Internal locus of control and choice in health service shift workers

This study examined the relationship between shift work-specific locus of control (SH-LOC), active choice of work schedule and health outcomes, personal initiatives and coping behaviours in 1611 Danish Health Service shift workers. The 20-item SH-LOC scale was administered as part of a battery of measures. Multivariate analysis of covariance (controlling for age, workplace experience and weekly work hours) tested for differential responses to shift working and coping strategies. Interactive effects of internality and type of work rota were examined. Higher internality was linked to better tolerance to shift work. This did not appear to be a result of greater personal action in higher internals. The importance of control as a potential moderating factor to shift work exposure and the possible use of this measure in the process of shift worker monitoring is highlighted.     

Assessing the determinants of flow experience in the adoption of learning management systems: the moderating role of perceived institutional support

Information technology has moved the focus of students and instructors from blackboards to online learning platforms. In the emerging e-learning revolution, the success of quality education depends on the right use of information and communication technology, including the creation of participants’ flow experience while using learning systems, which are rightly considered a backbone of contemporary education. There is a gap in the e-learning literature, reflecting a lack of understanding of students’ flow experience while using online interactive systems. This paper presents a study investigating the key factors (interpersonal factors and atmospheric cues) affecting flow experience and highlights its massive role in the use of any learning management system (LMS). Moreover, the study examines the moderating role of perceived institutional support (PIS) on student adoption of LMS. Using a survey, data were collected from university students in Pakistan and the data were analysed through structural equation modelling. We found that interpersonal factors and LMS atmospherics have significant effects on the flow experience. It was also found that PIS moderates the relationship between flow experience and the use of LMS. This study contributes to the literature by helping institutions and policy-makers know key factors of effective learning systems that students value and enjoy.     

Effects of individuals' locus of control and computer self-efficacy on their e-learning acceptance in high-tech companies

High-tech companies encounter intense competition in today's global economy. With rapid changes in working environments, high-tech employees must learn quickly and effectively to solve difficult problems and increase their productivity. Many large high-tech companies have recently implemented electronic learning (e-learning) for employee training. However, e-learning systems are expensive and often underutilised. Therefore, understanding the factors associated with acceptance to e-learning are of priority concern. By integrating locus of control, computer self-efficacy and technology acceptance model (TAM) into one model, this study examines the feasibility of the extended TAM to explain employee acceptance of e-learning systems. Data were collected from 223 employees at five high-tech companies located in the Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan. Analytical results indicate that locus of control had significant direct effects on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Computer self-efficacy had significant direct effects on perceived ease of use and behavioural intention to use. Overall, analytical results provide strong support for using the extended TAM to explain user acceptance of e-learning systems. The research and practical implications of findings are discussed.     

Absorption,dissociation, locus of control and presence in virtual reality

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between a number of psychological variables and a reported sense of presence in immersive virtual reality (IVR). It was hypothesised that participants’ scores on measures of absorption, dissociation, and external locus of control would be positively and significantly correlated with a measure of their sense of presence in IVR. A total of 64 people took part. Significant correlations were found between presence and dissociation (r = 0.403, p < 0.01), and presence and locus of control (r = 0.268, p < 0.05). However, the correlation between presence and absorption was not significant (r = −0.037, p = 0.386). The findings reported here suggest a complex interrelationship of psychological variables in relation to presence in IVR that warrants further research.     

The role of user's perceived control in interface design, employing verbal protocol analysis

This paper outlines some general strengths and weaknesses of using psychological theoretical approaches beyond their original domains, focusing on Rotter's (1966) Internal and External (I/E) Locus of Control construct. Rotter's theory examines perceived locus of control of individuals during their social interactions. The issues of why and how I/E may be a useful theoretical approach to human-computer interaction (HCI) are addressed. Specific problems encountered in importing I/E into HCI are then described.

An interface evaluation experiment is discussed. First, the system used for evaluation purposes is described, as well as the verbal protocol technique used, and the methods of analysis. Finally, the conclusions about the interface are presented. In this contect, I/E as an interface evaluation tool is discussed, as are related issues of importing psychological theories into HCI.     

Analysis of cognitive learning strategies and computer attitudes,according to college students’ gender and locus of control

This study explored variations in cognitive learning strategies and computer attitudes among college students, based on gender and locus of control. The study groups were comprised of 263 preservice teachers. The results demonstrated that the level of adherence to cognitive learning strategies on the part of female college students was significantly higher than those of male college students, especially in terms of memorization, analytical, and explanation. This study found that college students’ gender has an effect on cognitive learning strategies and computer attitudes. In terms of locus of control, college students’ cognitive learning strategies and computer attitudes were found statistically significant in the following levels: small in application, small in memorization, weaker in analytical, small in summarization, small in rehearsal, weaker in explanation, and small in computer attitude. Observance of cognitive learning strategies was found to be significantly higher for college students with internal locus of control than for those with external locus of control in terms of summarization and rehearsal.     

Integration of admission,congestion, and peak power control in QoS-aware clusters

Admission, congestion, and peak power control mechanisms are essential parts of a cluster network design for supporting integrated traffic. While an admission control algorithm helps in delivering the assured performance, a congestion control algorithm regulates traffic injection to avoid network saturation. Peak power control forces to meet pre-specified power constraints while maintaining the service quality by regulating the injection of packets. In this paper, we propose these control algorithms for clusters, which are increasingly being used in a diverse set of applications that require QoS guarantees. The uniqueness of our approach is that we develop these algorithms for wormhole-switched networks, which have been used in designing clusters. We use QoS-capable wormhole routers and QoS-capable network interface cards (NICs), referred to as Host Channel Adapters (HCAs) in InfiniBand™ Architecture (IBA), to evaluate the effectiveness of these algorithms. The admission control is applied at the HCAs and the routers, while the congestion control and the peak power control are deployed only at the HCAs. A mixed workload consisting of best-effort, real-time, and control traffic is used to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.     

Left time derivatives in mathematics, mechanics and control of motion

By the traditional representation accepted in mathematics, mechanics and theoretical physics, the time-derivatives are defined as the right derivatives and are used in this way in differential equations describing processes in nature and technology. The fact that even for infinitely smooth x(t), the right time-derivatives do not physically exist, due to the positive orientation of time, somehow escaped the attention of scientists. This led to misconceptions and omissions in mechanics, physics and engineering, with unexpected consequences in some cases. All measurements and experiments contain and use only left time-derivatives, thereby with time delays. All processes require some kind of transmittal of information (forces, actions) which takes time, so the expressions that define their evolution from a current state actually contain the left and delayed time derivatives, even if they are written with the exact right time-derivatives, according to the classical tradition. In this paper, the causal representations of physical processes by differential equations with the left time-derivatives on the right-hand side are considered for some basic problems in classical mechanics, physics and technology. The use of the left time-derivatives explicitly takes into account the causality of processes depending on the transmission of information and defines the motions subject to external forces that may depend on accelerations and higher order derivatives of velocities. Such forces are exhibited in Weber’s electro-dynamic law of attraction; they are produced by the Kirchhoff-Thomson adjoint fluid acceleration resistance acting on a body moving in a fluid, and they are also involved in the manual control of aircraft or spacecraft that depends on accelerations of the craft itself. The consistency condition is presented, and the existence of solutions for equations of motion driven by forces with higher order derivatives of velocity is proved. The inclusion of such forces in the autopilot design is proposed to assure the safety of the aircraft in case of a failure of its outboard velocity sensors. It is demonstrated that the classical form of the 2nd law of Newton is preserved with respect to the effective forces for which the parallelogram law of addition is valid. Then the Lagrange and Hamilton equations are extended to include the generalized forces with the left higher order derivatives, and a method for the solution of such equations with the left and delayed higher order derivatives is presented with the example of a physical pendulum. The results open new avenues in science and technology providing the basis for correct design in the projects sensitive to information transmittal.     

All terrain vehicle loss of control events in agriculture: Contribution of pitch,roll and velocity

All terrain vehicle (ATV) (i.e. quad bike) loss of control (LOC) events are a major cause of injury and death on New Zealand and Australian farms. ATV LOC history, work experience, anthropometric data and vehicle pitch, roll and velocity data were recorded from 30 farmers. The terrain induced 95th percentiles were forward pitch 27.8°, backward pitch 28.7° and 20.8° for left and right roll. Nineteen participants (mean 42.4 years) had experienced 53 LOC events and were on average 9.5 years younger than the 11 participants (mean 51.9 years) who had not previously experienced LOC. Peak pitch, roll and velocity were not associated with LOC; however, at peak left roll the non-LOC group had a pitch of 3.1° downhill, while the LOC group had a pitch of 2.1° uphill. Results indicate ATV LOC prevalence is considerably underestimated, while increased risk for LOC may be influenced by a combination of personal, mechanical or terrain factors. The ATV pitch, roll and slope traverse data may help in the better understanding of why LOC events occur, may help in the development of safety equipment such as a tilt warning device and will contribute to national safety guidelines.

Statement of Relevance: Approximately 80,000 ATVs are used in rural New Zealand and ATV accidents are the single most common cause of work-related fatalities, apart from road accidents. This fieldwork research provides pitch, roll and velocity data and considers how these data might contribute to risk of ATV accidents.