氯离子通道杀虫剂靶标的研究进展

配体门控氯离子通道和电压门控氯离子通道都是杀虫剂的作用靶标,配体门控氯离子通道是抑制剂激发膜兴奋性的基础元件,γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）受体是一种氯离子载体复合物,是目前应用的杀虫剂的主要作用位点。林丹、硫丹、氟虫腈等杀虫剂能阻断弘氨基丁酸门控氯离子通道,引起神经抑制,导致中枢神经系统过度兴奋、惊厥,甚至造成机体死亡。电压门控氯离子通道是氯离子通道的家族又一个大的成员,依赖于电压的氯离子通道与维持电兴奋性、氯离子释放和吸收、内囊酸化、细胞内容物调节等生理活性相关,目前电压门控氯离子通道逐步成为杀虫剂的靶标成为研究热点。本文综述了杀虫剂靶标氯离子通道与杀虫剂作用的研究进展。     

茚虫威、氰氟虫腙及其他钠通道抑制剂杀虫剂对哺乳动物电压门控钠通道的作用机制和作用位点

<正>从首次发现钠通道抑制剂杀虫剂到商业化生产,大约用了30年的时间。由于这类杀虫剂在土壤中长期不能分解以及对哺乳动物具有高毒性等缺陷,因此尽管其杀虫能力很强却一直没有商业化产品出现。然而,茚虫威和氰氟虫腙的商业化开发展示了这类杀虫剂的实用价值,为此,开发新的环境友好和毒性低的钠通道抑制剂具有潜在可能性。以前的综述主要考虑了2004年以前有关钠通     

囊泡相关膜蛋白8的研究进展

膜融合对真核生物的诸多生命活动至关重要,需要不同的囊泡转运蛋白互相配合,从而特异性协调并辅助不同生物膜的融合,这些囊泡转运蛋白高度保守。囊泡相关膜蛋白8(vesicle associated membrane protein 8,VAMP8)主要定位于囊泡膜和溶酶体膜,其在多种不同生物膜的融合中发挥重要作用。本文就VAMP8的分子结构、转录调控和翻译后修饰、生物学功能及其与人类疾病相关性的研究进展作一综述,以期为治疗相关疾病和开发有效的VAMP8靶点药物提供新思路。     

New Insights into Ion Channels: Predicting hERG-Drug Interactions

Drug-induced long QT syndrome can be a very dangerous side effect of existing and developmental drugs. In this work, a model proposed two decades ago addressing the ion specificity of potassium channels is extended to the human ether-à-gogo gene (hERG). hERG encodes the protein that assembles into the potassium channel responsible for the delayed rectifier current in ventricular cardiac myocytes that is often targeted by drugs associated with QT prolongation. The predictive value of this model can guide a rational drug design decision early in the drug development process and enhance NCE (New Chemical Entity) retention. Small molecule drugs containing a nitrogen that can be protonated to afford a formal +1 charge can interact with hERG to prevent the repolarization of outward rectifier currents. Low-level ab initio calculations are employed to generate electronic features of the drug molecules that are known to interact with hERG. These calculations were employed to generate structure–activity relationships (SAR) that predict whether a small molecule drug containing a protonated nitrogen has the potential to interact with and inhibit the activity of the hERG potassium channels of the heart. The model of the mechanism underlying the ion specificity of potassium channels offers predictive value toward optimizing drug design and, therefore, minimizes the effort and expense invested in compounds with the potential for life-threatening inhibitory activity of the hERG potassium channel.     

聚偏氟乙烯膜的亲水性改性研究进展

疏水性聚合物膜的亲水性改性是当前分离膜研究的热点之一。从膜表面亲水改性和膜材料亲水性改性的角度出发,综述了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)分离膜的各种改性方法的特点及改性效果,分析了其亲水改性机理,指出膜材料共混改性是今后发展的主要方向。     

新型硫酸根离子浓度测量系统

在陈欣＾「２」等人研制的硫酸根离子浓度快速分析仪表的基础上,设计了一套基于个人计算机的硫酸根离子浓度测试系统。该系统采用自适应滤波消除工频等噪声干扰,克服了原有快速分析仪的误差大等缺点。     

聚四氟乙烯膜的亲水化改性研究进展

疏水性聚合物膜的亲水性改性是当前分离膜研究的热点之一。从等离子处理、等离子体接枝聚合、辐射接枝、化学改性和溅涂等几个方面综述了PTFE分离膜的各种亲水化改性方法的特点和改性效果,分析了其亲水改性机理,以及改性膜在生物和化工方面的应用。     

纤维素纳米纤维及其改性产物吸附重金属的研究进展

重金属污染是目前全世界面临的一个重大挑战,传统治理方法成本高、效率低等缺陷已不符合当今社会可持续发展战略。纤维素纳米纤维（cellulose nanofiber,CNF）因可再生、活性高、比表面积大和密度低等优点,在重金属吸附领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文主要综述了CNF的化学改性方法及其改性产物在水体系重金属离子吸附中的应用进展。首先对CNF的改性进行了系统的综述,主要包括化学接枝改性（羧基化、氨基化、巯基化、磷酸基化、磺酸基化和醛基化和硅烷化等）与接枝共聚改性。其次从结构设计方面重点阐述了改性CNF以气凝胶、水凝胶和复合膜等不同形态对水体系中重金属离子进行吸附的应用研究。最后,对CNF基重金属吸附剂的优缺点进行了讨论,指出了CNF基重金属吸附剂在局限性和适用性等方面的挑战,展望了CNF在水体系重金属离子去除领域的发展方向。     

Advances in drug delivery systems based on synthetic poly(hydroxybutyrate) (co)polymers

Within the general context of nanomedicine, drug delivery systems based on polymers have sparked a rapidly growing interest and raised many efforts to tackle various diseases, among which cancer. Polyester-based nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, including polymer-drug conjugates and amphiphilic block copolymers, represent a major class with promising outcomes, especially for those derived from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). This review describes recent advances in drug delivery systems designed from the self-assembly of synthetic (co)polymers derived from PHB. The various strategies for the synthesis of PHB-conjugates, PHB/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and other PHB-based copolymers are first summarized. Nanoparticles, micelles, microparticles, and hydrogels elaborated from these (co)polymers following various preparation methods, along with their exploitation in the encapsulation and release of various therapeutic agents, are next detailed. Finally, we discuss the synthetic challenges, drug delivery outlooks, and perspectives of PHB-based drug delivery systems. Engineered nano-scaled materials based on PHB self-assembled systems are thus anticipated to emerge as a valuable platform for original drug delivery systems.     

Role of non-functionalized oxide nanoparticles on mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of epoxy nanocomposites

Over the past few decades, the use of epoxy resins has gained significant attention from worldwide researchers due to its advantages in structural applications in various sectors like automotive, construction, and aerospace industries. This article summarizes and reviews the research on mechanical properties and toughening mechanism of epoxy composites filled with non-functionalized oxide nanoparticles. The incorporation of nanomaterials into the polymer matrix has been considered to be the most effective route to improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites. But the inherent brittle nature and cross-linking ability of epoxy makes it vulnerable to crack initiation and crack growth and limits its use in advanced structural applications. Recently, various kinds of nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), organic and inorganic oxide nanoparticles have attracted industrial interest due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties which can provide a dramatic improvement in the properties of epoxy composites but their dispersion issue, agglomeration and bundling problems deteriorate several important mechanical parameters of the epoxy composites. To date, no review article focused on the role of non-functionalized oxide nanoparticles on the improvement in mechanical properties of the reinforced epoxy composites. This review article assesses and summarizes some most recent findings on the de-agglomeration process, mechanical properties, and toughening mechanisms of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with four types of most preferred non-functionalized oxide nanoparticles such as Al₂O₃, TiO₂, SiO_2, and ZrO₂.     

Effect of hBN addition on the fabrication,mechanical and tribological properties of Sialon materials

This work aims to investigate the effect of hBN on the friction and wear resistance of Sialon composite. Sialon and its composite with 10 wt% hBN were fabricated by SPS sintering. The effect of hBN additive on the phase composition, microstructure, densification behavior, mechanical and dry sliding tribological properties of Sialon material was studied. Being sintered at 1600 °C for 10 min, compared to monolithic Sialon, Sialon-hBN composite has more refined β-Sialon grains with smaller aspect ratios and slightly declined relative density. The hardness of the Sialon-hBN composite was reduced due to the weak bonding between Sialon and hBN grains. Nevertheless, its fracture toughness increased ascribing to the toughening mechanisms, including crack deflection and crack bridging. hBN had an essential impact on the tribological performances of the composite due to its lower friction coefficient and good lubrication action. Under the same densification level (i.e., with a relative density of around 97.5%), the friction and wear resistance of Sialon-hBN composite were much better than monolithic Sialon. The main wear mechanisms were tribolayer formation, oxidized wear, and abrasive wear.     

PBS基三元共聚物的合成及性能研究

在PBS主链中同时引入己内酯(CL)和1,4-环己烷二甲醇(1,4-CHDM),或CL和二乙醇酸(DGA)得到了PBS-co-PCL-co-CHDM和PBS-co-PCL-co-DGA三元共聚物。通过1H-NMR、FTIR对三元共聚物的结构进行了表征,并采用热分析、广角X射线衍射分析和拉力试验比较了三元共聚物的性能。结果表明:随着CL、1,4-CHDM、DGA的引入,三元共聚物的结晶尺寸有所减小,结晶度降低,与PBS相比晶型略有变化;并且tanδ均增大,而储能模量均降低;在CL同时存在的条件下,1,4-CHDM的加入使共聚物的的玻璃化温度(Tg)上升为-30℃,DGA的加入却使Tg下降为-36℃,但二者的热分解温度仍在300℃以上;改性后三元共聚物的柔韧性增强断,裂伸长率显著提高。