基于Web的电厂远程/本地专家分析平台

介绍了一种利用Internet技术和数据库技术构建的电厂专家分析平台。该平台包括实时监视、实时经济性分析和专业智能搜索引擎，可以在电厂本地或远程安装运行。实时监视子系统能实时远程监视电厂现场运行状况；实时经济性分析子系统能在不同工况下诊断热力系统各设备能量损失以及整个热力系统的经济指标；专业智能搜索引擎能搜索出众多电厂运行参数之间的相关关系，可用于故障诊断系统的知识获取等。各系统以Web页面的形式为远程/本地用户提供服务。文中提出了该套系统的浏览器/服务器/数据库三层结构总体框架，并介绍了几个子系统的设计实现和应用实例。     

高港泵站信息管理系统的研究和实现

为实现泵站自动化和运行管理系统的无缝集成及网络化,研制基于富互联网应用(RIA)架构的高港泵站信息管理系统.高港泵站信息化系统采用4层结构框图,最下层泵站自动化系统,利用 JX-300 DCS 集散控制系统实现对数据的采集和控制;中间层泵站信息管理系统,对各种实时数据进行处理分析和存储,提供实时运行数据的浏览和查询服务;引江河管理处或上级调度管理部门实现调度和日常管理.为保证系统安全运行,不同层之间按照安全要求等级的不同设置相应的网间隔离装置.系统采用 Silverlight 的 RIA 架构,开发泵站运行远程监控和日常管理平台,以实现具体功能.经过近1 a 的测试和试运行,系统安全可靠,操作方便,实现泵站运行调度管理网络化     

省级防汛指挥决策支持系统的建设与管理

根据作者近年来参与的一系列相关工作的经验和认识,介绍了省级防汛指挥决策支持系统的研究目标、功能特点、组成结构和关键技术,提出了"三层"体系结构(人机交互层、模型应用层、系统支撑层)和"五库十机"实用系统框架(数据库、模型库、方法库、知识库、文本库和数据接收、气象产品应用、汛情监视、信息服务、洪水预报、防洪调度、灾情评估、防汛管理、会商支持、城市防洪),指出基于Web GIS的信息管理、基于模型的应用开发和基于网络的应用集成,是省级防汛指挥决策支持系统建设和管理的关键技术。     

地下水供水水源井远程监控技术应用研究综述

采用自动化控制、通信及计算机网络等高新科技手段,对地下水供水水源井进行数据采集、传输,实现水资源综合调度管理。远程监控系统由主控层、网络层及现地控制层组成,应用基于高速长距离光纤网络、SCADA数字电台网络、光纤网络和GPRS无线网络及现地智能终端等设备,具有信息传输量大、抗电磁干扰、传输频带宽、抗辐射性强等特点,具备控制、调节、监视与事故报警、数据通信、数据采集处理及图像监视等功能。     

实时水情信息发布与告警系统设计和实现

利用语音应用设计接口（SAPI）和全球移动通信系统（GSM）短信息实现实时水情信息的发布和现场语音告警提示功能，加强了管理人员对水情信息的远程监视和现场监视。文中介绍了实时水情信息发布与告警系统的设计思想、工作流程、实现方法及技术特点。     

水利设备的远程诊断与维修

基于我国大中型水利运行设备状态监控与诊断技术的应用特性及要求,充分考虑水闸、船闸等水利设备运行特点及管理模式,介绍了水利设备状态监测集成化系统的远程诊断模式、结构特点以及实现方式,重点闸述了该模式的实施关键技术,为我国水利设备远程诊断与维修工作提供借鉴。     

面向电厂维护的机组状态远程监视平台构建

基于状态检修的研究现状和需求，提出了一种基于浏览器/客户/服务器（B/C/S）的远程监视平台模型，讨论了模型的结构、功能特性、工作原理及所涉及的关键技术。通过该平台，用户可以方便快捷地获取、交换和共享状态信息和诊断信息，解决了传统B/S结构响应速度慢和C/S结构升级维护困难等问题。此外，基于软件复用技术的编程模式，使平台具有良好的集成性、开放性和扩展性。     

基于WebGIS 技术的齐齐哈尔市防汛指挥系统平台研究与实践

结合齐齐哈尔市防汛指挥系统研究和运行平台设计工作实践,详细论述了城市防汛指挥系统的结构原理和WebGIS平台架构,提出了“3库、3层、1平台、4大应用功能“的“3-3-1-4“城市防汛指挥系统架构和基于WebGIS技术的运行平台模型.齐齐哈尔市防汛指挥系统能够有效地利用汛情观测资料及其发展变化规律作出更加准确的评价、分析、预报和预测,其系统功能包括防汛信息的实时采集、传输和管理;汛情发展的动态监视、查询和发布;基于汛情资料、知识(指挥经验)和模型(科学分析)提供防汛会商和指挥调度的决策支持以及防汛指挥管理等.     

基于PLC控制的多泵站远程监控系统设计与实现

多泵站远程监控系统是基于PLC控制和GPRS传输的分布式远程泵站控制系统,在站点分布广泛、通讯稳定性要求高的条件下得到了很好的应用。文中介绍了多泵站远程监控系统的功能与构成,分别阐述了现场控制部分、无线传输链路和监控中心的结构与工作方式以及PLC在现场控制和数据通信中的作用,并分析了监控系统的使用效果。     

太浦闸监控系统与远程传输网络

介绍了太浦闸监控系统的监控网络、闸门控制、安全监测和视频监视等部分的体系架构与具体实现，以及远程传输网络的总体架构与基于iFIX平台网络信息发布的实现。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。