉末及其聚合物基复合材料的制备与导热性能

采用固-液相共混法制备了多种BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,通过冻融法和表面修饰法对BN进行了改性处理,改变表面修饰剂类型和摩尔比得到了前驱体和烧结态BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,并利用机械混合法制备了聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料,并测试分析了其导热性能。结果表明,经冻融处理的BN分散性和界面相容性明显优于未经冻融处理的BN。多巴胺对BN的改性效果优于聚乙二醇。采用多巴胺作为表面修饰剂且BN与Al(NO₃)₃的摩尔比为1:1时,能够得到纳米Al₂O₃均匀包覆的微米BN粉末,即BN/Al₂O₃微纳复合粉末,其聚合物基复合材料的导热系数可达0.62 W·m^-1·K^-1,是纯聚合物导热系数的3倍,是采用纯微米BN粉末制备的聚合物基复合材料导热系数的1.5倍。在BN表面附着的Al₂O₃可以形成层状热传导通道,能够有效提高聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料的热导率。     

激光熔覆纳米 Al2O3颗粒增强 Ni 基合金涂层界面组织和高温热腐蚀性能

目的 研究纳米颗粒对 Ni 基合金涂层抗热腐蚀性能的影响。 方法 采用压片预置式激光熔覆工艺,制备了纳米 Al₂O₃ 颗粒增强的 NiCoCrAlY 合金涂层,对熔覆层界面区组织及裂纹进行了显微分析,进行了 1000 益 高温熔盐热腐蚀性能试验。 结果 加入纳米 Al₂O₃ 颗粒的激光熔覆涂层界面区未出现明显缺陷,其热腐蚀失重速率远远低于未加纳米颗粒的涂层,腐蚀表面未出现严重的隆起和剥落,腐蚀层深度小。 结论 添加适量纳米 Al₂O₃ 颗粒对 NiCoCrAlY 合金激光熔覆层界面区裂纹的形成有一定的抑制作用,可使熔覆层的抗高温热腐蚀性能明显提高。     

Influences of annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-La2O3

Influences of annealing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-La₂O₃ were investigated. Effects of annealing temperature on tensile properties, fracture toughness, and microhardness are discussed. Microstructure and fracture morphology of Mo alloys are observed by optical microscope, SEM, and TEM. The results indicate that grain size increased while tensile strength, fracture toughness, and microhardness decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Larger La₂O₃ particles are located at grain boundaries or sub-boundaries, while the majority of smaller La₂O₃ particles are located within the grain. The strengthening effect is quantitatively assessed, which yielded a predicted yield strength in good agreement with measurements.     

ZrO2对钼铼合金微观组织与性能的影响

钼铼合金具有优良的力学性能和机加工性能,是电子、核工业等领域关键的结构材料。在钼铼合金中加入氧化锆,形成弥散强化作用,并结合形变强化来提高材料的力学性能。研究发现,合金粉粒度随着ZrO₂含量的增加而减小,在含量为0.7%时晶粒尺寸最细小均匀;ZrO₂颗粒在合金的变形和断裂过程中表现出钉扎效应,显著提升合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后延伸率等力学性能;ZrO₂强化钼铼合金的抗拉强度和断后延伸率在ZrO₂含量为0.7%时达到最高值,随后减少;ZrO₂基本弥散分布在晶界处并与钼基体形成良好结合界面,可以抑制晶界的迁移,提高钼合金的变形抗力。     

YbB6 对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金组织和性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）制备了含YbB₆的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金,并研究了YbB₆对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着YbB₆含量的增加,复合材料的显微组织发生转变,晶粒明显细化,原位反应生成的TiB晶须和Yb₂O₃颗粒有利于复合材料力学性能的提高。此外,当添加0.6%（质量分数）YbB₆后,烧结样品的相对密度、显微硬度、屈服强度、极限拉伸强度和延伸率分别为99.43%、4030 MPa、903 MPa、1148 MPa和3.3%。与Ti-6Al-4V试样相比,其数值分别提高了0.37%、13.8%、38.07%和17.14%。强化机制主要是组织转变、晶粒细化和弥散强化。随着YbB₆含量的增加,断裂方式主要为韧性断裂和脆性断裂。     

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing process

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing process were evaluated under as-prepared and heat-treated conditions. A dendritic Ni-based solid solution phase along with (Nb, Ti)C carbide, Laves, and δ-Ni₃Nb secondary phases were developed in the microstructure of the as-prepared alloy. Solution heat treatment led to the dissolution of Laves and Ni₃Nb phases. In addition, dendrites were replaced with large columnar grains. Aging heat treatment resulted in the formation of grain boundary M₂₃C₆ carbide and nanometric γ″ precipitates. Hardness, yield and tensile strengths, as well as elongation of the as-prepared part, were close to those of the cast alloy and its fracture occurred in a transgranular ductile mode. Solution heat treatment improved hardness and yield strength and declined the elongation, but it did not have a considerable impact on the tensile strength. Furthermore, aging heat treatment caused the tensile properties to deteriorate and changed the fracture to a mixture of transgranular ductile and intergranular brittle mode.     

Effect of applied current on the electrodeposited Ni-Al2O3 composite coatings

Nano-sized Al₂O₃ ceramic particles (50 nm) were co-deposited with nickel using electrodeposition technique to develop composite coatings. The coatings were produced in an aqueous nickel bath at different current densities and the research investigated the effect of applied current on microstructure and thickness of the coatings. The variation in some mechanical properties such as hardness, wear resistance, and the adhesive strength of the composite coatings is influenced by the applied current and this was also studied. The morphology of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The hardness, wear resistance, and bond strength of the coatings were evaluated by Vickers micro-hardness test, pin-on-disc test, and tensile test, respectively. Results showed that the Al₂O₃ particles were uniformly distributed in the coatings, and the coatings deposited at a current density of 0.01 A/cm² was most favorable in achieving a maximum current efficiency which causes the co-deposition of a maximum amount of Al₂O₃ particles (4.3 wt.%) in the coatings. The increase in Al₂O₃ particles in the coatings increased the mechanical properties of the Ni-Al₂O₃ composite coatings by grain refining and dispersion strengthening mechanisms.     

Effects of CeO2 additive on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ TiB2/Al composite

In this paper, CeO₂ was investigated as an additive for in situ preparation of TiB₂/Al composite using an exothermic reaction process via K₂TiF₆ and KBF₄ salts. Experimental results indicated that when 0.5 wt.% CeO₂ additive was added, the dispersion of TiB₂ particles was improved significantly. Meanwhile, α-Al matrix grain was further refined. Compared with the composite without CeO₂, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus and tensile elongation increased by 8%, 7%, 26% and 14%, respectively in as-cast condition, and the tensile fracture behavior of the composite with CeO₂ belonged to a typical ductile fracture with microvoid coalescence.     

Preparation, microstructure and properties of molybdenum alloys reinforced by in-situ Al2O3 particles

The conventional molybdenum alloys, lacking of hard particles enhancing wear property, have relative poor wear resistance though they are widely used in wear parts. To resolve the above question, Mo alloys reinforced by in-situ Al₂O₃ particles are developed using powder metallurgy method. The in-situ α-Al₂O₃ particles in molybdenum matrix are obtained by the decomposition of aluminum nitrate after liquid-solid incorporation of MoO₂ and Al(NO₃)₃ aqueous solution. The α-Al₂O₃ particles well bonded with molybdenum distribute evenly in matrix of Mo alloys, which refine grains of alloys and increase hardness of alloys. The absolute density of alloy increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of Al₂O₃ content, while the relative density rises continuously. The friction coefficient of alloy, fluctuating around 0.5, is slightly influenced by Al₂O₃. However, the wear resistance of alloy obviously affected by the Al₂O₃ particles rises remarkably with the increasing of Al₂O₃ content. The Al₂O₃ particles can efficiently resist micro-cutting to protect molybdenum matrix, and therefore enhances the wear resistance of Mo alloy.     

Mechanical behavior and microstructure of Al-10wt.%Nb alloy fabricated by Mechanical Alloying

Al-10%Nb alloy powders were fabricated by mechanical alloying and their mechanical behavior and microstructure were investigated by means of tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. An intermetallic compound of Al₃Nb was partially formed in the mechanically alloyed powders. The grain size was 50 run after mechanical alloying for 20 hours, and increased to 500 nm after hot extrusion at 400°C. However the 20 size of the intermetallic compounds of precipitated Al₃Nb in an Al matrix, did not vary with hot extrusion. The density of the consolidated Al-Nb alloy was over 97% relatively with hot extrusion. Both the tensile strength and elongation decreased at the elevated temperature. As the temperature increased, the dimples in the fracture surface were large and of coalescent shape, and the fracture was caused by the precipitated phases of Al₃Nb.     

The synergistic ability of Al2O3 nanoparticles to enhance mechanical response of hybrid alloy AZ31/AZ91

AZ31/AZ91 hybrid alloy nanocomposite containing Al₂O₃ nanoparticle reinforcement was fabricated using solidification processing followed by hot extrusion. The nanocomposite exhibited similar grain size to the monolithic hybrid alloy, reasonable Al₂O₃ nanoparticle distribution, non-dominant (0 0 0 2) texture in the longitudinal direction, and 25% higher hardness than the monolithic hybrid alloy. Compared to the monolithic hybrid alloy (in tension), the nanocomposite synergistically exhibited higher 0.2%TYS, UTS, failure strain and work of fracture (WOF) (+12%, +7%, +99% and +108%, respectively). Compared to the monolithic hybrid alloy (in compression), the nanocomposite exhibited higher 0.2%CYS and UCS, and lower failure strain and WOF (+5%, +3%, −7% and −7%, respectively). The beneficial effects of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle addition on the enhancement of tensile and compressive properties of AZ31/AZ91 hybrid alloy are investigated in this paper.     

旋压变形量对B4C增强铝基复合管微观组织及力学性能的影响

本文采用等离子放电烧结+异步错距旋压方法制备了不同旋压变形量的B₄C颗粒含量为10wt.%的铝基复合材料管材,研究了变形量对复合管材微观组织和力学性能的影响。 研究结果表明:随着旋压变形量的增加,B₄C铝基复合管材内部B₄C颗粒分布由类似网状结构变为均匀分布,B₄C颗粒与基体铝合金之间界面形成了冶金结合;等离子放电烧结过程中的颗粒之间的“尖端放电”效应使得颗粒之间的界面处产生局部高温,促进了界面之间的结合,在界面处产生了AlB₂和Al₃BC金属间化合物;旋压变形量的增加,细化了铝合金的晶粒尺寸,减小了B₄C的颗粒尺寸,但旋压过程中导致的大尺寸B₄C颗粒的断裂弱化了细晶强化和颗粒强化对抗拉强度的作用。