铸造/SHS法制备TiC-Al2O3钢基表面复合层的研究

采用Ti-C-Al-Fe2O3反应体系,结合自蔓延高温合成（SHS）和铸造两种工艺,制备TiC-Al2O3钢基复合材料.对Ti-C-Al-Fe2O3体系进行了热力学计算,并结合XRD及DSC分析,为本体系合成TiC,Al2O3提供理论依据.热力学计算表明：在1600℃的钢液引燃的SHS反应过程中,只能生成Al2O3,TiC两种产物.通过XRD分析也证明了在反应产物中只有Al2O3,TiC两种物质形成.并对本体系的动力学进行分析,结果表明,紧实率为55%～65%的预制块,反应进行的最充分,钢液的浸渗能力最强;陶瓷增强颗粒尺寸随着过量Al元素的增加而逐渐减小并且分布更均匀.     

机械诱发自蔓延反应合成Ti3AlC2的机理研究

以3Ti／Al／2C粉体为原料,采用机械合金化的方法以合成Ti3AlC2材料。研究结果表明,在机械合金化过程中诱发自蔓延反应,反应会产生大量坚硬的小块体颗粒,大小约为0．2-11mm。粉体的组成相为TiC、Ti3AlC2、Ti2AlC,而块体仅含有TiC和Ti3AlC2。获得的粉体和块体产物中Ti3AlC2含量分别约为63wt％和84．8wt％。提出了一个机械诱发自蔓延反应合成Ti3AlC2的反应机制,即Ti3AlC2是从固相TiC与Ti-Al液相中形核并长大。     

外加电场作用下自蔓延燃烧规律研究

通过对（１－ ｘ）（ Ｔｉ＋ Ｃ）＋ ｘ（ Ｎｉ＋ Ａｌ）＝ （１－ ｘ） Ｔｉ Ｃ＋ ｘ Ｎｉ Ａｌ反应体系的 Ｓ Ｈ Ｓ实验研究，获得了外加电场对燃烧过程及产物的影响规律： Ｓ Ｈ Ｓ过程中燃烧波速与外加电场电压呈线性关系；外加电场将使燃烧温度升高，升高的比率与预热条件有关；外加电场对燃烧产物颗粒尺寸有显著影响。通过选择合适的外加电压，可以将颗粒尺寸控制在所需范围之内，进而达到控制产品性能的目的。     

燃烧反应C10H8(s) +12O2(g)→10CO2(g)+4H2O(l)的热力学焓和内能

用实验的方法测定了燃烧反应C10H8(s) +12O2(g)10CO2(g)+4H2O(l)的热力学焓ΔH和内能ΔU.根据热力学基本定律用实验数据计算结果表明该燃烧反应焓ΔH=-5093.3kJ.mol-1和反应内能ΔU=-5012kJ*mol-1,与理论计算结果相近似.为了了解反应物和产物的微观结构在该反应热力学性能中所起作用,介绍和讨论了在反应过程中反应物和产物的熔化和内部结构变化对反应熵S,焓H和热容Cp(T)的影响.     

Ti-C-Al-Fe_2O_3反应体系的热力学及形成产物的分析

针对Ti-C-Al-Fe2O3体系进行了热力学计算,并结合DSC及XRD分析,为研究该体系反应合成TiC,Al2O3提供了理论依据.计算结果表明：该体系在发生SHS反应时,可以生成TiC,Al2O3,Fe2Ti,TiAl3,Fe3C和Al4C3等产物,但TiC,Al2O3的热力学稳定性要远远大于Fe2Ti,TiAl3,Fe3C和Al4C3等相,因此,在1600℃的钢液引燃的SHS反应过程中,只能生成TiC,Al2O3两种产物.通过XRD分析也证明了在反应产物中只有TiC,Al2O3两种物质形成.     

Si和Al对机械合金化合成Ti3SiC2的影响

采用3Ti／Si／2C单质粉体为原料,进行机械合金化,以合成Ti3SiC2粉体。研究了Al和过量Si对机械合金化合成Ti3SiC2的影响。研究结果表明,机械合金化单质混合粉体,会诱发自蔓延反应。反应后产生大量坚硬的颗粒状产物。机械合金化3Ti／Si／2C粉体,会产生组成相为TiC、Ti3SiC2、TiSi2和Ti5Si3的粉体与颗粒产物。添过量Si并不会促进机械合金化反应合成Ti3SiC2。添适量Al可消除硅化物,明显促进反应合成Ti3SiC2。采用3Ti／Si／2C／0．15Al粉体作原料时,颗粒产物中Ti3SiC2含量最高,为92．8wt％;而采用3Ti／Si／2C／0．20Al粉体作原料时,粉体产物中Ti3SiC2含量最高,为61．9wt％。     

Al2O3对3Ti/Si/2C体系自蔓延高温合成Ti3SiC2的影响

以3Ti/Si/2C粉体为原料,通过自蔓延高温合成技术合成了Ti3SiC2材料。研究了Al2O3助剂对自蔓延高温合成Ti3SiC2的影响。研究结果表明,3Ti/Si/2C粉体会发生自蔓延反应,产物的组成相为TiC、Ti3SiC2和Ti5Si3,产物中Ti3SiC2含量约为23%。添加适量的细粒度Al2O3可显著促进反应合成Ti3SiC2,3Ti/Si/2C/0.1Al2O3原料反应后得到的产物中Ti3SiC2含量达64%。     

Study on the isothermal oxidation behavior in air of Ti_3AlC_2 sintered by hot pressing

The isothermal oxidation behavior at 900―1300℃ for 20 h in air of bulk Ti3AlC2 with 2.8 wt% TiC sintered by means of hot pressing was investigated in the work. The isothermal oxidation behavior generally followed a parabolic rate law. The parabolic rate constants increased from 1.39×10-10 kg2·m-4·s-1 at 900℃ to 5.56×10-9 kg2·m-4·s-1 at 1300℃. The calculated activation energy was 136.45 kJ/mol. It was demonstrated that Ti3AlC2 had excellent oxidation resistance due to the continuous, dense and adhesive protect scales consisted of a mass of α-Al2O3 and a little of TiO2 and/or Al2TiO5. In principle, the oxide scale was grown by the inward diffusion of O2- and the outward diffusion of Ti4 and Al3 . The rapid outward diffusion of cations usually resulted in the formation of cracks, gaps, and holes.     

磨球直径对机械合金化合成TiC反应过程的影响

使用机械合金化方法在卧式行星式球磨机上制备了TiC。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对粉末的微观结构和形貌的变化进行了分析。讨论了在机械合金化制备TiC过程中磨球直径对于球磨效率、球磨能量的传递以及Ti+C→TiC发生机理的影响,对于TiC的不同形成机理作出了解释。结果表明:在机械合金化制备TiC的过程中,磨球直径对于反应发生的速率和反应机理有着明显的影响,即当磨球直径较小时,Ti+C→TiC反应是以机械诱发扩散反应(MRD)的形式逐步进行的;当磨球直径较大时,反应是以自蔓燃反应(SHS)的形式快速进行的。     

(Ti,Fe)-Al-C体系钢铁基复合材料的热力学计算与分析

利用溶液热力学理论,研究了(Ti,Fe)AlC体系钢铁基复合材料可能的反应产物的吉布斯自由能变化。热力学实验模型是在FeC熔液中加入钛铁合金(Ti,Fe)和纯铝块,继续加热到1600℃,熔液经过充分混合、反应后随炉冷却到常温。计算结果表明,TiC先于Fe2Ti、Fe3C等相生成,但始终没有Al4C3和TiAl3相产生;体系中TiC的热力学稳定性最高;在凝固过程中,TiC相优先析出,随后可能有Fe2Ti、Fe3C等相析出;铝含量的增加能够促进TiC、Fe2Ti、Fe3C等相的生成。     

几种氧化铝基陶瓷材料的摩擦特性及有限元分析

利用高速环-块摩擦磨损试验机,研究了Al2O3、Al2O3/Ti(C,N)、Al2O3/TiC/CaF2陶瓷材料在室温下与45#钢干摩擦时的摩擦特性,并利用ANSYS分析了摩擦过程中的应力分布。结果表明:纯Al2O3和Al2O3/Ti(C,N)随着转速和载荷(载荷为10 N除外)的增加摩擦系数呈下降趋势;Al2O3/TiC/CaF2的摩擦系数先随转速增大而略有上升,然后减小,随着载荷(载荷为10 N除外)的增加摩擦系数减小。与Al2O3相比,Al2O3/Ti-(C,N)陶瓷的最大主应力和最大剪应力接近,但力学性能优于Al2O3陶瓷,使磨粒的刻划作用减弱,摩擦磨损性能改善;Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷的主应力和剪应力明显降低,并且在摩擦过程中自润滑陶瓷能在摩擦表面形成一层自润滑膜,从而改善了摩擦磨损性能。     

Ti-C-Al-Fe2O3体系原位合成钢基复合材料组织与形貌研究

采用Ti-C-Al-Fe2O3反应体系,结合铸造和自蔓延高温合成（SHS）两种工艺,在湿砂型中浇注高温熔融的钢水,引燃SHS压块,从而发生自蔓延高温合成反应,生成了高硬度的陶瓷相TiC、Al2O3.通过改变Ti-C-Al-Fe2O3体系组分配比,探讨了体系在金属液内SHS反应对原位内生TiC、Al2O3尺寸与分布的影响.结果表明,随着过量Al元素的增加,陶瓷增强颗粒尺寸逐渐减小且分布更均匀;稀土CeO2加入量的增加,增强区更加致密,稀土CeO2添加剂含量为0.8%时制备的复合材料中原位形成的Al2O3、TiC颗粒尺寸较小,分布均匀.     

The Combustion Synthesis Process of Al-Ti-C System in an Elevated-temperature Al-melt

One of the main disadvantages of combustion synthesis of ceramic/metal composite materials is the relatively high level of porosity present in the products. To synthesize TiC/ Al composites with a dense structure, this paper proposes a novel application of an elevated-temperature Al-melt to directly ignite and simultaneously in-filtrate Al-Ti-C preform dipped in the melt. The emphasis was placed on the combustion synthesis process and mi-crostructural evolution of the preform in the melt, by a liquid quenching test combined with the measurtment of the temperatwe history of the dipped preform. The results show that the combustion synthesis process of the preform in the elevated-temperature melt involves a series of reactions, and that higher temperature of the melt is favourable for the formation of TiC. The synthesized TiC / Al composites exhibit a dense strucame, which is attributed to the infiltration of the melt into the preform.     

Microstructural evolution during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Ti-Al system

In order to investigate the microstructural evolution during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） of Ti-Al powder mixture with an atomic ratio of Ti： Al=1：1, a combustion front quenching method （CFQM） was used for extinguishing the propagating combustion wave, and the microstructures on the quenched sample were observed with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and analyzed with energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. In addition, the combustion temperature of the reaction was measured, and the phase constituent of the synthesized product was inspected by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results showed that the combustion reaction started from melting of the Al particles, and the melting resulted in dissolving of the Ti particles and forming of Al3Ti grains. As the Al liquid was depleted, the combustion reaction proceeded through solid-state diffusion between the solid Al3Ti and the solid Ti. This led to the forming of TiAl and Ti3Al diffusing layers. In addition, the combustion reaction is incomplete besides TiAl, there are a large amount of Ti3Al and TiAl3 and a small amount of Ti in the final product. This incompleteness chiefly results from the using of coarser Ti powder.     

Preparation of porous silicon carbide by combustion synthesis

Porous silicon carbide ceramics were prepared by combustion synthesis technique. SiC/TiC composite was gained by combustion reaction of Si, C and Ti. Thermodynamics analysis of Si-C-Ti system indicates that the content of TiC in products should be larger than 30%. The experimental results show that the content of Ti C should be larger than 25% to achieve a complete combustion reaction. The X-ray diffractometry results show that the final products with a relative density of 45%-64% are composed of a-SiC,β-SiC, TiC and a small quantity of Si. The images of scanning electron microscopy show that the structures of grain in SiC based porous ceramics consist of particles with a few microns in size.     

Instability of TiC and TiAl3 compounds in Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys by addition of Al-Ti-C master alloy

The performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy in refining Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys was studied by using electron probe micro-analyzer （EPMA） and X-ray diffractometer （XRD） analysis. The results indicate that there are obvious fading phenomena in both Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys with the addition of Al-5Ti-0.4C refiner which contains TiC and TiAl3 compounds. Mg element has no influence on the stability of TiC and TiAl3, while TiC particles in Al-10Mg alloy react with Al to form Al4C3 particles, resulting in the refinement fading. However, TiC particles are relatively stable in Al-5Cu alloy, while TiAl3 phase reacts with Al2Cu to produce a new phase Ti（Al, Cu）2, which is responsible for the refinement fading in Al-5Cu alloy. These indicate that the refinement fading will not occur only when both the TiC particles and TiAl3 compound of Al-Ti-C refiner are stable in Al alloys.     

Synthesis of high pure Ti3AlC2 and Ti2AlC powders from TiH2 powders as Ti source by tube furnace

Titanium aluminum carbide (Ti₃AlC₂ and Ti₂AlC) powders were synthesized from TiH₂ powders instead of Ti powders as Ti source by a tube furnace under argon atmosphere without preliminary dehydrogenation. 95 wt% pure Ti₃AlC₂ powders were synthesized from TiH₂/1.1Al/2TiC at 1 450 °C for 120 min. High-purity Ti₂AlC powders were also prepared from 3TiH₂/1.5Al/C and 2TiH₂/1.5Al/TiC powders at 1 400 °C for 120 min. The as-synthesized samples were porous and easy to be ground into powders. Sn or Si additives in starting materials increased the purity of synthesized Ti₃AlC₂ obviously and expanded the temperature range for the synthesis of Ti₃AlC₂. With Si or Sn as additives, high pure Ti₃AlC₂ was synthesized at 1 200 °C for 60 min from TiH₂/x Si/Al/2TiC and TiH₂/x Sn/Al/2TiC (x = 0.1, 0.2), respectively.     

As-cast microstructures of Ti-11 Al- xC alloys

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Preparation of TiAl/Ti2AlC Composites with Ti/Al/C Powders by In-situ Hot Pressing

TiAl/Ti2AlC composites were prepared by in-situ hot pressing of TilAl/C powders mixtures and sintered at different temperatures were investigated by X- ray diffraction （ XRD ） of samples. The reaction procedure of Ti-Al-C system could be divided into three stnges. Below 900℃ , Ti reacts with Al to form TiAl intermetallics ; above 900 ℃ , C reacts with remain Ti to form TiC triggered by the exothermal reaction of Ti and Al ; TiAl reacts with TiC to produce dense TiAl/Ti2AlC compasites.In the holding stage, ternary Ti2AlC develops to layered polycrystal and composites pyknosis in the meanwhile. The mechanism of synthesis and microstructure was especially discussed.     

镍离子注入Al2O3/1Cr18Ni9Ti钎焊界面成分分析

利用扫描电镜观察了镍离子注入Ａｌ２Ｏ３／１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ钎焊界面的形貌,并用ｘｌⅡ能谱分析仪对焊缝进行面、线和点扫描成分分析,结果表明,焊接面非常完整,在Ａｌ２Ｏ钎焊料／１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ相互界面处存在着元素扩散。