交流电干扰下Q235钢与铜在不同含水量北京土壤中的短期腐蚀行为

利用电化学测试和埋片试验研究了交流电干扰下Q235钢和铜在不同含水量北京土壤中短期腐蚀行为。结果表明:交流电对Q235钢与铜的腐蚀起到明显促进作用,对铜影响更大;交流电与土壤含水量对Q235钢的影响有明显的交互作用,对铜则无明显的影响;交流电主要影响材料的阳极反应过程,含水量主要影响材料的阴极反应过程;土壤含水量未达到饱和时,Q235钢与铜表面均发生腐蚀,且随着土壤含水量的增加,腐蚀均逐渐加重,其表面点蚀坑密度和深度均逐渐减小;在土壤含水量达到饱和时,Q235钢与铜表面均又出现较严重点蚀。     

埋地金属管道交流电腐蚀研究进展

分别从交流电腐蚀的特点、机理、影响因素以及对阴极保护和微生物腐蚀影响的角度,对近年来国内外开展的交流电腐蚀研究进行系统综述.通过对目前研究中存在的重点问题进行综合分析,展望这一领域的研究前景及发展趋势,为相关领域的研究人员提供新思路.     

Korrosion von Kupfer,Nickel, Blei und Aluminium in 1 n Schwefelsäure durch Wechselstrom

Corrosion of copper, nickel, lead and aluminium in 1 N sulfuric acid by alternating current In view of the possibility that alternating current might flow to underground structures as a stray current the corrosion behaviour of steel in 1 N sulfuric acid has already been investigated. The study has new been extended to the effect of alternating current (50 cycles) on the behaviour of Cu, steel, Ni, Pb and Al. In this study it has been found, that the corrosion of these metals is increased by the current to 3 to times the normal corrosion, depending on the nature of the layer eventually formed by corrosion products and on the polarizability of the metal. Aluminium forms a protective layer having insulating properties.     

X70管线钢交流腐蚀的影响因素

通过交流腐蚀模拟试验研究了交流电流密度、防腐蚀层的缺陷面积和缺陷形状对X70管线钢交流腐蚀的影响。结果表明:交流干扰下,随交流电流密度的增大,X70管线钢的腐蚀速率增大;相同的交流干扰电压下,缺陷面积越小,通过X70管线钢的交流电流密度越大,腐蚀速率越大;在圆形和不同长宽比的矩形这几种缺陷形状中,长宽比为10∶1长条形缺陷处腐蚀速率最大,矩形缺陷处交流腐蚀速率随缺陷长宽比增大而略微增大。     

热处理对0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢耐蚀性的影响

用草酸电解实验结合金相观察以及动电位极化法研究了不同热处理工艺后0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的耐晶间腐蚀和耐点蚀性能.结果表明,单一固溶处理后试样具有较好的耐点蚀性,稳定化处理后虽然具有很好的抗晶间腐蚀性能,但是耐点蚀性较差.同时,采用交流阻抗测试研究发现固溶处理后试样表面钝化膜比较稳定.     

Effects of alternating current on corrosion of a coated pipeline steel in a chloride-containing carbonate/bicarbonate solution

In this work, the alternating current (AC)-induced corrosion of a coated pipeline steel was studied in a chloride-containing, concentrated carbonate/bicarbonate solution, which simulated the trapped high pH electrolyte under coating, by potentiodynamic polarization measurements, immersion tests and surface characterization technique. It was found that an application of AC resulted in a negative shift of corrosion potential of the steel, caused an oscillation of anodic current density, and degraded the steel passivity developed in the solution. With the increase of AC current density, the corrosion rate of the steel increased. At a low AC current density, a uniform corrosion occurred, while at a high AC current density, pitting corrosion occurred extensively on the steel electrode surface. At individual applied AC, there was a higher electrochemical dissolution activity of the coated steel electrode containing a 1 mm defect than that of the electrode containing a 10 mm defect.     

埋地钢质管道交流干扰腐蚀影响因素实验分析

参照埋地管道服役环境,搭建钢质管道交流干扰腐蚀实验平台。采用腐蚀试片失重法,测试钢质管道在土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀速率,研究交流杂散电流干扰环境下杂散电流大小、土壤电导率以及土壤酸碱度对钢质管道腐蚀速率的影响。实验结果表明:杂散电流对钢质管道的腐蚀速率影响最大,土壤酸碱度和土壤电导率对钢质管道的腐蚀速率影响规律复杂。     

Elektrochemische Untersuchung der Rißbildung bei Schwingungsrißkorrosion im stabil-passiven Werkstoffzustand

Electrochemical investigation of crack initiation during corrosion fatigue of stainless steels in the passive state The corrosion fatigue behaviour of three stainless steels - ferritic (12% Cr), austenitic (type 316 Ti) and austenitic-ferritic (type 31803; Duplex stainless steel) - was studied under rotating bending moments in aqueous sulphuric acid of 30°C. An instrumental set-up for recording the transient currents of specimens during potentiostatically controlled corrosion fatigue is described. Based on this transient current signal technique, three stages on the corrosion fatigue process can be discerned. In the incubation period, small stochastic current transients are caused by the response of the passive layer to alternating stresses and environmental conditions. The appearance of sinusoidal current signals indicates crack initiation whereas the phase angle between a fixed marker - i.e. a light barrier signal -, and the anodic amplitude represents the site of initiating cracks. Finally, the crack growth period is characterized by an increasing cell current and steadily growing sinusoidal current signals caused by the interplay of microplastic and repassivation processes at the crack tip.     

Effect of AC interference on the corrosion behavior of cathodically protected mild steel in an artificial soil solution. Part I: Investigation on formed corrosion product layer

AC-induced corrosion is a big threat even for cathodically protected pipelines nowadays. While this phenomenon was intensively investigated in the last decades, the corrosion mechanisms due to AC interference remain unclear. In the present work, investigations on the surface processes on cathodically protected mild steel during AC polarization have been performed. They utilized high-speed potential measurements that have demonstrated the influence of the polarization parameters on the resulting alternating voltage. The corrosion product layer was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and Raman spectroscopy, which clearly show the effect of the parameters of the applied alternating current on the surface under different cathodic protection (CP) conditions. It was demonstrated that the properties of the formed corrosion product layer, meaning the layer thickness, amount of oxygen, and so on, is not only dependent on the AC polarization parameters but also on the CP potential itself.     

镀锌钢板表面有机硅烷钝化膜的耐蚀性研究

通过极化曲线和交流阻抗测试技术,对比研究了镀锌钢板经单-BTESPT溶液处理、经添加铈盐的BTESPT溶液处理、先经y-APS预处理再经添加铈盐的BTESPT溶液处理所得3种有机硅烷钝化膜的耐蚀性.研究发现:有机硅烷成膜过程中添加一定量的铈盐,可通过其形成的三价和四价氧化物,修复单一硅烷膜存在的缺陷,从而提高防护效果;...     

某三层PE埋地钢管管体的腐蚀原因

通过管体外观检查、土壤环境测试、阴极保护与交直流干扰检测、腐蚀产物分析等方法,对某埋地钢管3PE防腐蚀层缺陷处管体的腐蚀情况及其成因进行了分析。结果表明:防腐蚀层缺陷处管体的腐蚀形貌与交流腐蚀类似,且该管线与电气化铁路交叉穿越,腐蚀点处最大交流电流密度达到100A/m2,发生交流腐蚀的可能性较大。     

交流电频率对X80管线钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

通过电化学测试、浸泡实验和表面分析技术研究了交流电频率(50~400 Hz)对X80钢在鹰潭酸性土壤模拟溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,随交流电频率的增加,X80钢的腐蚀速率逐渐减小,腐蚀程度减弱。交流电作用下X80钢生成的腐蚀产物疏松、裂纹多,对基体的保护性很差。X80钢的腐蚀电位偏移量随交流电频率的增大而减小。随交流电频率的增大,阴、阳极极化曲线的振荡幅度逐渐减弱。交流电的施加不仅使阴、阳极的电流密度增大,还使阴极反应由混合控制逐渐向活化控制转变。     

杂散电流对埋地管道的腐蚀及排流方式的研究进展

随着人们对能源需求的不断增加,输油管道和电力设施建设迅速发展,由于空间地理位置限制,管线与电力设施不可避免地并行铺设,杂散电流对埋地管道的腐蚀问题日益突出.根据干扰源不同,可将杂散电流分为直流干扰与交流干扰.分别从直流和交流杂散电流出发,介绍了杂散电流的主要来源、形成原因及腐蚀危害;了解了二者的腐蚀特征以及腐蚀速率差异...     

交流杂散电流对X70管线钢3PE防腐层下腐蚀及剥离行为的影响

目的 明确交流杂散电流对埋地管线防腐层剥离和破损处防腐层下腐蚀的影响规律及其导致防腐层剥离的作用机理。方法 通过基于COMSOL Multiphysics有限元仿真、交流阻抗谱分析及三维体式显微镜观测等方法,研究在格尔木土壤模拟溶液中,交流杂散电流干扰下,X70钢表面3PE防腐层剥离处的防腐层下腐蚀及剥离机理。结果 由于防腐层破损点和剥离区域的存在,使得防腐层的防护性能明显降低,交流杂散电流在初始预留剥离处的X70钢表面呈不均匀分布,破损点处所分布电流密度明显高于剥离区边缘处。杂散电流引起的腐蚀反应主要集中在防腐层破损点处,而处于预留剥离区域下方的X70钢表现出缝隙腐蚀的现象。防腐层破损点处的腐蚀坑深度随电流密度的增加而逐渐变深,而当交流电流密度由0 A/m2增加到100 A/m2时,防腐层剥离面积明显增大,此后,当电流密度继续增大,剥离面积基本保持不变。当施加的交流电流密度相同时,随着防腐层剥离面积的减小,杂散电流造成的防腐层剥离面积增大,X70钢试样上的最大腐蚀坑略微加深。结论 造成防腐层剥离的交流杂散电流存在临界电流密度值,使得防腐层剥离面积达到最大且之后保持不变。防腐层初始剥离面积较小时,交流电所造成的X70钢腐蚀及防腐层剥离行为更为严重。     

不锈钢在模拟混凝土孔隙液中的腐蚀行为研究

利用动电位扫描和交流阻抗法研究了普通碳钢与不锈钢在模拟混凝土孔隙溶液中的腐蚀行为及其差别,以及Cl-浓度、溶液pH值对腐蚀行为的影响,从而探讨了不锈钢取代碳钢作为混凝土钢筋骨架的可能性.结果表明：即便混凝土碳化导致孔隙液pH值下降后,氯离子对不锈钢的影响仍然较小,钝化膜致密完好,而普通碳钢的耐蚀性明显变差,钝化膜极易被氯离子侵蚀而破坏.     

Acidic/caustic alternating corrosion on carbon steel pipes in heat exchanger of ethylene plant

Caustic embrittlement, a kind of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), is always encountered on materials under stresses amid caustic environment. Acidic corrosion is another familiar degradation on materials contacting acidic media. However, it has been seldom studied what effect would be resulted in on materials that are exposed to an acidic/caustic alternating environment. In this paper, failure events were discovered on the carbon steel pipes under such an alternating service condition due to frequent sharp fluctuations of the heat medium's (process water) pH values in a heat exchanger. What is more, even chloride ions and sulfur element were detected, i.e., pitting corrosion was involved as well. In order to identify the causes of the failure, matrix materials of the pipes were examined, failure defects on pipe surfaces were investigated, particularly the process water was thoroughly inspected via a series of characterization methods. Based on the analysis results, a novel four‐level mechanism from microscopic scale to macroscopic scale was tentatively proposed to explain such an acidic/caustic alternating corrosion.     

The influence of different locations on copper corrosion with different external electric fields under a chloride-containing thin electrolyte layer

ABSTRACT

The influence of different locations on copper corrosion with different external electric fields under a chloride-containing thin electrolyte layer was studied using polarisation curve measurement and surface analysis techniques. The results indicated that, under an external direct current electric field, the anodic current densities near the positive plate were smaller than that near the negative plate, while the cathodic current densities near the positive plate were larger than that near the negative plate. However, at different locations in an external alternating current electric field, the anodic current densities were little change, while the cathodic current densities were obviously different.     

交变应力频率对E690钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀电化学行为的影响

采用电化学技术与微观形貌观察,研究了不同频率(0.1,0.5,1.0,1.3,1.8和2.0 Hz)弹性交变应力下E690高强海洋工程用钢在3.5%(质量分数) NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,探讨了加载频率对腐蚀反应机理的影响。结果表明,存在一个临界频率,将交变应力作用下腐蚀电化学行为分为两个不同的阶段。加载频率在临界频率以下时,随着弹性交变应力加载频率的增大,E690钢的应变速率峰值增大,钢的表面产生活性位点增多,腐蚀过程主要受活化控制,腐蚀速率和局部腐蚀面积均随着加载频率的提高而增大。加载频率超过临界频率时,腐蚀过程主要受扩散控制,腐蚀速率和局部腐蚀面积不受加载频率变化的影响。     

X80钢在干湿交替与水饱和哈密土壤环境下的腐蚀行为

目的揭示X80钢在干湿交替与水饱和哈密土壤环境下的腐蚀行为与规律。方法采用失重实验和电化学测试分析腐蚀速率与阴阳极电化学过程的变化规律,利用金相分析观察母材和焊缝的组织特征,通过SEM、EDS、XRD等微观分析手段观察腐蚀产物形貌、元素含量与物相组成,从而研究干湿交替与水饱和土壤环境对X80钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果 X80钢在干湿交替环境下的腐蚀速率是水饱和下的2～3倍,其在干湿交替与水饱和哈密土壤环境下的腐蚀产物物相均由Fe3O4、FeOOH、FeS所构成。X80钢在干湿交替环境下,表面的腐蚀产物膜出现大量凹坑与裂隙,使O2在试样表面分布不均,形成氧浓差电池,并且该凹坑与裂隙有利于腐蚀性离子进入,加剧局部腐蚀。在同一环境下,由于焊接接头各区域组织差异引起的微电偶腐蚀,X80钢焊缝的腐蚀速率明显高于母材。结论干湿交替环境与土壤中大量存在的Cl-显著加速了X80钢母材及焊缝的局部腐蚀,且X80焊缝耐蚀性明显低于母材,其腐蚀机理均为氧浓差电池和局部腐蚀自催化效应共同作用,腐蚀形态也由以全面腐蚀为主(水饱和环境)转变为以点蚀+溃疡状腐蚀为主(干湿交替环境)。     

New findings on the factors accelerating AC corrosion of buried pipeline

To simulate the interaction between different coating holidays on buried pipeline under alternating current (AC) interference, laboratory experiments were carried out using a specially designed circuit connecting two specimens of different sizes. The application of AC between two different specimens could induce DC current from the smaller specimen to the bigger one in the solution, which would increase the corrosion rate of the smaller specimen. The research showed that size difference between holidays on buried pipeline is an important factor in accelerating AC corrosion.