短波红外焦平面列阵

在第二代红外成象系统中,采用焦平面列阵可使系统获得高分辨率和高灵敏度。在混合结构中,探测器和信号处理芯片是采用不同的材料单独制作,然后耦合成焦平面列阵。采用HgCdTe探测器的第二代红外成象系统的研究和发展工作主要在中红外波段(3～5μm)和长波波段(8～12μm)范围内进行。然而在高温和反射阳光下的物体     

非致冷长波红外高光谱成像

8μm～14μm波段的高光谱成像无论对于军用遥感还是对于民用遥感都是很重要的．长波红外高光谱成像的昼夜观察能力加上它探测伪装目标、地雷和化学气体的能力,已使它成为了一种很有吸引力的军用侦察手段．此外,长波高光谱成像技术的化学分析能力还可以对可见光、近红外和短波红外高光谱方法进行补充。然而,长波高光谱成像技术所用的光子焦平面体积大、成本高,这就限制了它在许多平台上的使用。     

火焰光谱探测器的光谱匹配因数

从测量得到的火焰光谱数据出发,对火焰探测器的光谱匹配因数进行研究,导出了光谱匹配因数的表达式,并在1～14μm波段范围内,计算了InSb红外探测器对不同温度黑体辐射的光谱匹配因数,为新型火焰探测器的研制提供一些必要的理论依据.     

用于远距离高温目标辐射探测的光谱系统设计

针对远距离高温目标多光谱辐射测温的需求,设计了一款多通道光谱探测系统。系统前端采用同轴两反卡塞格林式结构收集目标光谱辐射,后端包括用于目标定位的长波红外成像瞄准系统和分别工作在380～1050 nm、980～2550 nm双波段光谱系统。光谱系统采用Czerny-Turner结构,在380～1050 nm波段分辨率优于5 nm, 980～2550 nm波段分辨率优于15 nm,光谱通道数量大于220个。400 m目标外场实验和700～2300℃高温黑体温度实验表明,多通道光谱探测系统能够进行远距离目标的瞄准和光谱探测。本文设计的多通道光谱探测系统有望用于地面、航空及航天等远距离的温度探测。     

周视扫描成像红外双波段光学系统设计

介绍了一种周视扫描双波段红外光学系统,该系统利用K镜消除像旋转,能对中波3～5μm、长波8～10μm光谱进行双波段成像,且同时具有较大的扫描视场和较宽的光学口径.系统结构简单,装调方便,成像质量优良.     

中波和长波红外双波段消热差光学系统设计

为了有效提高目标的红外探测与识别能力,设计了能同时对高温和常温目标成像的中波和长波红外双波段消热差光学系统。所设计的光学系统采用柯克型结构,视场、有效焦距和相对孔径分别为5.5°×4.4°、100 mm和F/2,工作波段覆盖中波红外(波长3～5μm)和长波红外(8～12μm)。通过采用光学被动消热差方法,优化设计的镜头可工作于-60～80℃的环境温度,奈奎斯特频率处的调制传递函数(MTF)值变化小于0.05。该镜头使用Ge、ZnSe和ZnS 3种红外材料,具有后工作距大、100%冷光阑效率等特点。     

芬兰研制高光谱长波红外推帚式成像仪

目前,7～14μm长波红外区域的高光谱成像正在日益受到人们的关注。但现在既具有高的性能又具有好的可用性的仪器几乎没有。为了满足军方和商界对热光谱成像技术的需求,芬兰SPECIM公司已经设计并研制了两款采用不同探测器的推帚式长波红外高光谱成像仪(LWIR HS和LWIR C)。     

机载高光通量双波段成像光谱仪的设计

分析了成像光谱仪常见结构的优缺点并给出了分析过程,对望远镜系统和光谱成像系统结构进行了合理选择,实现了单一成像光谱仪同时覆盖可见近红外(VNIR)和中波红外(MWIR)双波段。根据研究目标要求设计了一个大F数(VNIR波段F/3,MWIR波段F/2)机载双波段成像光谱仪。该光谱仪双通道共用一个同轴平场无遮挡Schwarzschild望远镜,用二向色分束器分开。双通道光谱成像系统均采用同心共轴的Dyson结构,VNIR波段和MWIR波段光谱分辨率分别达到5 nm和15 nm。为使设计的系统结构合理,介绍了光束分离结构和光谱仪的光束折叠方法。设计结果表明:该系统结构简单,效果良好,谱线弯曲分别小于1.2μm和0.5μm,谱带弯曲均小于0.5μm,偏振灵敏度小于4%,适用高光谱分辨率机载双波段成像光谱仪。     

近距离热成像系统的光谱匹配因数──微分光谱匹配因数

导出了适用于近距离面目标热成像系统的微分光谱匹配因数（亦称质量因数）且。当Ｔ≈３００Ｋ、λ＝８～１４μｍ时，当Ｔ≈１０００Ｋ，λ＝３～５μｍ时，决定热成像系统的温度分辨率：ＮＥＴＤ，ＭＲＴＤ，ＭＤＴＤ。     

热成象系统的综合评价参数：光谱匹配因数

论证了红外探测器和热成象系统的所有评价参数：响应率、探测度Ｄ、信号Ｖｓ、信噪声比Ｖｓ／Ｖｎ、最大作用距离／ｍａｘ及温差分辨率ＮＥＴＤ、ＭＲＴＤ、ＭＤＴＤ等，无一例外，均要求光谱匹配因数要大。光谱匹配因数能定量反映热成象系统中不同光谱响应的红外探测器，在不同天气秒同光学系统光谱透过率下，对不同温度目标辐射光谱分布的光谱匹配，因此它是能真实、客观、全面、系统、综合、定量反映热成像系统探测效果的最佳综合     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks