建立科技型中小企业社会化服务网络体系的探索

随着我国科技型中小企业的迅猛发展.社会化服务的科技中介与技术服务业的市场需求也日趋扩大,科技中介服务机构在向专业化发展过程中正逐步实现其服务体系的组织网络化、功能社会化、服务产业化。出现了生产力促进中心、信息服务中心、创业中心、技术市场、技术产权交易所和科技评估中心等多种组织形式。目前,由于科技型中小企业社会化服务体系在服务能力和服务功能上还远未能适应经济快速发展的需要,建立、健全社会化服务体系显得尤为迫切。     

科技型中小企业信贷政策评价及对策

科技型中小企业是我国技术创新的主要载体和经济增长的重要推动力量,在促进科技成果转化和产业化、以创新带动就业、建设创新型国家中发挥着重要作用。但是融资难问题一直困扰着科技型中小企业的发展。党中央、国务院十分重视中小企业尤其是科技型中小企业的金融服务工作,多次出台相关政策与文件给予支持。本文简要梳理了科技型中小企业的信贷扶持政策,分析了其信贷困难的原因,提出要抓好政策落实,创新财政资金引导支持方式,鼓励发展中小型银行业金融机构及专业银行,大力发展中介力量,促进银、政、企、保等相关方的紧密结合,以及创新金融产品、实行差别化监管等对策建议。     

中兴新太获93万创新基金

1月18日,中兴新太数据通信有限公司宣布,由该公司自主开发的CINMS(Commercial IPNet Management System)商用IP网络计费和网管系统软件项目通过了科技部科技型中小企业技术创新基金的评审,获得贷款贴息93万元,可贷款约1600万元。科技型中小企业技术创新基金于1999年6月经国务院批准设立。是以推动科技型中小企业技术创新活动、为高新技术成果转化提供基金支持     

基于网络层次分析法的无线自组网性能评估指标研究

为避免无线自组网中评估指标体系过于庞大,评估过程过于复杂,通常可以采用建立评估指标体系的方法简化指标.本文将网络层次分析法,应用于无线自组网性能评估,分析性能指标间的相关性,并采用极大不相关法,有效地简化了指标体系,建立了无线自组网性能评估指标体系.仿真结果和数据分析表明:网络层次分析法有效解决了指标复杂的问题,确保了...     

基于层次分析法与模糊理论的卫星效能评估

卫星系统效能准确评估问题,是卫星方案设计及优化提高卫星系统运行效率的基础.由于卫星面对多任务观测,无法准确评估完成任务的效能.所以,评估指标体系及评估方法的合理应用便成为效能评估的关键技术.为此提出采用指标体系和评估方法描述的目的是能在仿真环境中以标准化的流程来检验卫星系统的效能,通过分析卫星系统效能评估的特点,首先建立卫星效能评估的指标体系,然后通过层次分析法对其进行权重计算,并通过计算机仿真获取各指标的数值,最后使用模糊评判模型对卫星系统综合效能进行计算,取得了较好的效果,验证了数据的真实性和方法的可行性,解决了系统中非线性、高耦合的难题.     

科技型中小企业技术创新探讨

改革开放以来,科技型中小企业在我国发展迅速。科技型中小企业是我国中小企业队伍中的一支新生力量,是广大科技人员投身市场经济、依靠技术创新将科技成果迅速转化为现实生产力的创举,是科技与经济结合的成功范例。历经20多年的发展,它己从简单地提供技术咨询服务、课题攻关和成果转化,发展成为国民经济中的一支充满生机和活力的生力军,成为持续健康快速发展的中国经济的新的增长点。一、我国科技型中小企业技术创新的现状和主要障碍(一)我国科技型中小企业技术创新的现状科技型中小企业从其诞生之日起,就将技术开发工作放在企业的中心地位,…     

作战飞机方案设计评估指标体系研究

作战飞机方案设计评估是飞机研制过程的关键环节,而方案设计评估指标体系的建立是保证方案设计科学合理的重要基础.针对现代作战飞机发展的新技术、新思想以及作战飞机方案设计的特点,提出以系统效能、寿命周期费用和研制周期作为上层评估指标,并对以上指标进行了分解,给出构造的作战飞机方案设计的评估指标体系,同时对该评估指标体系作了简要介绍与可用性分析,最后给出了具体的设计方案验证的方法并运用实例对该评估指标体系进行了验证,结果表明该指标体系在对作战飞机设计方案评估时具有一定的实用性.     

创新基金成为中小企业“支点”

国家科技型中小企业技术创新基金（以下简称创新基金）是1999年经国务院批准,科技部、财政部共同管理的一项政府专项基金,专门用于扶持和引导科技型中小企业技术创新活动。     

图像隐写算法评估体系的解释结构模型研究

隐写算法的评估是以隐写系统安全性角度出发,总结出了抗检测性、鲁棒性、抗容量探测性等多个性能指标,构建了评估指标集.并采用解释结构模型法对评估指标体系进行分析。重点讨论了方法的应用和结果的分析,给出了对图像隐写算法评估体系建立和分析的思路与方法。     

基于网格的高等教育评估系统研究

应用模糊数学、网格、神经网络等技术,结合高等教育评估指标体系,提出一种基于网格的高等教育计算机模糊评估的设计方案.该方案采用了多策略方法确定指标权重,并用模糊神经网络技术确定评估矩阵;在此基础上对高等教育进行综合评估,以实现对高等教育的评估更加快捷、方便、准确.     

Adoption of software as a service in Indonesia: Examining the influence of organizational factors

In this study, we investigated the organizational factors that influenced Indonesian companies in their decision to adopt software as a service (SaaS). Based on a multiple-case study of 18 Indonesian companies, we identified three patterns: Top management support is an enabler for SaaS adoption; small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are more likely to adopt SaaS than large companies; and organizational readiness is not an enabler for SaaS adoption. The last two patterns contradict existing information technology (IT) innovation adoption research. We explain this by examining the nature of SaaS as an IT innovation and the characteristics of Indonesia as a developing country.     

The changing roles of a multinational enterprise's subsidiaries and headquarters in innovation transfer: A network perspective

The aim of this paper is to identify the changing roles of actors involved in successful innovation transfer within a multinational enterprise. This should help in understanding how multinational enterprises are paving the way for performance management and management control in the innovation network. In examining successful innovation transfer, we identify how the internal (HQ, subsidiaries) and external actors contribute to innovation transfer and how this involvement changes over time. For the analysis, we use case studies of four different multinational enterprises and their chosen successful innovation transfer assessed from the perspective of their subsidiaries. In the analysis, we apply the idea of developing, producing and using settings of innovation derived from industrial network analysis. Our study makes a useful contribution to existing literature by shedding more light on the phenomenon of successful innovation transfer and providing a new, dynamic perspective on the roles of internal and external actors of multinational enterprises in this innovation transfer. We identify the changing roles of headquarters and subsidiaries in successful innovation transfer, indicate the importance of sister subsidiaries for this process and the lack of necessity to involve external customers in order to achieve a successful innovation transfer.     

Learning Organisations: The Process of Innovation and Technological Change

In the present scenario of globalisation, knowledge has become the prime factor of production for competitive advantage. This calls for acquisition and utilisation of knowledge for innovation and technical change on a constant basis, which is only possible in a ‘learning organisation’. Innovative activities of a learning organisation are influenced by three main factors: (1) internal learning; (2) external learning; and (3) the innovation strategies decided upon by the enterprise management. An assumption has been made that, particularly in developing countries, absorption and adaptation of technologies, i.e. indigenisation, take place through a process of ‘learning by doing’. Taking this into consideration, this paper focuses on a few case studies carried out at NISTADS, New Delhi, India, on small enterprises in the formal as well as traditional sectors, highlighting the learning process in an organisational context and how it brings in innovation and technological change at enterprise level. The study demonstrates that the learning environment in an organisational context is an indispensable process to be innovative and building up capabilities for technological change. This in turn also calls for strong networking of the enterprises with academia, R&D institutions and other enterprises, to create knowledge clusters. This builds up a strong case for a network approach of learning organisations not only at the regional level but also at the cross-cultural level for constant innovation and technical change.     

Successful Patterns of Internal SME Characteristics Leading to High Overall Innovation Performance

Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) struggle with the paradox of developing new products and technologies on the one hand and minimizing costs on the other. These SMEs must be innovative to survive and grow. However, compared to large firms, SMEs have several problems in their innovation process, which negatively influence their overall innovation performance. This research explores successful patterns of internal SME characteristics that lead to high overall innovation performance. Cluster analyses were conducted to find patterns in the internal characteristics of SMEs with high overall innovation performance. We find that companies that focus on incremental innovation and that achieve high overall innovation performance indeed share a pattern in their internal organization, when controlling for innovation type. The paper adds to the current body of knowledge by comparing high‐ and low‐performing companies based on competence differences. Because real‐life organizations consist of multiple organizational characteristics, we also contribute to management practice by simultaneously addressing multiple organizational characteristics for the successful organization of innovation.     

A roadmap to adopting emerging technology in e-business: an empirical study

This study explores the readiness of enterprises for developing emerging e-business technology. A three-staged e-business technology roadmap is proposed, from pre-e-business, to transactional e-business, and then to on-demand e-business. We use the diffusion of innovation theory to identify a series of enterprises’ internal capabilities and environmental drivers that can explain enterprises’ e-business adoption along our proposed roadmap. The model is validated in a survey of 175 businesses from the Taiwanese PC industry. The results show that enterprises’ internal capabilities are more influential than the environmental drivers when the enterprises move from the pre-e-business stage to the transactional e-business stage. As enterprises start to migrate to on-demand e-business, environmental factors play a critical role in determining the adoption. The implications of this study are multi-fold. Enterprises can use this model to evaluate their current readiness for the adoption of emerging e-business technology. By locating their current status in the roadmap, they can also understand the steps they should take to improve their readiness.     

IT diffusion in small and medium‐sized enterprises: Elements for policy definition

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to discuss the main elements that define an information technology (IT) diffusion policy for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and to discuss the relevance of this policy for developing countries. The paper will review how innovation and regional development studies confer on SMEs an important role in economic development. Furthermore, it presents a discussion on the present supply and demand oriented IT diffusion policies in developed countries, that reveals the challenges for policy definition. In conclusion, the main elements that define an IT policy for SMEs will be highlighted, and lessons for developing countries will be discussed.     

Human resource management contribution to innovation in small and medium‐sized enterprises: A mixed methods approach

This article addresses the contribution of human resource management systems (HRMS) and three social resources (trust, knowledge sharing and organizational commitment) to innovation in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). The study adopts a mixed methods approach by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Results show that causal configurations leading to innovation in SME are fewer (4) than causal configurations leading to the absence of innovation (6). However, pathways to innovation in SMEs are less demanding than trails leading to the absence of innovation; such results should encourage managers. Results seem to suggest that diminished levels of trust, as well as poor knowledge sharing among individuals, and the existence of normative commitment may prevent innovation, which should alert SME managers. Implications for theory regard the hierarchy of determinants leading to innovation: HRMS beat commitment. Empirical consequences arise: managers aiming to innovate should pay close attention to the implementation of HRMS.     

Resources,state ownership and innovation capability: Evidence from Chinese automakers

Promoting innovation has been a major task for both business practitioners and governments in emerging markets. Based on the resource‐based view, this study examines the contributing factors of firms' innovation capability and the contingent role of state ownership. Utilizing data on 102 Chinese automobile firms, we found that financial resources, R&D human capital, innovation leadership, collaborative culture, and government support positively relate to firms' innovation capability. Moreover, the firm's ownership type serves as a boundary condition for the resource–capability relationship. The significance of different resources in developing innovation capability vary for firms with different ownership types. In particular, government support and R&D human capital have stronger effects in promoting non‐state‐owned enterprises' innovation capability. From a practical standpoint, developing innovation capability should consider the critical role of ownership. Specifically, while state‐owned enterprises can capitalize on organizational and financial resources to enhance innovation capability, it is also important for them to transform bureaucratized systems into more market‐orientated ones and facilitate the effective utilization of R&D human capital and government support.     

基于粗糙集-主成分分析的企业创新能力评价实证研究

基于数据挖掘中粗糙集理论对影响企业创新能力指标进行约简后,提取影响企业创新能力的主要指标,然后应用统计学中的主成分分析进行综合评价。最后,用某企业的具体统计数据,得出该企业对比其他企业的创新能力水平,以证明方法的有效性。