非均质材料与位错交互能的数值等效夹杂算法

工程结构中的夹杂物和位错会极大地影响材料的力学性能和服役寿命。以往的解析解主要关注特定形状(如圆形、椭圆形)夹杂物与位错之间的相互作用。当采用数值方法计算时,由于位错的奇异性,即使是商用有限元软件也会面临处理上的困难。该文基于数值等效夹杂算法并结合快速傅里叶变换,求解了无穷体内夹杂物与刃型位错的交互能,有效地规避了数值奇异性问题。相对误差的范数分析结果表明,在杂质附近所产生的应力扰动对最终结果具有较大影响。该文计算方法能够更加精确地确定应力扰动场,并显示出优越的数值收敛性和稳定性。在求解任意形状杂质与位错相互作用问题中,该文提供了一种便捷且有效的计算方案。     

考虑异质材料的线接触性能建模与分析

提出了一种考虑材料非均匀特性的线接触弹性场数值建模方法。该方法基于数值化等效夹杂方法（NEIM）,以矩形异质材料作为基本单元,并在此基础上,结合镜像法,可求解得到线接触载荷作用下的材料弹性场。利用对比验证、参数化分析及算例验证的方法,将本文方法计算结果与有限元法（FEM）和传统等效夹杂方法（EIM）计算结果进行对比,并分析研究了异质材料分布参数对材料线接触性能的影响。结果表明:本文方法相较FEM和传统EIM具有优越性,可处理和简化涂层问题及任意分布的异质材料线接触问题。不同位置异质材料将引起基体最大von Mises应力的增大或减小;异质材料的尺寸以及异质材料和基体之间的材料差异将影响基体应力集中程度。      

平面裂纹应力强度因子的半解析有限元法

利用弹性平面扇形域哈密顿体系的方程,通过分离变量法及共轭辛本征函数向量展开法,推导了一个圆形奇异解析单元列式,该单元能准确地描述平面裂纹尖端场。将该解析元与有限元相结合,构成半解析的有限元法,可求解任意几何形状和载荷的平面裂纹应力强度因子及扩展问题。对典型算例的计算结果表明本文方法简单有效,具有令人满意的精度。     

耦合对流传热的Stokes流体形状优化设计

本文研究了耦合对流传热的Stokes流体中的形状优化问题.利用不可压缩的定常Stokes方程耦合对流传热的模型来描述流体的特性,运用形状导数方法分析依赖于区域的状态方程解的极小化问题.通过引入共轭状态方程,计算出目标函数的微分形式,并构造求解该形状优化问题的梯度型算法.数值实验的结果验证了所用方法的有效性和可行性.     

三维弹性问题高次有限元离散线性系统的块对角逆预条件PCG法

高次有限元由于对问题具有更好的逼近效果及某些特殊的优点,如能解决弹性问题的闭锁现象(Poisson’s ratio locking),使得它们在实际计算中被广泛使用。但与线性元相比,它具有更高的计算复杂性。该文基于标量椭圆问题高次有限元离散化系统的代数多层网格(AMG)法,针对三维弹性问题高次有限元离散化线性系统的求解,设计了一种以块对角逆为预条件子的共轭梯度法(AMG-BPCG)。数值实验表明,该文设计的AMG-BPCG法较标准的ILU-型PCG法具有更好的计算效率和鲁棒性。     

基于共轭方法的热传导问题的间断界面识别（英文）

本文研究了热传导方程的间断界面形状识别问题.首先,我们基于连续共轭方法,利用函数空间参数化方法和鞍点可微性定理,推导出目标函数的形状梯度.然后构造出求解该形状反问题的梯度型算法.最终,数值模拟的结果验证了所用方法的有效性和可行性.     

半空间中椭圆夹杂与裂纹对SH波的散射

采用Green函数、复变函数和多极坐标方法求解弹性半空间中椭圆形弹性夹杂与任意方位的裂纹对SH波的散射问题。利用“保角映射”技术求解椭圆夹杂对SH波的散射位移场,并构造适合本问题的Green函数,即含椭圆形弹性夹杂的弹性半空间内任意一点承受时间谐和的反平面荷载作用时的位移基本解,结合裂纹“切割”法构造裂纹,进而得到椭圆夹杂和裂纹同时存在条件下的位移场与应力场。最后,通过具体算例,讨论了不同参数对地表位移、弹性夹杂周边动应力集中系数和裂纹尖端动应力强度因子的影响规律。     

组合杂交四边形元的多重网格预处理共轭梯度方法

组合杂交元方法是一种求解弹性力学问题的稳定化有限元方法．为了快速求解组合杂交元离散得到的大型、稀疏、对称正定系统,本文研究了多重网格预处理共轭梯度方法．首先,通过选用合适的网格转移算子和光滑策略,得到了有效的多重网格预处理器．其次,通过分析数值试验结果证明所得到的多重网格预处理共轭梯度方法是有效可行的,利用该预处理方法大大降低了系数矩阵的条件数,提高了计算效率．此外,对于一类高性能的组合杂交元,多重网格预处理共轭梯度方法在网格畸变时依然收敛.     

Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型Dugdale模型解析元列式及其半解析有限元法

利用弹性平面扇形域哈密顿体系的方程,通过分离变量法及共轭辛本征函数向量展开法,推导了两个圆形奇异超级解析单元列式,这两个超级单元能够分别准确地描述Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型Dugdale模型平面裂纹尖端场。将该解析元与有限元相结合,构成半解析的有限元法,可求解任意几何形状和载荷的Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型裂纹基于Dugdale模型的裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸和裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)或裂纹尖端滑开位移(CTSD)的计算问题。对典型算例的计算结果表明方法简单有效,具有令人满意的精度。     

计算复合材料有效弹性模量的重心有限元方法

采用几何法构造出任意边数多边形单元的重心插值形函数, 应用Galerkin法提出了求解弹性力学问题的重心有限元方法。用重心有限元方法对SiC/Ti和B/Al 2种纤维复合材料横向截面的有效弹性模量进行了预报。计算模型取纤维呈六边形排列且为各向同性的代表性单胞, 对其杨氏模量、 剪切模量和体积模量在较大的体积分数范围内进行了数值模拟。通过与解析公式和传统有限元的计算结果对比, 重心有限元方法的计算结果符合解析公式解的趋势, 与传统有限元的计算结果吻合较好。与传统有限元方法相比, 重心有限元方法的单元划分不受三角形或四边形的形状限制, 能够再现材料的真实结构。由于单元较大且数目较少, 本文方法具有很高的计算效率。      

基于集中浓度矩阵和精细积分法的氯离子时变扩散模型

针对传统模型采用一致协调浓度矩阵和Taylor级数展开难以兼顾计算精度、效率和数值稳定性的缺陷,研究提出了一种基于集中浓度矩阵和精细积分法的氯离子时变扩散模型:通过引入等效扩散时间,将氯离子的时变扩散控制方程变换为等效常扩散控制方程;基于伽辽金加权余量法,建立了基于集中浓度矩阵的氯离子时变扩散有限元模型;结合Padé级数展开技术,提出了基于集中浓度矩阵和精细积分法的氯离子时变扩散模型;通过与传统有限元模型、解析模型和自然暴露试验数据的对比分析,验证了该模型的有效性。分析表明:与传统的一致协调浓度矩阵相比,采用集中浓度矩阵具有更高的计算精度,而且可以避免振荡和负值等数值不稳定性问题;与传统的Taylor级数展开相比,采用Padé级数展开只需较小的尺度因子就可以保证计算精度,计算效率大幅提高;该模型不仅可以同时兼顾计算精度、效率和数值稳定性,而且对空间离散网格和时间步长的依赖性相对较小。     

复合材料中压电螺型位错与含刚性核夹杂的电弹干涉

为了研究压电复合材料中位于基体的压电螺型位错与含共焦椭圆导电刚性核椭圆夹杂的电弹相互作用, 基于复变函数方法, 获得了基体和夹杂区域的精确级数形式解析解。运用广义Peach-Koehler公式, 导出了作用在位错上像力的解析表达式。在此基础上讨论了椭圆刚性核和材料电弹特性对位错像力以及位错平衡位置的影响规律, 同时讨论了压电夹杂和弹性基体的复合情况。结果表明: 椭圆刚性核对位错有着明显的排斥作用, 可以增强硬夹杂对位错的排斥, 减弱软夹杂对位错的吸引; 对于软夹杂, 在界面附近位错存在一个不稳定的平衡位置; 在基体和夹杂的界面上, 像力迅速增大; 当夹杂的剪切模量远小于基体时, 界面附近不会出现位错的平衡位置。     

Semi‐analytic solution for multiple interacting three‐dimensional inhomogeneous inclusions of arbitrary shape in an infinite space

This paper develops a semi‐analytic solution for multiple arbitrarily shaped three‐dimensional inhomogeneous inclusions embedded in an infinite isotropic matrix under external load. All interactions between the inhomogeneous inclusions are taken into account in this solution. The inhomogeneous inclusions are discretized into small cuboidal elements, each of which is treated as a cuboidal inclusion with initial eigenstrain plus unknown equivalent eigenstrain according to the Equivalent Inclusion Method. All the unknown equivalent eigenstrains are determined by solving a set of simultaneous constitutive equations established for each equivalent cuboidal inclusion. The final solution is obtained by summing up the closed‐form solutions for each individual equivalent cuboidal inclusion in an infinite space. The solution evaluation is performed by application of the fast Fourier transform algorithm, which greatly increases the computational efficiency. Finally, the solution is validated by taking Eshelby's analytic solution of an ellipsoidal inhomogeneous inclusion as a benchmark and by the finite element analysis. A few sample results are also given to demonstrate the generality of the solution. The solution may have potentially significant applications in solving a wide range of inhomogeneity‐related problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Eigenstrain formulation of boundary integral equations for modeling particle-reinforced composites

A novel computational model is presented using the eigenstrain formulation of the boundary integral equations for modeling the particle-reinforced composites. The model and the solution procedure are both resulted intimately from the concepts of the equivalent inclusion of Eshelby with eigenstrains to be determined in an iterative way for each inhomogeneity embedded in the matrix. The eigenstrains of inhomogeneity are determined with the aid of the Eshelby tensors, which can be readily obtained beforehand through either analytical or numerical means. The solution scale of the inhomogeneity problem with the present model is greatly reduced since the unknowns appear only on the boundary of the solution domain. The overall elastic properties are solved using the newly developed boundary point method for particle-reinforced inhomogeneous materials over a representative volume element with the present model. The effects of a variety of factors related to inhomogeneities on the overall properties of composites as well as on the convergence behaviors of the algorithm are studied numerically including the properties and shapes and orientations and distributions and the total number of particles, showing the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed computational model.     

Topological derivatives for fundamental frequencies of elastic bodies

In this article a new method for topological optimization of fundamental frequencies of elastic bodies, which could be considered as an improvement on the bubble method, is introduced. The method is based on generalized topological derivatives. For a body with different types of inclusion the vector genus is introduced. The dimension of the genus is the number of different elastic properties of the inclusions being introduced. The disturbances of stress and strain fields in an elastic matrix due to a newly inserted elastic inhomogeneity are given explicitly in terms of the stresses and strains in the initial body. The iterative positioning of inclusions is carried out by determination of the preferable position of the new inhomogeneity at the extreme points of the characteristic function. The characteristic function was derived using Eshelby's method. The expressions for optimal ratios of the semi-axes of the ellipse and angular orientation of newly inserted infinitesimally small inclusions of elliptical form are derived in closed analytical form.     

A spectral conjugate gradient method for nonlinear inverse problems

In this study, a new spectral conjugate gradient method is presented to solve nonlinear inverse problems, which transferred into the unconstrained nonlinear optimization with a neighbour term. The global convergence and regularizing properties of the proposed method are analysed. In the end, some numerical results illustrate the efficiency and the robustness of this method.     

Determination of stress intensity factors of 2D fracture mechanics problems through a new semi‐analytical method

This study presents a novel development of a new semi‐analytical method with diagonal coefficient matrices to model crack issues. Accurate stress intensity factors based on linear elastic fracture mechanics are extracted directly from the semi‐analytical method. In this method, only the boundaries of problems are discretized using specific subparametric elements and higher‐order Chebyshev mapping functions. Implementing the weighted residual method and using Clenshaw–Curtis numerical integration result in diagonal Euler's differential equations. Consequently, when the local coordinates origin is located at the crack tip, the stress intensity factors can be determined directly without further processing. In order to present infinite stress at the crack tip, a new form of nodal force function is proposed. Validity and accuracy of the proposed method is fully demonstrated through four benchmark problems, which are successfully modeled using a few numbers of degrees of freedom. The numerical results agree very well with the analytical solution, experimental outcomes and the results from existing numerical methods available in the literature.     

Interactions between inclusions and various types of cracks

The problems of a crack inside, outside, penetrating or lying along the interface of an anisotropic elliptical inclusion are considered in this paper. Because the crack may be represented by a distribution of dislocation, integrating the analytical solutions of dislocation problems along the crack and applying the technique of numerical solution on the singular integral equation, we can obtain the general solutions to the problems of interactions between cracks and anisotropic elliptical inclusions. Since there are no analytical solutions existing for the general cases of interactions between cracks and inclusions, the comparison is made with the numerical results obtained by other methods or with the analytical results for the special cases which can be reduced from the present problems. These results show that our solutions are correct and universal     

Multiple elliptical inclusions of arbitrary orientation in composites

A volume integral equation method (VIEM) is introduced for the solution of elastostatic problems in an unbounded isotropic elastic solid containing multiple elliptical inclusions of arbitrary orientation subjected to uniform tensile stress at infinity. The inclusions are assumed to be long parallel elliptical cylinders composed of isotropic and anisotropic elastic material perfectly bonded to the isotropic matrix. The solid is assumed to be under plane strain on the plane normal to the cylinders. A detailed analysis of the stress field at the matrix–inclusion interface for square and hexagonal packing arrays is carried out, taking into account different values for the number, orientation angles and concentration of the elliptical inclusions. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are examined in comparison with results available in the literature.