电控电加热技术在镁电解石墨阳极抗氧化处理中的应用

针对镁电解生产工艺中石墨材料氧化问题,分析研究了阳极石墨常规抗氧化处理方法(高温抗氧化涂镀法、浸渍复合磷酸盐法及一浸二热磷酸浸渍法)及其存在的缺陷,提出了电控电加热技术在镁电解槽阳极抗氧化处理工艺中的应用方案。经实际应用表明,该方案对保证镁电解连续性生产、提高稳定生产和产品指标具有现实意义。     

压制工艺对石墨膜力学性能的影响

为提高柔性石墨膜的抗拉强度,以2种可膨胀石墨为原料制备了石墨膜,从原料的性质、膨化温度、成型压力、柔性石墨膜的密度、压制工艺等几个方面,分析对柔性石墨膜力学性能的影响,探讨柔性石墨膜的最佳制备工艺。结果表明:柔性石墨膜的抗拉强度随着石墨粒度、膨化温度、成型压力及材料密度的增加而逐渐增大;当选用的可膨胀石墨粒度范围为(-0.425+0.300 mm),膨化温度为1 000℃,成型压力为28 MPa,采用5次压制工艺(压力依次为3、10、16、28、28 MPa),取柔性石墨膜的密度为1.46 g/cm~3时,得到的2种柔性石墨膜的抗拉强度分别为5.68、5.26 MPa,相比优化前大幅提高。     

真空压力浸渍法制备Gr／Mg复合材料

石墨纤维增强镁基复合材料具有优良的综合性能，本文采用真空压力浸渍工艺制备出高性能的Ｇｒ／Ｍｇ复合材料。通过实验发现，适当提高预制件温度和采用ＳｉＣ颗粒混杂技术可明显改善预制件的浸渍情况和纤维分布的均匀度，当预测件温度适中时材料能获得最佳的力学性能，加入ＳｉＣ颗粒后有利于力学性能的提高，预制件温度对材料的界面也有一定的影响。     

高温抗氧化柔性石墨密封材料的制备和性能研究

柔性石墨作为密封材料广泛应用于石油、汽车、化工、核电等密封领域,但其高温抗氧化性能差大大限制了它的使用范围和应用寿命。本文采用浸渍法制备了高温抗氧化柔性石墨密封材料,系统研究了制备工艺等对其密度、抗拉强度、热失重、压缩回弹性能及密封性能的影响,结果表明所制备的高温抗氧化柔性石墨密封材料具有较好的高温抗氧化性能,同时具有较好的压缩回弹性能和优异的密封性能,可以广泛应用于高温氧化场合。     

球化孕育处理工艺对下贝氏体铸铁组织特性及力学性能的影响

采用真空中频感应炉,通过改变球化孕育处理工艺获得具有不同形态石墨的铸造试样,将铸件加热到860 ℃保温2 h,使用20 ℃的硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠饱和溶液将其连续冷却至室温,并在250 ℃低温回火2 h后空冷,获得具有不同形态石墨的下贝氏体基体组织。研究了球化孕育处理工艺对石墨球化效果的影响,以及石墨形态对热处理显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：球化处理温度及时间对铸铁中的镁吸收率有显著影响,超过1 500 ℃时,镁烧损加剧,当球化处理温度为1 450 ℃,镁吸收率达到64.2%;孕育剂添加工艺也是影响铸铁中石墨的形态和分布的重要因素,当一次孕育和二次孕育添加量分别为0.8%和1.2%时,石墨的形态以球状为主,尺寸细小且分布均匀,石墨的球化率为93%,球化级别达到2级,尺寸级别为9级;另外,均匀分布的球状石墨有利于提高热处理后下贝氏体铸铁的综合力学性能。     

无硫膨胀石墨制备及影响因素分析

以鳞片石墨、硝酸、双氧水、磷酸为原料,采用化学法经氧化酸化插层、水洗、干燥、高温膨胀过程制备无硫膨胀石墨。利用正交试验方法确定最佳工艺条件,并对相关影响因素作了分析。结果表明:按鳞片石墨、硝酸、双氧水、磷酸质量比1∶1.2∶0.2∶1.5,反应时间80 min,反应温度40℃,膨化温度900℃的条件下可以制备出膨胀体积为312 mL/g的无硫膨胀石墨,相关影响因素的大小依次为磷酸、双氧水、硝酸、反应时间。     

一步浸渍化学活化法制备膨胀石墨/活性炭复合材料

以蔗糖为炭源、磷酸为活化剂,采用一步浸渍化学活化法制备了大比表面积的膨胀石墨/活性炭复合材料;采用SEM和比表面积分析仪对材料进行了表征,研究了磷酸与蔗糖质量比和活化温度对孔结构的影响。结果表明:大部分活性炭沉积在蠕虫状膨胀石墨的表面或以蛋壳状搭接在缠绕空间中,只有少量进入膨胀石墨内部;随着磷酸与蔗糖质量比和活化温度的增大,其比表面积和孔容先增大后减小,材料中微孔逐渐向中孔发展;在磷酸与蔗糖质量比和活化温度分别为0.9和350℃时其比表面积和孔容达到最大值,分别为1 978 m2.g-1和0.931 7 cm3.g-1。     

腺汗式微孔结构金属陶瓷烧结体的制备及其性能

分别以TiH2和CaCO3为造孔剂,以Al2O3微细粉末为惰性弥散质点,采用液相烧结法制备出了具有汗腺式微孔结构的TiC-Fe-Cr-W-Mo-V系金属陶瓷烧结体,并分析了基体粉末粒度、造孔剂类型、烧结制度对烧结体孔隙度、孔隙结构、尺寸、分布以及压缩性能的影响。结果表明,以TiH2和CaCO3为复合造孔剂,辅以Al2O3微细粉末惰性弥散质点,在600 MPa压力下成形,于1230℃烧结60min制备出的TiC-Fe-Cr-W-Mo-V系金属陶瓷烧结体有典型的汗腺微孔结构特征,孔隙形状规则,分布均匀,孔径尺寸范围服从瑞利分布规律,且具有良好的力学性能,便于浸渍高温固体润滑剂以用作高温自润滑材料。     

浸锑石墨摩擦磨损特性研究

为使石墨产品能够应用于高温及重载条件下且能表现出良好的的耐磨性和自润滑性,使用机械加压工艺将熔融锑浸入石墨坯料气孔中制得浸锑石墨复合材料,并对浸渍前后样品的微观结构、摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,评价了浸锑石墨浸渍后磨损量及润滑性能的变化。结果表明,浸锑后磨损量减少96.6%,摩擦因数降低了45%,证明浸锑后石墨材料的摩擦磨损性能有所提高。     

柔性石墨密封材料

柔性石墨密封材料是新颖密封材料,目前已应用于石油、化工、炼油、仪表、化肥、农药、化学制药和热电等工业部门,收到了良好效果。柔性石墨材料属于纯石墨材料,本身不带有任何粘着剂或粘结材料,它具有耐腐蚀、耐高温、耐低温、耐高剂量辐照、各向异性、摩擦系数低和自润滑等特点。温度适应范围为-200～1600℃(惰性介质),在氧气氛中亦可适宜     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.