台风卫星云图分割方法研究

本文针对台风卫星云图的具体特点,采用一种利用迭代模型并结合台风云系面积特征的分割方法,对台风卫星云图进行分割,取得了满意的效果。     

基于纹理和区域特征的台风卫星云图分割方法

在利用GMS红外卫星云图进行无眼台风自动定位方法的研究中,台风云系的分割是处理中关键的一步,文章提出了一种基于纹理和区域特征的台风云系分割方法。首先利用图像的分形维数和灰度特征对台风云系中的密蔽云区进行有效的识别后,然后启动基于区域约束的区域生长计算得到台风云系。     

基于FY-2C气象卫星云图的台风分割方法的研究

在利用FY-2C气象卫星云图进行台风中心自动定位与跟踪的研究中,台风云系的分割是处理中关键的一步。结合台风主体云系具有灰度值较高、面积较大、活动范围有限和像素集中的特点,综合采用阈值法、数学形态学法和数理统计等方法,对FY-2C气象卫星云图中的红外一通道兰勃托原始投影云图中的台风分割进行了研究,取得了满意的效果。     

Mumford-Shah模型在卫星云图分割中的应用

利用Mumford-Shah模型对卫星云图进行分割和识别。根据卫星云图自身的特征,提出了基于核心灰度的Mumford-Shah模型,并用此模型分割出了单通道卫星云图中的高云、中云和低云。同时提出了一种基于核心灰度的Mumford-Shah模型的向量图像分割方法,对两个通道的卫星云图进行分割,更加准确地识别出中低云系在红外通道和可见光通道中的位置。     

卫星云图的多通道FCM分割算法

卫星云图是对地球大气进行遥感测量的重要资料,云团的识别、跟踪及预测都需要对卫星云图进行图像分割和边缘提取。本文通过改进模糊C均值(FCM)算法对云图进行分割,改进后的算法显示出了效率高、分辨准确的特点。实验采用了2011年6月的RGB多通道卫星云图,通过对云图分层聚类,提取多通道聚类的相交区域等过程,实现了云团快速准确的分割。     

静止卫星图像热带气旋云系自动识别

热带气旋对我国东南沿海地区国民经济和人民生命财产威胁巨大,静止卫星云图是热带气旋实时监测的主要数据源。热带气旋在卫星云图上的纹理特征与其它云系相似度高,为气旋云系的自动准确提取带来困难。本文在矢量矩概念的基础上,提出了旋转系数的概念来表征热带气旋的形态本质特征从而实现热带气旋的自动识别。建立了基于静止卫星图像,运用最大类间方差法确定目标云系分割阈值,结合云系面积和亮温分布特性,利用旋转系数进行热带气旋云系自动识别的方法流程。以1211台风海葵为例,在台风生成发展期、成熟期以及消亡期内,进行了改进前后方法识别率的对比实验,统计发现改进方法的识别率分别为76%、95%、78%,均高于原始方法的59%、90%、63%。实验表明改进方法分割的热带气旋云系更为完整,对各阶段的热带气旋云系识别率均更高。     

无眼台风自动定位方法研究

本文利用GMS红外云图对无眼有螺旋云带的台 风进行了自动定位研究,提出了由云图预处理、云图交互式分割、台风螺旋云带形态特征提 取、螺旋线拟合及定位的四步定位方案,取得了较好的效果．     

基于纹理特征的卫星云图台风自动识别方法

利用图像的分形维数和灰度梯度共生矩阵提取了卫星云图中台风密蔽云区等目标的纹理特征,将图像分形维数和灰度梯度共生矩阵的三个二次统计特征结合起来,对卫星云图进行识别分类.     

基于Seq2Seq和Attention的时序卫星云图台风等级预测

台风预测可为台风预警预报提供先验信息,辅助相关部门进行科学决策,以减少灾害损失。利用时间序列台风卫星云图,提出一种新的台风等级预测模型SeqTyphoon,将注意力机制和序列到序列引入模型预测未来时刻台风图像,然后利用卷积神经网络对预测的台风图像进行台风等级预测。通过日本气象厅发布的1981—2017年3万多张时序台风卫星云图,构建了训练集、验证集和测试集,分别对应29 519、3 804、1 995张台风图像。针对SeqTyphoon模型,分别进行了台风云图的不同时间间隔、不同预测时长及不同空间分辨率对台风图像预测精度影响的对比实验。实验结果表明,台风云图均为32像素×32像素,时间间隔为6h比时间间隔为12h的训练集和验证集的均方根误差分别降低5.41%、5.72%,前者训练集的均方根误差达到0.092 2,验证集为0.095 4,前者台风等级预测准确率为后者的2倍;台风云图为32像素×32像素,时间间隔为6h时,预测未来6～48h的台风图像,训练集和验证集的均方根误差均递增,台风等级预测准确率递减;时间间隔为6h,图像为64像素×64像素的训练集的均方根误差为0.089 6,验证集为0.091 1,台风等级预测总体准确率为83.2%。综上,影响台风图像的最主要因素是相邻台风云图的时间间隔,其次是预测时长与空间分辨率大小。     

卫星云图形态特征提取

本文采用数学形态学的方法实现了卫星云图的形态特征提取，给出了卫星云图多值自适应并行分割算法和形态特征的并行提取算法，并在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ中用并行Ｃ编程实现。     

Typhoon eye extraction with an automatic SAR image segmentation method

Spaceborne microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR), with its high spatial resolution (10–100 m), large area coverage, and day/night imaging capability, has been used as an important tool for typhoon monitoring. Since the microwave signal can penetrate through clouds, SAR images reveal typhoon morphology at the sea surface. Within the region of a typhoon eye, wind speed and the associated sea surface roughness are usually low. Therefore, the typhoon eye can be well distinguished as dark areas in SAR images. However, automatic typhoon eye extraction from SAR images is hampered by SAR image speckle noise and other false-alarm dark features contained in an image. In this study, we propose an image processing approach to extract typhoon eyes from SAR images. The three-step image processing includes: (1) applying an extended non-local means image denoizing algorithm to reduce image speckle noise; (2) applying a top-hat transform to denoized imagery to enhance the contrast; and (3) using a labelled watershed to segment the typhoon eye. Experimental results from analysing three Environmental Satellite SAR typhoon images show that our approach provides fast and efficient SAR image segmentation for typhoon eye extraction. Typhoon eyes are segmented correctly, and their edges are well detected. Our experimental results are comparable to manually extracted typhoon eye information. Fine-tuning of this approach will provide an automatic tool for typhoon eye information extraction from SAR images.     

A novel nonlinear algorithm for typhoon cloud image enhancement

A novel nonlinear gray transform method is proposed to enhance the contrast of a typhoon cloud image. Generally, the typhoon cloud image obtained by a satellite cannot be directly used to make an accurate prediction of the typhoon’s center or intensity because the contrast of the received typhoon cloud image may be bad. Our aim is to extrude the typhoon’s eye in the typhoon cloud image. A normalized arc-tangent transformation operation is designed to enhance global contrast of the typhoon cloud image. Differential evolution algorithm is used to choose the optimal nonlinear transform parameter. Finally, geodesic activity contour model is used to extract the typhoon’s eye to verify the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently enhance the global contrast of the typhoon cloud image while greatly extruding the typhoon’s eye.     

Adaptive typhoon cloud image enhancement using genetic algorithm and non-linear gain operation in undecimated wavelet domain

By combining discrete undecimated wavelet transform (UWT) with genetic algorithm (GA) an efficient enhancement algorithm for typhoon cloud image is proposed. Having implemented UWT to a typhoon cloud mage, noise in a typhoon cloud image is reduced by modifying the undecimated wavelet coefficients by combining with generalization cross validation at fine resolution levels. GA and non-linear gain operation are used to modify the undecimated wavelet coefficients at coarse resolution levels in order to extrude the details of a typhoon cloud image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently reduce the additive gauss white noise in a typhoon cloud image while well extruding the detail. In order to accurately assess an enhanced typhoon cloud image’s quality, an overall score index is proposed based on information entropy, contrast measure and peak signal-noise ratio. Finally, comparisons between the proposed algorithm and five other similar methods, are carried out.     

Typhoon cloud image enhancement and reducing speckle with genetic algorithm in stationary wavelet domain

By employing discrete stationary wavelet transform (SWT), generalised cross-validation (GCV), genetic algorithm (GA), and non-linear gain operator, an efficient de-noising and enhancement algorithm for typhoon cloud image is proposed. Having implemented SWT to a typhoon cloud image, noise in a typhoon cloud image is reduced by modifying the stationary wavelet coefficients using GA and GCV at fine resolution levels. Asymptotical optimal de-noising threshold can be obtained, without knowing the variance of noise, by only employing the known input image data. GA and non-linear gain operator are used to modify the stationary wavelet coefficients at coarse resolution levels in order to enhance the details of a typhoon cloud image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently reduce the speckle in a typhoon cloud image while well enhancing the detail. In order to accurately assess an enhanced typhoon cloud image's quality, an overall score index is proposed based on information entropy, contrast measure and peak signal-noise-ratio (PSNR). Finally, comparisons between the proposed algorithm and other similar methods, which are proposed based on discrete wavelet transform, are carried out.     

Segmentation of typhoon cloud image by combining a discrete stationary wavelet transform with a continuous wavelet transform

An algorithm is proposed that employs a multi-threshold technique to segment a typhoon cloud image. For both reducing the noise and enhancing the detail in the typhoon cloud image, the noise is reduced by a Wiener filter and the detail is enhanced by a nonlinear gain operator in the discrete stationary wavelet domain in the proposed algorithm. Then, the histogram equalization technique is used to enhance the global contrast of the processed image. In order to reduce the false peaks of the histogram of the denoised and enhanced typhoon cloud image (DETCI), a Bezier curve is used to smooth the histogram. An optimal segmentation threshold is then obtained from the multiple thresholds obtained from the Bezier histogram. The optimal threshold is used to segment the DETCI. The region of the maximum area in the segmented DETCI is selected as a region of interest (ROI). Thus other objects of small cloud masses are removed by the above method. We replace the area of the ROI with the corresponding area of the original typhoon cloud image to obtain the segmented ROI (SROI). Again the Bezier histogram is used to smooth the false peaks in the histogram of the SROI. In order to detect accurately the peaks and valleys in the curve of the Bezier histogram, a continuous wavelet transform is used to determine the location of peaks and valleys. After the wavelet transform, multi-segmented images at different scales are obtained. A criterion is employed to select an optimal segmentation scale. Finally, the whole typhoon cloud series is segmented accurately by the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently segment the typhoon cloud series from a typhoon cloud image, and is better than the Olivo and HQ methods for analysing the structure of the typhoon wind field.     

基于纹理方向整体分布特征的台风自动识别方法

为实现卫星云图上台风的自动识别，提出了一种基于纹理方向整体分布特征的台风云系图象自动识别方法，通过引入矢量矩的概念来表现图象纹理整体分布规律，该识别方法采用全局搜索方式，将一窗口在整幅图象上滑动，首先计算出窗口图象内各点的纹理方向，进而得出窗口图像的矢量矩，将矢量矩与阈值比较来判整幅图象是否为台风云系图像，实验结果表明，该方法能够识别不同类型和不同发展阶段的台风云系图象，能够很好地将台风云系与其他干扰云系区分开，具有较广泛的适应性和较高的识别率。     

基于红外云图的台风中心智能定位方法

台风中心附近的云墙是同心圆状云带且其灰度值范围较固定,针对该特点,利用红外云图对台风中心进行智能定位,提出由云图预处理、Snake活动轮廓模型提取台风云墙轮廓点、最小二乘法拟合圆组成的3步定位方法。实验结果表明,该方法定位速度快、精度高,能满足气象业务的实时性要求。     

Spatio-Temporal Data Mining for Typhoon Image Collection

Our research aims at discovering useful knowledge from the large collection of satellite images of typhoons using data mining approaches. We first introduce the creation of the typhoon image collection that consists of around 34,000 typhoon images for the northern and southern hemisphere, providing the medium-sized, richly-variational and quality-controlled data collection suitable for spatio-temporal data mining research. Next we apply several data mining approaches for this image collection. We start with spatial data mining, where principal component analysis is used for extracting basic components and reducing dimensionality, and it revealed that the major principal components describe latitudinal structures and spiral bands. Moreover, clustering procedures give the birds-eye-view visualization of typhoon cloud patterns. We then turn to temporal data mining, including state transition rules, but we demonstrate that it involves intrinsic difficulty associated with the nonlinear dynamics of the atmosphere, or chaos. Finally we briefly introduce our system IMET (Image Mining Environment for Typhoon analysis and prediction), which is designed for the intelligent and efficient searching and browsing of the typhoon image collection.     

基于XML-SVG的图像动态更新与动画演播系统实现

基于XML—SVG、JavaScript和ASP．NET等技术的结合应用,探讨了一个基于网络环境、交互式、多时相、多场景图像动态更新与动画演播系统的开发与应用。系统采用了XML-SVG与JavaScript实现前台图像动态演播,后台采用ASP．NET＋XML数据库的支持,实现了图像数据的管理、动态更新和图像的选择。利用该系统实现了多时相台风云图的动态发展过程的可交互的动画演播。