Present and future possibilities within computer aided design

In this paper a survey of the computer field developments as regards functions, performance and costs is given. The implications of these developments to computer aided design are then presented. Finally the possibilities of designing and implementing fully automated integrated systems for computer aided design are discussed.Although emphasis in this paper will be put on structural design, examples from other areas are given in order to illustrate the potentialities of the general methods.     

Internet-enabled computer aided design

Advances in computer networks are rapidly changing the way engineering is performed, making computer-aided design the front door to a web of interconnected software, information, and human resources. CAD software is the “browser” through which design interfaces with these resources. For engineering design, the network promises to integrate activities across enterprises and throughout product life cycles. This article describes some of the technology trends influencing network-enabled CAD, with a particular focus on how companies are assimilating new Internet and object-oriented concepts. It reflects nearly two years of discussions with many people in both the software and engineering industries, including discussions held at industry-focused panels and workshops sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology     

薄膜蒸发器远程参数化设计技术研究

针对单机版薄膜蒸发器参数化设计系统的诸多局限性,研究了B/S模式远程参数化设计的基本原理及实现方法,并开发了基于WebClass的薄膜蒸发器远程参数化设计系统,对实现其它过程设备的远程参数化设计有一定的参考价值。     

Computer aided tools of ergonomics and system design

Anthropometric digital human models are well established and used in order to get a better design of human‐adapted machines. By the application of electronics and computer operated machines, nearly arbitrary design of controlling and operating the technical equipment seems possible. So more and more the question arises: What is operable by the human operator and what leads probably to a disaster due to much stress. By applying systems ergonomic rules, this can be avoided to a far extent. In order to consider these rules already in an early state of development, it seems useful to incorporate such rules in digital human models. By this procedure, cognitive human models will be created. The combination of such models with anthropometric digital human models will lead to the possibility to carry out virtual experiments under the condition of computer aided design. So, in the future, more ergonomic knowledge will be considered by this new technique. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Geometric modelling as an integral part of computer aided design and manufacturing systems

This paper discusses the current state of geometric models and the developments and improvements that must be made before such models can become widely used in industry. A system, developed at the Product Engineering Laboratory NTH-SINTEF, that integrates geometric modelling with process planning, NC part programming, and quality control, is presented.     

Interactive computer aided design using computer graphics

The development of a software system for general network design using interactive computer graphics poses many problems, which must be solved in a way consistent with the principles of man-machine communication as applied to network design, so as to obtain a system suited both to networks of any nature and also to any type of network design technique.This paper states the principles influencing the development of such a system and presents the design decisions made and the one implementation.     

Future directions and research issues for ergonomics and advanced manufacturing technology (AMT)

In recent years, great progress has been made in the development of computer-based technologies that support the manufacturing industries. Those concerned with advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) are becoming increasingly aware of the fundamental importance of human organisational issues for the successful development, implementation, operation and maintenance of AMT. The discipline of industrial ergonomics and occupational occupational psychology, therefore, have a significant contribution to make in this field. This paper introduces the special issue, Ergonomics Matters in AMT, and presents a discussion of some of the future directions of AMT and the likely implications for ergonomics research.     

The Cayley method in computer aided geometric design

A thorough treatment of the Cayley method of elimination is given, with particular emphasis on its implementation to solve problems in computational geometry. An easily programmable formula for the Cayley matrix is derived, it is shown how to extract the birational correspondence from the Cayley matrix, numerous examples are worked, and the connection between the Cayley method and the Euclidean Algorithm is explained.     

Genetic algorithms in computer aided design

Design is a complex engineering activity, in which computers are more and more involved. The design task can often be seen as an optimization problem in which the parameters or the structure describing the best quality design are sought.Genetic algorithms constitute a class of search algorithms especially suited to solving complex optimization problems. In addition to parameter optimization, genetic algorithms are also suggested for solving problems in creative design, such as combining components in a novel, creative way.Genetic algorithms transpose the notions of evolution in Nature to computers and imitate natural evolution. Basically, they find solution(s) to a problem by maintaining a population of possible solutions according to the ‘survival of the fittest’ principle. We present here the main features of genetic algorithms and several ways in which they can solve difficult design problems. We briefly introduce the basic notions of genetic algorithms, namely, representation, genetic operators, fitness evaluation, and selection. We discuss several advanced genetic algorithms that have proved to be efficient in solving difficult design problems. We then give an overview of applications of genetic algorithms to different domains of engineering design.     

基于ASP技术的计算机辅助工业设计系统的设计与研究

随着计算机网络技术的迅猛发展,全球经济面临着深刻的变革。计算机技术的发展使得制造业发生了很大变化。为了更好地将计算机技术应用到工业上去,本文提出了一种基于服务提供商模式的解决方案,用于解决计算机辅助工业设计中网络化制造的问题。本文设计并开发的系统由四个工具集构成,每个工具都是利用可重用组件技术进行开发,动态加载到计算机辅助工业设计平台中。本文重点研究了工具集中的形态布局、色彩方案、人机设计等技术,开发出的系统可以为企业提供一些基本的计算机辅助工业设计应用服务。实验表明,该系统能够提高企业的工作效率,提高企业的设计能力,对网络化制造业具有重要意义。     

A framework for extending computer aided process planning to include business activities and computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) data retrieval

Computer aided process planning (CAPP) systems have had limited success in integrating business functions and product manufacturing due to the inaccessibility and incompatibility of information residing in proprietary software. While large companies have developed or purchased complex order management and engineering applications, smaller manufacturers continue to use semi-automated and manual methods for managing information throughout the lifecycle of each new product and component. There is a need for reconfigurable and reprogrammable systems that combine advances in computer aided design (CAD/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) technology and intelligent machining with product data management for documentation and cost control. The goal of this research is to demonstrate an architecture in which customer service, CAPP and a costing methodology known as activity based costing (ABC) are incorporated into a single system, thereby allowing companies to monitor and study how expenditures are incurred and which resources are being used by each job. The material presented in this paper is the result of a two year university and industry sponsored research project in which professors and students at the Costa Rica Institute of Technology developed a software application for FEMA Industrial S.A., a local machining and fabrication shop with sixty five employees and both conventional and CNC capabilities. The final results represent not only a significant contribution to local industry and to the students’ education but, also to the continuing growth of CAPP. Implementing better decision making tools and standardizing transactions in digital format would reduce the workload on critical personnel and archive valuable knowledge for analyzing company methods and expertise.     

The application of interactive graphics to computer aided circuit design

When a computer is used in electric circuit design it forms part of an iterative loop and so the ergonomics of its input and output become of major importance. A circuit analysis program is described, which uses interactive graphics, and which was designed with particular attention given to ergonomics.     

Automatic surface generation in computer aided design

A technique for smoothly blending algebraic surfaces and a language for syntactic specification of objects are developed. Their use in automated design is illustrated by a gate valve example in which all fillets, edge roundings and joining surfaces are automatically constructed. The resulting object has an internal representation that is particularly amenable to interactive editing.     

Automatic surface generation in computer aided design

A technique for smoothly blending algebraic surfaces and a language for syntactic specification of objects are developed. Their use in automated design is illustrated by a gate valve example in which all fillets, edge roundings and joining surfaces are automatically constructed. The resulting object has an internal representation that is particularly amenable to interactive editing.This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant ECS 83-12096 and MCS 82-17996     

在计算机辅助设计中油田可采储量的预测方法初探

本文论述了在计算机辅助设计中油田各阶段可采储量的预测方法．为实现油田生产与安排系统的实现提供科学的预测方法。关键词：计算机辅助设计：油田生产：储量;预测方法     

The use of enhanced operator-machine interfaces in computer aided molecular design

Methods for the generation of redundant Connection Tables from verbal (IUPAC Based) or graphical inputs are presented. These features were combined with fast vector graphic routines to a molecular modelling program executable on microcomputers. The three-dimensional structure is calculated with standardized data and maybe refined with a fullscreen editor. Additionally, an algorithm for the ring closure problem based on principle of genetic (evolutionary) optimization is included. A programming language has been defined enabling the user to build his own applications to the program, e.g. transferring input or output data directly to other programs. As an example, a program for the calculation of partial charges on the basis of electronegativity equalization is given in the Appendix.