某工业园污水处理厂工程设计

某工业园污水处理厂主要处理焦化废水,针对废水水质可生化性差,NH3-N含量高,碳源不足等特点,采用硝化NH3-N及氧化碳源的好氧曝气生物滤池BAF(C/N)与将硝态氮还原成氮气的缺氧曝气生物滤池BAF(DN)的二级组合工艺。工程运行结果表明,出水CODCr和NH3-N的质量浓度分别为11.70和0.63 mg/L,达到了GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中一级A标准的要求。     

造纸工业中水回用系统外排膜浓缩水达标排放设计

湖北某工业园区污水处理厂接纳的来水主要为某造纸工业中水回用系统超滤及反渗透膜系统外排的浓缩水,膜浓缩水含盐量高,会抑制微生物的活性,导致污水的可生化性差,处理难度大.针对膜浓缩水的特殊性,污水处理工艺针对性地采用臭氧氧化-硝化及反硝化滤池-曝气生物滤池-芬顿氧化-活性炭吸附工艺,臭氧-曝气生物滤池用于去除来水中的色度、COD及其他有机污染物,硝化反硝化滤池用于脱氮,芬顿氧化用于进一步去除COD及TP,活性炭吸附工艺用于最后的出水水质保障.项目建成运行两年以来,出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准,实现了膜系统浓缩水的达标排放处理.     

造纸工业中水回用系统外排膜浓缩水达标排放设计

湖北某工业园区污水处理厂接纳的来水主要为某造纸工业中水回用系统超滤及反渗透膜系统外排的浓缩水,膜浓缩水含盐量高,会抑制微生物的活性,导致污水的可生化性差,处理难度大.针对膜浓缩水的特殊性,污水处理工艺针对性地采用臭氧氧化-硝化及反硝化滤池-曝气生物滤池-芬顿氧化-活性炭吸附工艺,臭氧-曝气生物滤池用于去除来水中的色度、COD及其他有机污染物,硝化反硝化滤池用于脱氮,芬顿氧化用于进一步去除COD及TP,活性炭吸附工艺用于最后的出水水质保障.项目建成运行两年以来,出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准,实现了膜系统浓缩水的达标排放处理.     

克拉维酸钾生产废水处理工程实例

针对克拉维酸钾生产废水成分复杂、污染物浓度高的特点,采用水解酸化-多级内循环厌氧反应罐(IC)-循环式活性污泥系统(CASS)-一级曝气生物滤池(BAF)-Fenton氧化-二级BAF的工艺路线。工程运行结果表明,在综合进水CODCr的质量浓度为8 000 mg/L、NH_3~-N的质量浓度为500 mg/L的情况下,出水CODCr的质量浓度为30~50 mg/L、NH3-N的质量浓度为1.2~5.0 mg/L,达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。采用该工艺可满足大规模克拉维酸钾生产废水的处理要求。     

水解酸化/接触氧化/曝气生物滤池处理工业园废水工程实例

采用"水解酸化—接触氧化—曝气生物滤池"工艺处理由印染废水和生活污水组成的工业园废水,其CODCr从800 mg/L左右降到60 mg/L以下,BOD5从250 mg/L左右降到20 mg/L以下,去除率均达到了92%以上,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中一级标准的B标准。     

组合工艺处理高浓度日用化工废水

采用"厌氧-接触氧化-臭氧-曝气生物滤池"组合工艺处理高浓度日用化工废水.废水中CODCr从进水5000 mg/L降到出水＜80 mg/L,BOD5从进水1100 mg/L降到出水＜20 mg/L,处理效率＞98%,排放水质达到广州市污水排放一级标准(DB 4437-1990).废水处理站的长期实际运行结果表明,高效的厌氧处理和臭氧-曝气生物滤池深度处理系统是该工艺处理高浓度废水稳定达标的关键.     

混凝—臭氧—生化法组合工艺深度处理制药厂二级出水

采用混凝—臭氧氧化—水解酸化—反硝化生物滤池—内循环曝气生物滤池组合工艺深度处理某制药企业二级生化出水,考察了混凝剂投加量、臭氧氧化时间、各生化处理单元水力停留时间对废水COD、色度、总氮去除效果的影响。结果表明:当进水COD为360~380 mg/L、色度为100~120倍、总氮为110~130 mg/L时,在氯化铁投加量80 mg/L,臭氧投加速率8.5 mg/min,臭氧氧化时间40 min,水解酸化池、反硝化滤池、内循环BAF反应器的水力停留时间分别为8、3、8 h的条件下,出水水质满足城镇污水处理厂一级B排放标准(GB 18918—2002)要求。     

高浓度中药提取物生产废水处理工程实例

中药提取物生产废水有机物和NH3-N浓度高,水质、水量变化大,采用絮凝沉淀-UASB-生物接触氧化-微絮凝-曝气生物滤池组合工艺处理。进水CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N、SS的质量浓度分别为7 900、3 300、53.04、450 mg/L,出水指标达到GB 21906—2008《中药类制药工业水污染物排放标准》的要求,CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N、SS的去除率分别为98.7%、99.1%、84.9%、88.9%。     

A~2O氧化沟-混凝沉淀-反硝化深床滤池工艺在大型经开区污水处理中的应用

为降低污水排放对巢湖的污染,采用A~2O氧化沟-混凝沉淀-反硝化深床滤池组合工艺处理某大型经开区污水。分析了污水水质特征,论述了处理工艺的选择过程,介绍了工程设计参数和工程设计特点,以及实际运行情况。工程运行结果表明,该工艺出水水质稳定,可达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中一级A标准,其中TP、TN、NH3-N、CODCr的质量浓度分别不超过0.3、5、1.5和30 mg/L。     

复合工艺处理以抗生素类制药为主的混合工业废水

针对抗生素类工业废水难处理的特点,某工业集中区污水处理厂采用"厌氧水解+MSBR+臭氧氧化+絮凝沉淀+曝气生物滤池"复合工艺处理以抗生素类制药生产废水为主的混合工业废水。结果表明:当进水COD、NH3-N、TP平均分别为485、41.2、7.66 mg/L时,出水COD、NH3-N、TP平均分别为81、9.3、0.331 mg/L,出水各项指标达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级排放标准。该复合工艺的成功应用为极难生物降解的混合工业废水的处理提供了新途径。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.