组合式氧化沟处理高浓度有机废水技术研究

提出并试验研究了组合式氧化沟处理高浓度有机废水的新工艺，试验表明，氧化沟可以用于高浓度有机废水处理，组合简易厌氧滤池使一体化氧化沟处理高浓度有机废水更为有效，扩大了氧化沟污水处理技术的应用范围。     

ABR处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的性能

以人工配制的高浓度硫酸盐有机废水作为原水，研究了厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的性能。结果表明，在温度为（33．2±0．1）℃、HRT为20～24h以及进水COD、硫酸盐浓度分别为5000和300～1500mg／L的条件下，ABR处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的效果较好，对COD的去除率可达90％以上，SO4^2-的还原率稳定在96％。COD／SO4^2-值是影响SRB与MPB竞争关系的重要指标，对COD去除率和SO4^2-还原率都有很大的影响。启动方式对厌氧反应器处理含硫酸盐废水的性能有很大的影响，低硫酸盐负荷启动方式会使MPB取得初始相对优势，SO4^2-还原对厌氧处理过程影响较小。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理高浓度有机废水的研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)基于生物相丰富、污泥代谢活性高、耐冲击负荷、沉降性能好、运行成本较低等优势在高浓度有机废水处理中得到广泛应用。简述了高浓度有机废水对AGS结构形态、理化性质及代谢活性的不同影响,总结了近年来AGS技术对高浓度有机废水(食品工业废水、垃圾渗滤液、制药废水、焦化废水、印染废水、高盐废水)的处理效能、影响因素及稳定性的研究进展,并在此基础上分析了AGS技术处理高浓度有机废水的可行性及发展前景。     

高浓度有机废水综合治理的中试研究

论述了通过冷却法提高结晶物数量和用纤维球过滤回收结晶物即2－羧基,3－奈甲酸产品,对过滤出水进行煤渣吸附,实现以废治废,并有一定中和作用。吸附出水再经生石灰和至中性后,可以排到城市污水处理厂处理。2－羟基,3－奈甲酸回收量达1．2千克／吨废水,总去除率达92．3－93．5％左右,COD总去除率达92．6－93．8％左右,出水对城市污水的运行无干扰作用。     

厌氧流化床处理高浓度有机废水

本文阐述了以固定化微生物作载体的气提式厌氧流化床处理高浓度有机废水的试验研究。试验结果表明,在进水COD浓度9352mg/L、充填率40％、水力停留时间12h、有机容积负荷18.7kgCOD/m~3·d、污泥负荷为1.34kgCOD/kgVSS.d等情况下,其COD去除率均超过90％。     

超声波-混凝-膨润土吸附工艺处理高浓度氨氮废水研究

采用超声波-混凝沉淀-膨润土吸附工艺对高浓度氨氮污水进行处理,并通过现场生产试验证明了该技术的可行性。结果表明,该工艺的出水氨氮指标能够满足《稀土工业污染物排放标准》（GB26451_2011）要求;超声对氨氮的去除率为79．9％-86．4％;采用氨回收器能回收到浓度为18％的氨水;混凝沉淀对氨氮的去除率为88％,污泥中含有的MAP可作为农用肥出售,并产生一定的效益;采用天然漂白土进行吸附能够保证出水氨氮达标排放。通过经济核算,污水处理成本受超声工艺脱氮效果的影响较大,单位污水的处理成本为0．50～2．35元。     

不同接种污泥对UASB反应器处理毒性有机废水的影响

对未经培养的城市污水处理厂消化污泥和经短期培养的城市污水处理厂消化污泥分别作为ＵＡＳＢ反应器的接种污泥，进行了处理含有毒性物质树脂生产废水的比较试验，由于毒性物质的存在，消化污泥直接作为ＵＡＳＢ反应器的接种污泥时，不能形成活性高、沉淀性能良好的颗粒污泥，因此反应器的容积负荷低、出水ＳＳ高，污泥流失，为了维持系统的稳定运行，必须采取污泥回流的措施；经短期培养的消化污泥作为ＵＡＳＢ反应器的接种污泥时，     

吸附法处理酸性废水的研究

随着社会经济的日益发展和人类生活水平的提高,人们对水污染的意识越来越淡薄,水污染也随之变得越来越严重。尤其是煤矿废水,污染明显。本课题以酸性废水为实验对象,根据它的水质特征,主要对此处理工艺的关键单元——吸附单元进行理论和实验研究。     

厌氧处理硫酸盐有机废水的微生物学

对间歇厌氧反应器、UASB反应器、复合式厌氧反应器和厌氧滤池污泥中的发酵细菌、硫酸盐还原菌、产甲烷菌的数量和生物相进行了分析,并观察了颗粒污泥的结构,剖析了影响厌氧颗粒污泥形成的因素。     

高浓度活性红染料废水处理初步研究

以模拟高浓度染料有机废水为研究对象,采用厌氧-好氧-活性炭吸附处理工艺进行了处理研究．结果表明,废水经12h厌氧处理,CODcr去除率为36．6％,BODs去除率为26．3％,色度去除率为83％;经好氧处理24h,CODcr,去除率为75．1％,色度去除率为85％;最后经活性炭吸附处理,出水符合综合废水一级排放标准．     

Volatile organic compound (VOC) adsorption on material: influence of gas phase concentration, relative humidity and VOC type

This paper presents the results of a factorial experiment design analysis to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOC) adsorption on a ceiling tile. The impacts of three factors, VOC gas phase concentration, relative humidity, and VOC type, as single parameters and as a combination, on adsorption have been investigated. Cyclohexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol and methanol were the five VOCs used in this study. A factor significant level was determined through evaluating its F value and comparing it with the critical value of F distribution at 95% confidence level. It was found that: (i) neither the relative humidity and gas phase concentration nor any interaction effect between them had significant impacts on toluene adsorption on the ceiling tile; (ii) the adsorption isotherm appeared to be linear for the non-polar compounds and non-linear for the semi-polar and polar compounds; (iii) no significant impact of relative humidity on adsorption was observed for most VOC compounds except for methanol; and (iv) the ceiling tile had the highest adsorption capacity toward the polar compounds, followed by the aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds. In addition, the statistical analysis regarding the experimental results of toluene as a single compound or as a part of a mixture showed that toluene adsorption capacity on the ceiling tile as a single compound was higher than as a part of a mixture. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Building materials and furnishings may act as source and sink of VOCs in the indoor environment. In this study, a factorial experiment design analysis technique was used to show the impact of three factors, VOC gas phase concentration, relative humidity, and VOC type, as single parameters and as a combination, on the adsorption process (sink effect). The aim was to better understand the interaction between these parameters and to verify the common assumptions made in the model development and measurement of indoor air quality.     

Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia concentration

The objective of this paper was to determine the best conditions for partial nitrification with nitrite accumulation of simulated industrial wastewater with high ammonia concentration, lowering the total oxygen needed in the nitrification step, which may mean great saving in aeration. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH were selected as operational parameters to study the possibility of nitrite accumulation not affecting overall ammonia removal. A 2.5L activated sludge reactor was operated in nitrification mode, feeding a synthetic wastewater simulating an industrial wastewater with high ammonia concentration. During the start-up a pH of 7.85 and a DO of 5.5mg/L were used. The reactor was operated until stable operation was achieved at final nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 3.3kgN- NH(4)(+)/m(3)d with an influent ammonia concentration of 610mg N-NH(4)(+)/L.The influence of pH was studied in continuous operation in the range of 6.15-9.05, changing the reactor pH in steps until ammonia accumulation (complete nitrification inhibition) took place. The influence of DO was studied in the same mode, changing the DO in steps from 5.5 to 0.5mg/L.The pH was not a useful operational parameter in order to accumulate nitrite, because in the range of pH 6.45-8.95 complete nitrification to nitrate occurs. At pH lower than 6.45 and higher than 8.95 complete inhibition of nitrification takes place. Setting DO concentration in the reactor at 0.7mg/L, it was possible to accumulate more than 65% of the loaded ammonia nitrogen as nitrite with a 98% ammonia conversion. Below 0.5mg/L of DO ammonia was accumulated and over a DO of 1.7mg/L complete nitrification to nitrate was achieved.In conclusion, it is possible under the conditions of this study, to treat high ammonia synthetic wastewater achieving an accumulation of at least 65% of the loaded nitrogen as nitrite, operating at a DO around 0.7mg/L. This represents a reduction close to 20% in the oxygen necessary, and therefore a considerable saving in aeration.     

UASB-BCO工艺处理低浓度生活污水的试验研究

采用配制的低浓度有机废水对低温条件下,UASB-BCD工艺处理生活污水进行了研究,结果表明水温在8℃～25℃的条件下,HRT在6．83h左右时,COD,BOD5的去除率分别可达93．58％,94．53％左右,证明了UASB-BCO在低温条件下处理城市生活污水效果稳定,处理时间短,容积负荷高。     

Modeling high adsorption capacity and kinetics of organic macromolecules on super-powdered activated carbon

The capacity to adsorb natural organic matter (NOM) and polystyrene sulfonates (PSSs) on small particle-size activated carbon (super-powdered activated carbon, SPAC) is higher than that on larger particle-size activated carbon (powdered-activated carbon, PAC). Increased adsorption capacity is likely attributable to the larger external surface area because the NOM and PSS molecules do not completely penetrate the adsorbent particle; they preferentially adsorb near the outer surface of the particle. In this study, we propose a new isotherm equation, the Shell Adsorption Model (SAM), to explain the higher adsorption capacity on smaller adsorbent particles and to describe quantitatively adsorption isotherms of activated carbons of different particle sizes: PAC and SPAC. The SAM was verified with the experimental data of PSS adsorption kinetics as well as equilibrium. SAM successfully characterized PSS adsorption isotherm data for SPACs and PAC simultaneously with the same model parameters. When SAM was incorporated into an adsorption kinetic model, kinetic decay curves for PSSs adsorbing onto activated carbons of different particle sizes could be simultaneously described with a single kinetics parameter value. On the other hand, when SAM was not incorporated into such an adsorption kinetic model and instead isotherms were described by the Freundlich model, the kinetic decay curves were not well described. The success of the SAM further supports the adsorption mechanism of PSSs preferentially adsorbing near the outer surface of activated carbon particles.     

AO—MBR工艺短程硝化处理高氨氮废水试验研究

采用AO—MBR工艺短程硝化处理高氨氮废水,系统可以快速启动实现全程硝化。结果表明,AO—MBR工艺在温度为24～32℃,pH值为7．8～8．4,好氧池DO降至0．5mg／L时,运行21天后全程硝化转变为稳定的短程硝化,氨氮去除率和亚硝酸盐氮积累率均大于90％;接种后及硝化类型转变时污泥浓度会大幅降低,运行中后期污泥浓度基本保持稳定。     

烟草废水处理工艺技术研究

针对烟草废水中的不同污染物,综述了烟草废水的主要工艺处理技术,并对这些工艺处理技术的优缺点进行了分析和总结,提出建议和展望,以指导实践。     

铁碳内电解预处理高浓度制药废水试验研究

针对制药废水有机物含量高、可生化性差的特点,利用铁碳微电解作为预处理方法,考察初始pH值、反应时间、铁碳质量比、铁屑投加量等因素对废水处理效果的影响,并考察了该技术对废水可生化性的影响,旨在为高浓度难降解制药废水的处理探索一条经济实用的新途径,并为其工业化应用做出铺垫。     

Nitrification in saline wastewater with high ammonia concentration in an activated sludge unit

A nitrifying activated sludge reactor fed with a high salinity medium was operated efficiently at ammonia loading rates between 1 and 4 g NH4+ -N l(-1) d(-1). The system became completely inefficient at inlet salt concentrations higher than 525 mM due to the mixed inhibition effect of salts and ammonia. The final product was mainly nitrate although dissolved oxygen limitations caused sporadic ammonia and nitrite accumulations. Specific nitrifying activity decreased due to the saline effect. A set of activity tests showed that in the continuous reactor non-adapted biomass is rather more sensitive than biomass to the saline effect. Physical properties of biomass in the reactor (sludge volumetric index and zone settling velocity) were not affected by the saline concentration, a biomass concentration of 20 gVSS l(-1) was achieved.