Stability analysis of an all-fiber coupled cavity Fabry-Perot additive pulse mode-locked laser

The coupled cavity Fabry-Perot additive pulse mode-locked (APM) design of an all-fiber mode-locked fiber laser is investigated theoretically. Experimental implementation of the design has already been demonstrated elsewhere, and in previous work, it was shown that contrary to a solid-state coupled cavity Fabry-Perot APM laser, an interferometric length match and stabilization of the two cavities is not needed. However, the pulse train seems to be located on top of a large CW background. In this paper, a theoretically analysis of the design based on the master equation derived by Haus is presented. Using the analytical theory developed for the master equation it is possible to determine and compare the round-trip loss for a mode-locked and for a CW solution and, hence, find the regimes where an all-fiber laser based on the design is expected to give a stable background free mode-locked output.     

光纤光栅耦合附加腔被动锁模激光器特性的分析

对光纤光栅耦合附加腔被动锁模激光器进行了详细分析 ,得到了附加腔锁模激光器的振荡条件。研究表明在稳定工作状态下 ,附加腔锁模激光器的增益、损耗、两腔之间的耦合效率以及激光振荡波长等参数在复平面上将构成一个近似的等腰三角形。对振荡初期增益的研究表明 ,主腔增益在光纤光栅中心波长两侧有明显的不对称性 ,这将会造成激光器输出光脉冲光谱的不对称性。对谐振腔的进一步分析表明 ,由于光波在光纤光栅中具有一定的穿透深度 ,为了实现激光振荡 ,两谐振腔的名义长度差需要保持一个确定的值     

Spectral and temporal characterizations of coupled-cavity modelocking in a KCl:Tl color center laser

The authors present experimental results on the spectral and temporal characteristics of a coupled-cavity mode-locked (CCM) KCl:Tl color center laser where a 2.8-m length of anomalously dispersive fiber was used in the control cavity. Under different operating conditions, both symmetrical and peak-featured spectra of the CCM laser were observed. Interrelationships between the spectral broadening and the cavity-length mismatch were determined experimentally     

色散管理光纤锁模激光器在近零色散域的非线性优化

目前,飞秒激光脉冲因脉冲宽度窄和峰值功率高的特点被广泛运用在多种领域中。其中,色散管理光纤锁模激光器因其特有的腔内呼吸机制使输出的激光脉冲能量更高,光谱更宽、脉宽更窄。使用啁啾布拉格光纤光栅进行色散管理的光纤锁模激光器能够实现真正的全光纤结构,提升激光器的紧凑性和稳定性,因此基于啁啾布拉格光纤光栅进行色散管理的光纤锁模激光器具有更加实际的应用意义。采用数值模拟的方法,研究了基于啁啾布拉格光纤光栅进行色散管理的掺镱光纤锁模激光器中单模光纤在腔内的不同分布对脉冲动力学过程和输出脉冲参数的影响。系统分析了谐振腔内净色散值不同时,腔内单模光纤的分布对脉冲在腔内的动力学过程的影响。模拟结果表明,在腔内净色散值为负时,啁啾布拉格光纤光栅与增益光纤间的单模光纤越短,光纤激光器维持稳定单脉冲运行的最大泵浦强度更高且输出光谱更宽,从而能够获得脉宽更窄的去啁啾脉冲;腔内净色散值越接近零时,啁啾布拉格光纤光栅与增益光纤间的单模光纤长度对输出脉冲参数作用的影响越显著;腔内净色散值为正时,单模光纤在腔内的分布对输出脉冲影响逐渐减弱,优化单模光纤分布提升锁模激光器性能并不明显。最后,提出了一种通过改变单模光纤在腔内的分布来提高激光器输出性能的优化方法。     

6 MHz重频调谐范围的稳定锁模掺镱光纤激光器

针对精密测量的实际应用需求,开发了具有6 MHz重复频率调谐范围的掺镱锁模光纤激光器。该光纤激光器利用啁啾光纤光栅实现色散补偿,可以实现不同色散域的锁模。实验中,系统研究了不同腔内净色散对锁模激光器输出特性和稳定性的影响,发现当具有一定负腔内净色散时,在不同的重复频率下都可以输出相同的光谱,同时输出光谱具有较好的高斯型。根据以上研究,特殊设计了稳定的简化腔结构和空间延迟线,同时优化了腔参数,保证了大范围的重复频率调谐和稳定的锁模运转。当中心重复频率为26 MHz 时,调谐比率达到23%。激光器稳定输出平均功率为3.23 mW的飞秒激光脉冲,去啁啾后脉冲宽度为347 fs。基于此,将光纤锁模激光器重复频率锁定于铷原子钟,在1 s的平均时间内获得了2×10?10的艾伦方差。     

Polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg gratings for wavelengthselection in actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber lasers

Fiber Bragg gratings written in polarization-maintaining fiber are proposed for wavelength selection in actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber lasers. Combined with single-polarization optical circulator, they form unidirectional transmission filters that can be incorporated in polarization-maintaining laser cavities. We have fabricated such a grating in hydrogen-loaded PANDA fiber and we have incorporated it in a polarization-maintaining actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser designed to generate soliton-like pulses. Dependencies of pulse duration and spectral width on average intracavity power were measured. The power range over which soliton-like pulses were generated without pedestals was found to be ultimately limited by the grating's bandwidth     

基于光纤光栅谐振腔的双包层光纤激光器

理论分析了线型腔双包层光纤激光器的输出特性,包括光纤长度、光纤损耗及后腔镜反射率对激光输出功率和阈值泵浦功率的影响.设计了基于光纤光栅谐振腔的双包层光纤激光器,采用锥度光纤实现了泵浦模块与双包层光纤之间的低损耗连接,实现了全光纤化的掺Yb3 双包层光纤激光器,其阈值泵浦功率为300 mW,在泵浦入纤功率为17 W时达到了10.5 W的最大激光输出功率,斜率效率为62%.     

Optical pulse shaping by cross-phase modulation in a harmonic mode-locked semiconductor fiber ring laser under large cavity detuning

The authors experimentally investigate the phenomena of the pulse-shape distortion due to the drift of cavity length or modulation frequency in a harmonically mode-locked semiconductor fiber ring laser (SFRL). Also, it is experimentally demonstrated that the optical pulse shaping by cross-phase modulation (XPM) can be applied to enhance the robustness of a harmonic mode-locked semiconductor ring laser to the environmental factors, e.g., the modulation-frequency drift and/or the cavity-length drift. The mechanism of pulse-shape distortion due to the modulation-frequency drift or cavity-length drift is explained and experimentally verified. As the locking condition of the SFRL goes to the rational harmonic mode-locking (RHML) regime, the pulse-shape distortion becomes dominant. To validate the explanation, a simple equation for estimating and comparing the amount of cavity-length detuning in terms of frequency is proposed for comparison, which is called the equivalent frequency detuning (EFD). The distortion mostly appeared in the trailing edge of the pulse. By selectively filtering the XPM-induced red-chirped wavelength components in the rising edge of the pulse, the mode-locked pulse train with large pulse-shape distortion can be reshaped to regenerate a mode-locked pulse train with less pulse-shape distortion than the pulse train without the proposed scheme. This method can be used to reduce the pulse-shape distortion effectively, maintaining the pulse repetition rate under the large modulation-frequency detuning, or equivalently, large cavity-length detuning. The proposed scheme is able to generate the pulse-trains robust to the modulation-frequency drift and/or cavity-length drift of the mode-locked SFRL.     

Dual-wavelength, self-starting saturable Bragg reflectormode-locked Ti:sapphire laser

We have demonstrated a coupled dual cavity, femtosecond laser system that is self-starting, robust and independently tunable. The lasers incorporate two saturable Bragg reflectors (SBRs) for mode-locked operation. The inclusion of SBRs effectively separates the modelocking and coupling processes and also reduces cavity alignment sensitivity. Dual laser operation was studied with respect to output characteristics, crystal position, cavity length, and wavelength dragging. The coupled SBR mode-locked lasers were tunable from 770 to 820 nm and 810 to 860 nm, respectively. A crystal translation of up 660 μm did not disrupt coupled operation or pulse production. Large wavelength dragging of up to 30 nm was produced by altering the length of the cavities. While in coupled operation, cross-correlation measurements demonstrated synchronization of the two femtosecond lasers to well within the individual pulsewidths     

全光纤型Er/Yb共掺光纤短腔激光器

报道了一种高输出功率、高斜率效率的短腔ErYb共掺杂光纤激光器。激光谐振腔由一段ErYb共掺杂单模光纤与一对布拉格反射波长相同的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)组成。反射率为60%的光纤光栅用作光纤激光器谐振腔的输出,3dB带宽为016nm。反射率为99%的光纤光栅作为高宽带反射腔镜,同时作为抽运光输入端,3dB带宽102nm。以980nm激光二极管(LD)作抽运源进行实验。使用不同的抽运功率分别测量不同长度的ErYb共掺杂光纤,优化光纤激光器谐振腔得到的最佳长度仅为13cm。即选用13cmErYb共掺杂光纤作为增益介质来制作短腔ErYb光纤光栅激光器,最大输出功率可达11mW,输出功率稳定性<±001dB,抽运阈值功率为35mW,斜率效率为153%,测量其15522nm激光的输出光谱,25dB线宽为03nm,边模抑制比>60dB,波长稳定性为005nm。可用于密集波分复用(DWDM)系统。     

调Q及连续掺Yb光纤激光器中的自锁模研究

在用半导体激光器抽运的单包层掺Yb调Q光纤激光器中观察到了清晰稳定的自锁模脉冲序列。脉冲包络形状为调Q脉冲。每个锁模脉冲的幅值由其在调Q脉冲中的相应位置决定。经过分析，认为自相位调制是调Q光纤激光器中产生锁模的主要原因。自相位调制的存在使得光脉冲的频谱被展宽，当这种展宽和腔的模式间隔相差不多时，腔内的模式便能相互作用，直到它们之间产生一个固定的相位关系。也即形成锁模。在此基础上。去掉声光晶体，并用两个光栅作为腔镜，实现了全光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔锁模光纤激光器。改变腔结构，分别采用光栅和光纤反射圈作为前后腔镜，同样观察到了锁模脉冲。经过观察发现，锁模脉冲的产生和掺Yb光纤的浓度、长度、抽运功率的大小有着密切的关系。这为锁模脉冲的产生提供了一种新的方法。     

Low-threshold, self-tuned and passively mode-locked coupled-cavity all-fiber lasers

Low threshold, self-tuned, and passively mode-locked fiber lasers with compact all-fiber coupled-cavity structures have been investigated experimentally. It is shown that the Bragg gratings used in a coupled-cavity fiber laser must be matched in their spectral characteristics for the mode-locking of the laser. Stable mode-locked optical pulses as short as 60 ps at a repetition rate of 213 MHz have been generated without the need of cavity length stabilization.     

偏振可控制的单频DBR光纤激光器

利用直接写在掺铒光纤上的一对光栅提供光反馈构成谐振腔,研制出了DBR光纤激光器;采用偏振控制器调节输出光的偏振态,分别观察到了与2个光栅Bragg波长对应的单频激光输出.泵浦功率68.8mW时得到了4.3mW的激光输出.对其调制特性进行了研究.     

端面抽运全固态皮秒被动锁模激光器

利用国产半导体可饱和吸收镜(SESAM),设计了不同的腔型结构,实现了平均功率5W单路输出,5W双路输出,输出透过率可调节的半导体可饱和吸收镜线型腔连续锁模(CWML)激光器,双向输出六镜环行腔连续锁模激光器等。将半导体可饱和吸收镜放在腔内的特殊位置,利用一种新的技术方法实现了锁模激光器的频率翻倍。利用由非线性晶体KTP和双色镜构成的非线性镜(NLM),实现了端面抽运Nd∶YVO4激光器的4W锁模输出。     

DFB光纤激光器最佳输出特性研究

采用传输矩阵法,对影响DFB掺铒光纤激光器输出功率的耦合因子、光栅长度进行了研究,数值分析了不同谐振腔损耗下最佳输出功率所对应的最佳光栅长度及耦合因子的变化。结果表明,在设计光纤激光器时,根据光纤光栅的制作损耗,优化光栅长度及耦合因子可以使光纤激光器的输出实现最佳化。这些结论对基于光纤激光器的结构优化具有指导意义。     

光谱边带测量法实现的色散匹配光纤激光器

在基于非线性偏振旋转效应的被动锁模光纤激光器中,利用测量脉冲光谱边带的方法计算腔内总色散,通过改变腔内普通单模光纤(SMF)的长度实现色散匹配,从而获得了重复频率为25 MHz、脉宽为520.5 fs、中心波长为1558.4 nm和3 dB带宽为29.5 nm的超短脉冲,输出功率为1.81 mW.在实现最佳色散匹配的条件下,对锁模脉冲的分裂、连续光波与孤子脉冲共存以及稳定的谐波锁模现象进行了实验研究和分析.     

铒镱共掺调频光纤激光器

研究了一种新型的短腔铒镱共掺单纵模调频光纤激光器,推导了该类光源利用零差检测法时功率谱密度的理论表达式,进行了数值模拟,计算出了最大频偏量.激光器是由一段4 cm长的铒镱共掺光纤和两个窄线宽光纤布拉格光栅构成,通过对靠近抽运端光栅的长度调制实现了激光的频率调制.激光器线宽小于400 kHz,输出功率大于3 mW,最大频偏可以达到55 MHz,最大频偏量的实验结果与理论分析一致.     

光纤光栅在高功率连续光纤激光器中的发展及展望

目前光纤光栅在高功率连续光纤激光器中的应用主要有两个方面,一是作为谐振腔腔镜,二是用来抑制激光器的非线性效应。首先论述了光纤光栅作为腔镜技术的发展现状,然后着重论述了能够抑制光纤激光器中非线性效应的特殊光纤光栅的发展状况。并详细描述了倾斜布拉格光纤光栅抑制受激拉曼散射和受激布里渊散射、长周期光纤光栅抑制受激拉曼散射以及相移长周期光纤光栅抑制自相位调制或四波混频等非线性效应引起的光谱展宽的研究进展。最后展望了光纤光栅在高功率光纤激光器领域的发展趋势,认为光纤光栅将朝着更高承载功率与长波长方向发展,同时认为基于飞秒激光刻写的光纤光栅技术、能够同时抑制多种非线性效应的光纤光栅技术、以及基于光纤光栅的光纤激光器激光偏振控制技术等将成为新的研究热点。     

Mode-Locking in a Semiconductor Fiber Laser Using Cross-Absorption Modulation in an Electroabsorption Modulator and Application to All-Optical Clock Recovery

We demonstrate the use of cross-absorption modulation in an electroabsorption modulator to actively mode-lock a semiconductor fiber laser at 10 GHz. The laser cavity also comprises a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating to obtain wavelength tunable operation based on the dispersion tuning approach. The laser exhibits uniform output pulse characteristics throughout the tuning range. We also investigate the impact of using different types of optical pump signals on the output pulses. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the mode-locked laser for all-optical clock recovery.     

Closed form theory of multicavity reflectors and the output power of external cavity diode lasers

A closed form solution for the transmission and reflection coefficients of a double cavity Fabry-Perot resonator is given. The explicit expressions for these coefficients are used in a formula to give the output power of diode lasers coupled to multiple external cavities. Analysis of a cleaved or etched coupled-cavity laser shows that stable operation depends on proper choice of the phase length of both the gap and the control section. A study of a diode laser coupled to an external waveguide containing a Bragg reflector shows that for correct choice of grating reflectivity only modestly effective antireflection coatings (5 percent on laser facet and 2 percent on waveguide face) are required to allow the grating to dominate the operating wavelength of the laser diode. A single external cavity with loss coupled to a laser diode is also considered. In this case the theory indicates the necessity of proper control of loss or coupling fraction between diode and cavity for there to be effective control of wavelength.