电渣重熔的大型化发展——近十年世界大型电渣重熔概况

本文从历史沿革和技术优势出发,介绍了电渣重熔法炼钢的大型化发展,特别是最近十多年世界大型电渣重熔的概况,并对160t电渣炉和200t级电渣炉作了重要介绍,从技术和经济上分析了电渣钢大锻件的特点.指出,电渣重熔是生产优质大锻件有竞争力的先进技术,应该加深认识,引起重视.     

电渣重熔生产30CrMnSiNi2A航空锻件用钢的探索

使用传统工艺"EBT电炉+LF+VD+VC+锻造"生产的30CrMnSiNi2A航空锻件常出现点状偏析和力学性能不稳定的现象。使用电渣重熔工艺对该锻件进行了研究,探讨了自耗电极和电渣锭成分的均匀性和气体含量以及电渣重熔过程元素的烧损情况,并对锻件的低倍组织和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,电渣锭成分均匀性好于双真空工艺自耗电极的成分均匀性,电渣重熔过程元素烧损较小,锻件低倍组织无点状偏析,力学性能各项指标达到技术要求。     

电渣重熔34CrNi3Mo钢辊套的生产工艺研究

讨论了电渣重熔钢锭在生产辊套锻件时的优势 ,提出了对原工艺的改进方法。改进后的工艺减少了电渣钢辊套锻件的锻造火次 ,提高了锻件的成材率 ,降低了生产成本 ,取得较好的经济效益     

核反应堆堆芯用HEA304电渣锭的试制

HEA304钢电渣重熔后易出现碳、氮含量及晶粒度超标。经过对电渣重熔渣系及电渣工艺的摸索试验,确定电渣重熔渣系及工艺要点,生产出优质的核材用HEA304锻件。     

56t～79t加氢反应器用电渣锭批量生产

加氢反应器是石油加氢裂化装置的心脏设备。利用多个炉号多根电极以小拼大的电渣重熔法,生产了12个56 t~79 t加氢反应器锻件用电渣锭。电渣锭氢含量0.000 2%,锭高方向成分均匀,电渣锭的顶部和底部均可利用,且性能优异。     

GH36合金大型涡轮盘锻件的制造

介绍了GH36合金大型涡轮盘锻件的生产工艺。生产结果表明,采用“电弧炉-电渣重熔”双联工艺,电渣重熔后的化学成分合格率达100%;再经过适当的锻造和热处理可以生产出合格的涡轮盘锻件产品。     

大型锻造用钢锭的几个质量问题

<正> 随着工业的发展,大型锻件的单重愈来愈大,技术要求愈来愈高。具有良好的冶金质量的钢锭是生产优质大锻件的根本保证。国内外各大锻件生产厂在改造自己工厂的时候,都把冶炼和铸锭的改造放在第一位。从五十年代始,真空浇注、真空处理、二次精炼、电渣重熔装置的大型化、BEST法,以及喷吹冶金等等,一次又一次地把大型钢锭的冶金质量推向更高的水平。     

关于巨型钢锭电渣技术之我见

重大型装备制造业是国民经济的重要支柱。重大型装备制造需要超过单重100 t直至300 t的锻件,大锻件生产的限制性环节在于缺乏优质巨型钢锭。本文根据生产实践总结了巨型锭电渣重熔的技术、质量和经济优势。指出,电渣技术是生产100 t以上直至300 t重大锻件用巨型钢锭的理想方法。     

电渣重熔技术在高品质钢锭生产中的应用

介绍了电渣炉的技术特性,通过对电渣重熔技术在高品质钢锭生产中的应用分析,阐明电渣重熔技术存在的问题及其发展趋势。结果表明,电渣重熔技术将在中、大型锻件用高品质钢锭及超级合金领域处于优势地位。     

在强氧化气氛下的低碳低硅百吨级电渣锭生产

研究开发了在强氧化气氛下重熔低C(～0.15％)、低Si(≤0.05％)电渣钢确保冶金质量的电渣重熔技术。据此,生产了单重百吨以上的石油化工高压容器锻件用大型电渣锭10根。产品检验结果表明性能优良。     

Factors influencing power consumption and power-saving measures in ESR process

Since the USA patent of electroslag remelting(ESR) metallurgy was held by P. K. Hopkins in 1940, the ESR technology has now entered a relatively mature stage after a 70-year history of development. At present, the annual capacity of ESR steels around the world is approximately 2 million tonnes. ESR metallurgy emerged in China in 1958. Since then, electroslag furnaces were gradually installed in Chinese special steel plants. At present, there are more than 200 electroslag remelting furnaces in the metallurgical workshops of these steel plants with an annual production capacity of about 500,000 tonnes of ingots and components made of about 200 varieties of steels, including high quality steels and superalloys. This ESR technology is used as a special remelting and refining method for producing high quality steels and superalloys. However, traditional ESR technology has the disadvantages of environmental pollution and extremely high specific power consumption. High power consumption restricts, to a certain degree, the competitiveness of ESR steels in the marketplace. The measures of power saving in ESR have been researched in recent years. In this paper, some factors influencing power consumption, such as filling ratio, slag system, slag amount, melting rate and furnace structure are reviewed, and several new ESR technologies for power saving are proposed.     

Reformulation of time averaged Joule heating in presence of temperature fluctuations

Abstract

Strong temperature fluctuations might exist in non-isothermal turbulent flow. When a RANS approach is used for simulation it is necessary to time average all properties that are temperature dependant. Here we focus on the time average of the Joule heating released within the turbulent slag region of an electroslag remelting process (ESR). For that the average temperature dependant electric conductivity of the slag was expressed as a function of the time averaged temperature field and its standard deviation. The results using this new approach are compared with the results given by the classical approach using only the electric conductivity at the time averaged temperature. It will be shown that the temperature fluctuations decrease strongly the amount of electric current flowing directly to the mould, and increase the efficiency of the remelting process by 50%.     

Single Treatment of Steel in Fluidized Bed

Results obtained by the author and his coworkers at the Vysokogorskii Mechanical Works in the city of Nizhny Tagil are presented. The effect of single treatment in fluidized bed on the mechanical properties of high-carbon and low-alloy steels is studied and the data are compared with the properties of these steels after toughening. A mechanized flow line for single treatment of parts from steel 40Kh in fluidized bed is described, and designs of electric furnaces/baths with fluidized bed are presented.     

电渣熔铸异型件熔渣内溢现象

分析了异型电渣熔铸件生产过程中的熔渣内溢现象及形成因素.研究表明,更换电极中断功率操作后,供电工艺参数与结晶器冷却强度不匹配是导致结晶器内熔渣溢流的主要原因.从更换电极操作与熔铸工艺进行改进优化,改进后实际生产效果良好.     

Lead smelting in a submerged arc furnace

Lead is still principally produced in shaft and flame-fired furnaces. However, electric furnaces increase metal recovery, reduce environmental burdens and decrease energy consumption compared to conventional processes. Because lead has low melting and boiling points and aggressive slags, the design of the furnace, energy input, and slag conductivity and composition are very important. Secondary materials are easily handled in electric furnaces. Since additional amounts of lead will become available from secondary sources in the future, electric furnaces are expected to replace conventional smelting furnaces.     

采用高电阻渣重熔W6Mo5Cr4V2钢

采用两种不同电阻率的渣系进行电渣重熔W6Mo5Cr4V2钢实验。结果表明,采用高电阻率的四元渣系可以降低电耗、提高生产率、提高钢锭质量。     

Melting Behavior of Titanium-Bearing Electric Furnace Slag for Effective Smelting of Vanadium Titanomagnetite

JOM - The melting behavior of titanium-bearing electric furnace slag is a key factor for effective smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite in electric furnaces. The melting behavior of synthetically...     

Optimization of properties of steel 20GL for railway transport castings

The chemical composition of steel 20GL is optimized. The effect of additional alloying on the properties of low-carbon steels is studied, modifiers are chosen, and their effect on the properties of the steel after heat treatment (normalizing and hardening with high-temperature tempering) is determined. Industrial tests on melting steel 20GL in electric arc and open-hearth furnaces have been successful. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, pp. 43–46, August, 2007.     

Production experiences with Mo-Nb line pipe steels

Summary Steelmakers are melting high-quality line pipe grades in conventional, high-volume production facilities. The basic oxygen furnace has become the mainstay for high-quality pipe production, but electric furnaces and open-hearth facilities are still utilized. To meet the requirements of high toughness at low temperature, oxygen lancing to reduce carbon content below 0.12% is also commonly employed in the electric and open-hearth furnaces. Hot-metal desulfurization (0.010% S or less) and / or inclusion shape control techniques are employed to enhance transverse ductility and notch toughness. The low-carbon Mo-Nb and Mo-Nb (V) steels are compatible with these new steelmaking, deoxidation and casting practices offering an economical approach to higherstrenth, tough steels needed for the production of heavy wall thickness A rctic and offshore submarine pipelines. The Battelle DWTT and Charpy results demonstrate the high toughness capability of these steels at temperatures of -40°C and below.Approximately 0.5 million metric tons of molybdenum-containing line pipe have been supplied, and this quantity is expected to double in 1976. Continuing production in North America, especially in Canada, and in Western Europe, especially in Italy, coupled with the production of several hundred thousand tons of Arcticquality, 1420-mm-diameter pipe by the Japanese mills will account for this high tonnage. The Mo-Nb/Mo-Nb (V) steel technology is playing an important role in Arctic and offshore, submarine pipelining throughout the world.Plenum Publishing Corporation is indebted to Climax Molybdenum Company, a division of AMAX Incorporated, 1 Greenwich Plaza, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830, for providing the original English version of this article.Published in Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 47–51, July, 1977.     

Continuous unidirectional solidification of QAl9-4 Cu-Al alloy

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