Chatter Stability of Metal Cutting and Grinding

This paper reviews fundamental modeling of chatter vibrations in metal cutting and grinding processes. The avoidance of chatter vibrations in industry is also presented. The fundamentals of orthogonal chatter stability law and lobes are reviewed for single point machining operations where the process is one dimensional and time invariant. The application of orthogonal stability to turning and boring operations is presented while discussing the process nonlinearities that make the solution difficult in frequency domain. Modeling of drilling vibrations is discussed. The dynamic modeling and chatter stability of milling is presented. Various stability models are compared against experimentally validated time domain simulation model results. The dynamic time domain model of transverse and plunge grinding operations is presented with experimental results. Off-line and real-time chatter suppression techniques are summarized along with their practical applications and limitations in industry. The paper presents a series of research topics, which have yet to be studied for effective use of chatter prediction and suppression techniques in industry.     

外圆磨削颤振监测方法设计

磨削颤振是影响加工质量和加工效率的重要因素,常需增加多个后续加工周期来满足加工质量的要求。采用涡流传感器、磨削力传感器、声发射传感器、加速度传感器和接触探头等多传感器对砂轮边沿的自激振荡进行测量,对自激振荡信号,提出采用幅值法和小波分析法进行分析处理,实现了磨削颤振的自动监测和预测,减少了加工周期,提高了加工效率。     

A New Method for Chatter Detection in Grinding

A new method for automatic chatter detection in outer-diameter grinding is proposed which exploits significant changes in grinding dynamics caused by the onset of chatter. The method is based on monitoring of a non-linear statistic called the coarse-grained entropy rate. The entropy rate is calculated from the fluctuations of the normal grinding force. Values of the entropy rate close to zero are typical of chatter, whereas larger values are typical of chatter-free grinding. If the entropy rate is normalized, a threshold value can be set which enables automatic distinction between chatter-free grinding and chatter.     

新型陶瓷托辊专用磨床磨削颤振稳定性分析

为了避免陶瓷托辊专用磨床在加工过程中产生颤振而降低磨削质量,根据陶瓷托辊磨削加工机制,建立了陶瓷托辊磨削加工过程数学模型,通过MATLAB计算分析得出磨削深度与主轴转速的稳定性叶瓣图,确定了陶瓷托辊磨床在磨削深度低于4 mm时可无颤振稳定磨削。研究结果为陶瓷托辊专用磨床稳定磨削加工提供了参考。     

砂轮进给速度对成形磨削振动特性影响的试验研究

基于数控成形磨齿机加工齿轮的几何原理和机床运动学原理,建立磨削力简化模型,经磨削力经验公式计算得出砂轮进给速度与磨削力关系,分析磨削力在不同砂轮进给速度下的变化趋势。通过搭建振动测试平台,采集振动信号,对振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换,分析不同砂轮进给速度下振动信号的变化,进而得出砂轮进给速度、磨削力和振动特性之间的关系,为提高齿面磨削质量提供了参考依据。     

基于非线性磨削模型的稳态与颤振抑制的研究

在轧辊磨削过程中,选择稳态叶图边界曲线附近的参数易发生颤振,使得轧辊磨削工艺参数选择过于保守,导致磨削效率严重降低的问题。为此,通过引入Duffing振子,构建三自由度非线性轧辊磨削动力学模型。采用数值计算的方法,研究过程参数在稳态边界附近变化对轧辊磨削颤振的影响;为抑制轧辊磨削颤振,提出混沌摄动方法抑制颤振。结果表明：所提方法有良好的颤振抑制效果,为实际加工过程中参数选择和轧辊磨削颤振抑制提供参考。     

Advances in Modeling and Simulation of Grinding Processes

In the last decade the relevance of modeling and simulation of grinding processes has significantly risen which is caused by industrial needs and is indicated by the number of publications and research activities in this area. This keynote paper results from a collaborative work within the STC G and gives an overview of the current state of the art in modeling and simulation of grinding processes: Physical process models (analytical and numerical models) and empirical process models (regression analysis, artificial neural net models) as well as heuristic process models (rule based models) are taken into account, and outlined with respect to their achievements in this paper. The models are characterized by the process parameters such as grinding force, grinding temperature, etc. as well as work results including surface topography and surface integrity. Furthermore, the capabilities and the limitations of the presented model types and simulation approaches will be exemplified.     

轧机工作辊磨削振纹检测与控制

研究分析轧辊磨削振纹产生原因,通过对设备、砂轮、磨削工艺、操作等方面进行改进优化,研制了专用的辊颈振纹检测方法和分级控制规则,有效控制了磨削振纹的产生.     

塑性成形过程的振动应用技术

振动塑性加工是利用相关装置对金属塑性成形过程中的模具或坯料进行一定的激振,以降低坯料与模具之间的摩擦、提高坯料的成形极限.得到更好的成形效果.介绍了振动塑性加lT的研究现状,以及以超声波为主的振动在拉拔、冲压等塑性成形过程中的应用情况.     

Capability Profile of Hard Cutting and Grinding Processes

This keynote paper aims at matching the supply of research results with the industrial demands in hard cutting and grinding. The capability profiles of the processes are characterised and several manufacturing solutions are discussed. The comparison of hard cutting and grinding operations is carried out with regard to certain evaluation criteria based on the functionality of the machined workpiece itself, discussed at different levels, and the process economical efficiency. The basis for a roadmap of future development of hard machining technology is provided, e. g. the main technological developments associated with multi-processing hard machining concepts are given detailed consideration.     

微型钻头磨床砂轮轴振动的分析与消除

微型钻头磨床砂轮轴振动严重地影响了钻头加工精度。通过对砂轮轴的传递矩阵建模分析，发现砂轮轴轴承刚工和砂轮尺寸是影响其振动的固有频率与振型的两个主要因素。轴承刚度越高，砂轮尺寸越小，基各阶固有频率越高；由于砂轮小对称布置，砂轮尺寸越大，各阶振型的振幅也越大。在调整砂轮轴轴承预紧前，采用Machinery Analyzer model 2130振动分析仪的测试结果也显示该砂轮轴在低频部分的振动较为严重，预紧轴承和精修砂轮后，振动消除。     

振动研磨去喷孔毛刺实验

为了解决喷嘴的喷孔毛刺去除困难的问题,采用低频振动研磨去毛刺工艺进行去喷孔毛刺实验,由结果可以看出,该工艺方法能显著地去除喷孔的毛刺.且该低频振动研磨系统具有工艺易于实现、成本低且操作简便的特点.     

滚珠丝杠磨削加工中的振动测试与分析

振动是影响滚珠丝杠加工质量的重要因素。通过对振动信号的分析,可以提出相应减振措施来提高丝杠的加工质量。通过实验研究丝杠在磨削加工过程中8个关键位置处的x、y、z3个方向的振动特性。各位置的时域谱和频率谱的对比分析表明:产生振动的主要方向为工作台移动方向,主要来源是砂轮架、头架、砂轮架电机、头架电机的振动。提出相应的减振措施,为提高滚珠丝杠加工质量提供依据。     

内齿轮磨齿机磨削头振动特性分析与试验研究

为探究内齿轮数控磨齿机磨削头振动特性,以磨齿机磨削头为研究对象,建立其三维实体模型,并基于有限元仿真软件ANSYS进行预应力下的动态特性分析,获得磨削头各阶固有频率及对应振型,并对其薄弱环节进行了优化设计,使磨削头性能得到了提高。搭建磨削头结构振动特性试验平台,利用试验测试其振动特性,采集不同工况下磨削头的振动信号,采用时域信号和频域信号的对比分析法,探究磨削头振动机制。试验结果表明:磨削头低频振动幅度较大,而且多为主轴转速接近于磨削头固有频率引起的振动。最后为降低磨削头振动提出了合理的建议。     

TTCI数据概率评估840D车轮辐板孔裂纹扩展速率的研究

840D车轮辐板孔裂纹扩展速率da/dt具有很大分散性,其分散性主要来源于车轮载荷分散性,可用da/dt=Q·a(a≤35 mm时)来表达,裂纹扩展参数Q代表了da/dt的分散性.现场调查获得840D车轮辐板孔裂纹有效数据共3974组,是裂纹长度a及其形成时间t的孤立数据点.通过统计方法分析表明不同裂纹长度下的裂纹形成时间分布(TTCI)很好地符合双参数威布尔分布.建立了裂纹扩展的概率模型,通过不同裂纹长度及其对应的不同可靠度下的裂纹形成时间,拟合获得了不同可靠度下的裂纹扩展速率参数Q.数据分析表明Q服从正态分布,即,Q～N(0.918,0.3112).