毛细管中液液弹状流的流体力学数值模拟

随着精细加工技术的进步和新材料的出现,微柱液相色谱又称毛细管液相色谱在分离和分析过程中发挥着越来越重要作用。对于毛细管中的两相流流动,弹状流是最常见也是最稳定的流型之一。文章介绍了毛细管中液液弹状流的数值模拟。以直径为0.2 mm的T型毛细管为模型,使用商用计算流体力学(CFD)Fluent(16.2)软件研究弹状流的液弹长度、液膜厚度、液弹速度等流体力学特性。确定液弹长度与两相流率、毛细管数等参数有关。液弹长度随分散相流率增加而变大,随连续相流率和毛细管数的增大而减小。液膜厚度与文献中的计算模型吻合很好。液弹速度随混合速度的增大而增大。根据模拟数据得到液弹长度与液弹速度的关联式,且与文献实验值比较,结果吻合性较好。     

DSMC方法在大规模气固两相撞击流中的应用

将直接模拟Monte Carlo（DSMC）方法应用于颗粒数目庞大的大规模气固两相撞击流的数值模拟研究,旨在解决基于拉格朗日法模型难以模拟含大量颗粒碰撞的多相流问题,建立了气固两相撞击流的数理模型。应用所建立模型计算分析了撞击流中的气相流动、颗粒运动、颗粒及颗粒碰撞位置分布;并对模型中考虑颗粒碰撞和不考虑颗粒碰撞时,计算获得的颗粒运动行为、停留时间以及对气相的影响等结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：经发展,DSMC方法能够有效地应用于大规模气固两相撞击流的数值研究;颗粒运动区域可分为颗粒碰撞区、颗粒射流区和颗粒发散区;颗粒碰撞主要发生在颗粒碰撞区内,使得颗粒在该区域富集,且明显缩短颗粒在撞击区的停留时间;在所研究的较小固气比条件下,颗粒的存在对气相流动的影响不显著。     

摩擦-动力应力模型研究喷动床内气固两相流动过程

考虑颗粒滑动的半持续性接触应力和颗粒碰撞瞬时接触应力对颗粒相应力的贡献,建立了喷动床内气体颗粒两相流动计算模型。采用颗粒动理学和Johnson 等的摩擦应力模型,数值模拟喷动床颗粒流动过程,获得了喷动床喷射区、环隙区和喷泉区内颗粒流动特性。模拟计算与He等的实验结果进行了对比。同时分析了摩擦应力模型对颗粒相黏度变化的影响,表明中速颗粒流的颗粒相摩擦应力模型将直接影响喷动床气体颗粒两相流动的预测。     

T形微通道中互不相溶两相流数值模拟

采用摄动有限体积（PFV）算法和水平集（level set）技术对T形微通道内互不相溶两相流动进行了数值模拟研究。考察了两相界面张力和微通道壁面润湿性对流动的影响,精确地捕捉到了油水两相流动的界面。对一些典型的T形微通道油水两相流动进行了数值计算,模拟结果和实验结果吻合较好。分析总结出了微通道内两相流动过程中的一些基本规律,为微通道内的液液两相流动实验设计和工业应用提供了新的数值预测手段。     

强化气固两相并流干燥传递过程的模型与计算

对气固两相并流流动的干燥过程的强化方式进行了研究，对脉冲流动中气固两相的运动与传递方程提出了模型并进行了数值计算，同时对相同条件下直管型干燥器的干燥过程进行了计算与比较。实际应用结果表明，该计算模型能较好地反应气固两相并流流动干燥过程的规律。     

毛细管内多相脉动流动的格子-Boltzmann模拟

基于伪势模型理论,建立毛细管内汽液两相工质脉动流动的等温格子-Boltzmann模型。将利用该模型取得的静态液滴形态以及表面张力、大空间和窄空间内气泡浮升运动时的形态模拟结果与文献的研究结果进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性。对毛细管内泡状流和柱塞流两种流型在边界正弦压力波作用下绝热脉动流动情况进行了数值模拟。通过模拟研究了毛细管内不同压力波振幅下液相Reynolds数和气泡位移幅度周期性变化规律;获得了汽液界面形态在脉动过程中的变化;观察到在边界液相速度方向发生改变时,边界附近区域的Reynolds数振荡现象;分析了重力对脉动运动过程的影响。模拟结果为分析以毛细管为主要构件的脉动热管内汽液两相工质的工作过程提供了一定依据。     

平衡相和非平衡相模型在超音速引射器流场计算中的对比研究

蒸汽引射器是热力系统中常用的动力装置。分别采用平衡相模型和非平衡相模型,对某超音速蒸汽引射器的流场进行了数值计算和对比分析。建立了描述引射器内蒸汽流动的NS方程组,并引入SST-kw湍流模型进行封闭。平衡相模型仅考虑蒸汽流动的湿度变化,非平衡相模型基于经典成核理论,考虑蒸汽的自发凝结。将两种模型与Moore的喷管实验结果进行了对比,随后分别对某型超音速引射器的流场进行了计算和分析。结果表明:由于湿蒸汽的过饱和特性,使得非平衡相模型的计算结果温度场略低于平衡相模型,引射系数计算值高于平衡相模型。     

考虑颗粒旋转的颗粒动力学模拟提升管气固两相流动特性

流化床内颗粒旋转会影响颗粒相的流动特性,目前在流化床数值模拟中普遍采用的颗粒动力学模型却没有考虑颗粒的旋转效应。今运用基于颗粒动力学理论的欧拉-欧拉气固多相流模型,考虑颗粒旋转流动对颗粒碰撞能量交换和耗散的影响,提出了考虑颗粒旋转效应的颗粒动力学模型以及颗粒相守恒方程,数值模拟提升管内气体颗粒两相流动特性。计算结果表明提升管内中心区域为低浓度-高速的颗粒上升流动、壁面区域为高浓度-低速的颗粒下降流动。分析了颗粒粗糙度系数对颗粒相能量耗散、颗粒平动温度和黏度的影响。随着颗粒粗糙度系数的增加,颗粒碰撞能量耗散先逐渐增加后减小。颗粒平动温度和黏度的变化趋势是相反的,表明颗粒旋转产生摩擦将导致颗粒旋转脉动能量的改变,影响提升管内气体-颗粒两相宏观流动特性。     

毛细管内气液两相流动的CFD模拟

毛细管精馏是一种分离共沸物系的新型分离技术,它利用毛细管的固-液相互作用来改变液体混合物的汽液平衡。毛细管通道内的气液两相流型在低气速时以泰勒流为主,今使用计算流体力学方法,对毛细管内泰勒流的多种影响因素,如:壁面作用、气液速率以及流体物性等进行了研究。首先考察壁面作用的影响,发现壁面粗糙度能改变气液柱形状和流场,粗糙度增大使通道内气液两相流型由泰勒流向泡状流转变,流动状态由层流向涡流转变。模拟不同接触角下的气液流动,发现壁面吸附作用在一定程度上影响气液柱长度和气液界面间的形状。通过模拟不同气液速率下的气液流动,观察气液柱长度与气液速率之间的关系。对模拟气液柱长度进行量纲分析,得到了泰勒流的气液柱长度的关联式,将该式与文献测定值进行比较,发现在一定范围内吻合较好。     

矩形螺旋通道气液两相流流动和传热特性数值研究

采用Eulerian模型对矩形截面螺旋通道内气液两相流进行数值模拟,研究了螺旋通道内不同轴向位置气液两相流动的速度分布、相分布和温度分布特性,并分析无量纲螺距对速度分布、温度分布、单位长度压降和换热系数的影响。对水动力模型数值结果与实验结果、传热模型数值结果与实验关联式进行对比,结果表明:在一定范围内,无量纲螺距的增加使得速度场、温度场变化梯度增大,同时壁面换热系数稍有增大;超过无量纲螺距临界值,速度场和温度场的变化梯度随无量纲螺距的增加而减小;随着无量纲螺距的增加,单位长度平均压降稍有增加,并且增加的幅度逐渐减小;无量纲螺距对相分布特性几乎无影响;随着入口截面含气率的增加,单位长度平均压降和换热效果提高。     

田菁冻胶在毛细管及多孔介质中滑移效应研究

本文用实验方法研究了田菁冻胶压裂液在毛细管和多孔介质中的流动特性,求得相应的滑移效应,提出本构方程及C·H.B.模型,并得以验证.     

Capillary effect of hydrophobic polyester fiber bundles with noncircular cross section

Moisture transport in fiber assembly is one of the critical factors affecting physiological comfort. It is useful to model bundle structure for understanding capillary flow in complex geometries representative of the void spaces formed between fibers. A new mathematical model MFB has been used to simulate alignment representative of void spaces formed between fibers in noncircular cross section fiber bundles. Fiber morphological character and their random packing pattern are emphasized to discuss the mechanism of capillary flow in fiber assembly in this work. Capillary equivalent radius distribution, flux of saturated fiber bundle, capillary generating ability, and wicking velocity are computed to predict which kind of shape is predominant for hydrophobic polyester fiber wicking. Vertical wicking model of polyester filaments bundle predicts that as the nonroundness of filaments increase, the maximum liquid height, flux of saturated bundle, and capillary forming ability will increase, while instantaneous wicking velocity increases not stably. Concave polygon shape of fiber bundle has much more small capillary tubes than convex shape of fiber bundle. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1405–1412 2006     

水基纳米流体在水平毛细管中的气液两相流流型特性

研究了在内径为1.6 mm的水平玻璃毛细管圆管内的氮气-氧化铜水基纳米流体的两相流流型分布图, 实验气体是氮气,实验液体是由去离子水、氧化铜纳米颗粒和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）组成的悬浮液。首先对氮气-去离子水在水平毛细管内的两相流流型图进行了实验研究,将实验结果与前人提出的应用于常规管的半理论半经验公式进行了比较。然后在水中添加不同比容积的SDBS和氧化铜纳米颗粒制备成纳米流体,对纳米流体在水平毛细管内气液两相流的流型图进行了研究。结果表明,使用纳米流体后,毛细管内的分层波动流区域显著增加。纳米流体对两相流流型的影响主要是由添加表面扩散剂和纳米颗粒后降低了溶液表面张力产生的。纳米流体中的纳米颗粒和表面扩散剂浓度对流型图几乎无影响。     

Liquid Jet Stability in a Laminar Flow Field

The breakup of a Newtonian liquid jet into droplets injected horizontally into another flowing immiscible Newtonian fluid was studied experimentally under creeping flow conditions. Different breakup mechanisms take place in different flow regions. No filament is generated at very low velocities of the continuous phase when the droplets peel off directly at the nozzle tip. As soon as the flow rate of the continuous phase exceeds a critical value, a filament of a characteristic length begins to grow. The filament breaks up due to instabilities in terms of developing interfacial waves. The laminar breakup length of the filament is found to correlate with the flow rates of both phases and their viscosity ratio. The impact of the capillary diameter, through which the disperse phase is injected, on the filament length was investigated and the maximum droplet size was estimated.     

变径毛细管流量关联式开发

变径毛细管是一种用于家用热泵的低成本节流装置,其非对称结构可以实现正反两个流向的流量不同,从而可以满足热泵系统制冷和制热所需的流量。为了实现变径毛细管工程设计,开发了变径毛细管流量的关联式。通过构建变径毛细管等效管径和等效管长计算公式并代入等径毛细管关联式,得到了变径毛细管流量的关联式的公式形式;通过数值计算模型产生用于拟合关联式系数的数据源。开发的变径毛细管流量关联式可计算变径毛细管正向和反向的制冷剂流量以及传统的等径毛细管的流量。开发关联式能很好地预测变径毛细管在不同工况下制冷剂流量的变化趋势,预测93%实验数据点的精度在10%以内。     

毛细管内两相流的通用积分模型

<正>毛细管是制冷空调装置中常用的节流元件之一.毛细管的流动特性对装置的系统性能影响显著,因此,建立一个好的毛细管模型对于装置的设计和优化都是必要的.尤其是近年来,CFCs环保问题的影响,推动了毛细管研究从理论和实验两方面向着工质替代的方向发展.从文献中的毛细管模型来看,早期的模型受计算工具等条件的限制,大都比较简单,精度也不高;近年来,这些限制不再存在,研究者趋向于采用分布参数模型以提高预测精度.但是,分布参数模型在计算速度和计算的健壮性方面尚有欠缺,不适用于实用型的系统仿真和优化.因此,建立简单、准确、通用的毛细管模型,具有重要的理论和应用价值.     

Experimental Investigation on the Holdup Distribution of Oil‐Water Two‐Phase Flow in Horizontal Parallel Tubes

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the holdup distribution of oil and water two‐phase flow in two parallel tubes with unequal tube diameter. Tests were performed using white oil (of viscosity 52 mPa s and density 860 kg/m³) and tap water as liquid phases at room temperature and atmospheric outlet pressure. Measurements were taken of water flow rates from 0.5 to 12.5 m³/h and input oil volume fractions from 3 to 94 %. Results showed that there were different flow pattern maps between the run and bypass tubes when oil‐water two‐phase flow is found in the parallel tubes. At low input fluid flow rates, a large deviation could be found on the average oil holdup between the bypass and the run tubes. However, with increased input oil fraction at constant water flow rate, the holdup at the bypass tube became close to that at the run tube. Furthermore, experimental data showed that there was no significant variation in flow pattern and holdup between the run and main tubes. In order to calculate the holdup in the form of segregated flow, the drift flux model has been used here.     

Global modelling of a gas-liquid-solid airlift reactor

This paper presents a global model of three phase flow (gas-liquid-solid) in an internal airlift reactor. The airlift is composed of four zones: a riser (on the aerated side on the internal wall), a downcomer (on the opposite side) and two turning zones above and below the internal wall. Tap water is the liquid continuous phase and the dispersed phases are air bubbles and polyethylene particles. The global modelling of the airlift involves mass and momentum equations for the three phases. The model enables phase velocities and phase volume fractions to be estimated, which can be compared to experimental data. Closure relations for the gas and solid drift velocities are based on the model proposed by Zuber and Findlay. The drift flux coefficients are derived from CFD numerical simulations of the airlift. Gas bubble and solid particle averaged slip velocities are deduced from momentum balances, including drag coefficient correlations. The link between Zuber and Findlay model and the two-fluid model is established. In the experiment as well as in the model, the gas flow rate is fixed. However, the liquid and solid flow rates are unknown. Two closure relations are needed to predict these flow rates: the first closure relation expresses that the volume of solid injected into the airlift remains constant; the second closure relation expresses a global balance between the difference of column height in the riser and the downcomer and the total pressure drop in the airlift. The main parameters of a three phase airlift reactor, like gas and solid volume fractions, are well predicted by the global model. With increasing solid filling rate (40%), the model starts to depart from the experimental values as soon as coalescence of bubbles appears.     

The important role of local dispersed phase hold-ups for the calculation of three-phase bubble columns

A computational fluid dynamics model is used to calculate a three-phase (air-water-solid particles) flow in a bubble column. The calculation of multi-phase flows is significantly influenced by the formulation of the inter-phase drag and the modelling of the turbulence. Both are influenced by the dispersed phases. The k-ε turbulence model extended with terms accounting for the bubble-induced turbulence is used to calculate the eddy viscosity of the liquid phase. Bubble-bubble and particle-particle interactions are considered as well as a direct momentum transfer between the two dispersed phases bubbles and solid particles. The local volume fractions of the dispersed phases are considered for the calculation of the drag coefficients between the dispersed phases and the continuous phase. Measured local gas and solid hold-ups as well as measured liquid velocities are compared with the corresponding calculated results. The measured and the calculated results show good agreement.     

不同倾角放置螺旋管汽波两相摩擦阻力特性

在宽广的参数范围内试验研究了螺旋管在不同倾角放置时的单相及汽液两相摩擦阻力特性,获得了螺旋管放置方向及各主要系统参数对汽液两相摩擦阻力特性的影响规律。在对试验结果及前人研究结果进行详细分析的基础上,获得了第一个能适用于不同倾角放置螺旋管的单相及汽液两相摩擦阻力计算式,从而为汽液两相摩擦阻力及螺旋管的进一步研究和应用提供了依据。