移动颗粒床除尘技术在粉煤干馏工艺中的应用

分析了粉煤干馏工艺的荒煤气中气、尘、油难以分离的问题,并对移动颗粒床除尘技术原理及工艺流程进行了详细介绍。在粉煤干馏工艺中应用移动颗粒床除尘技术,解决了干馏系统荒煤气的气、尘、油难以分离的难题,实现了干馏系统稳定运行。     

煤中低温热解挥发分和硫脱除研究进展

针对目前我国民用燃煤煤质较差,污染物无法集中处理,污染环境等问题,基于煤热解原理和硫的赋存形态,分析了气氛、添加剂、升温速率对煤热解过程的影响,论述了国内外目前较为成熟的粉煤干馏工艺,分析了粉煤干馏和块煤干馏的优缺点,提出了粉煤成型热解的工艺思路。重点介绍了目前山西大学和山西领君重工集团联合开发的无烟碳化型煤热解工艺路线,提出了一种洁净煤清洁燃烧多联产工艺系统。粉煤干馏工艺都以粉煤和粒煤为原料,易造成粉尘沉积和堵塞,无法高效分离。块煤可提高焦与油的分离效率,但非胶黏性煤热解过程中会粉化,效率不高。以半焦为热载体会降低半焦利用效率,产生大量焦粉,焦粉民用燃烧需成型,且难以黏结成型,鉴于此,提出了配煤成型热解的思路。热解后半焦粉末经成型可提高油、气产率,强度较好,与焦油高效分离,其产品可根据工艺控制挥发分供民用。煤成型热解联产无烟碳化型煤工艺生产的型煤整体利用率高,产生的污染物提取可制成高附加值副产品,有效控制粉尘污染,提高煤炭的品质和价值。无烟型碳挥发分和发热量高于无烟煤,强度高,用于民用燃烧完全符合国家标准。洁净煤清洁燃烧多联产工艺将循环流化床发电、洁净煤生产和粉煤灰陶粒制作有机结合,可有效利用电厂预热作为热源,并将干馏型煤生产的干馏气用于陶粒烧结的气源,得到洁净型煤产品,实现了固废综合利用和洁净燃烧。     

低阶煤热解高温油气除尘技术进展

低阶煤的热解是我国煤炭清洁高效转化的重要方式,高温油气除尘困难是限制其产业化的瓶颈。低阶煤热解过程中的高温油气具有温度高、尘含量大、含大分子稠环芳烃、易冷凝等特点,易阻塞除尘器及工艺管道,腐蚀设备,降低产品品质。本文主要从工程化应用角度,对比了湿法除尘、旋风除尘、静电除尘、陶瓷管除尘、金属过滤器除尘、颗粒床除尘等主要高温除尘工艺在低阶煤热解高温油气除尘领域的应用现状,分析了各技术优缺点及领域内的专利情况,指出颗粒床除尘、催化除尘、组合除尘技术有望成为未来该领域的发展方向。     

移动式颗粒床气固分离性能冷态试验

以热解为首要步骤的煤炭分质转化技术可在较温和的条件下实现煤炭高效利用,其中含尘热解气净化是该技术规模化应用需要解决的关键问题之一。颗粒床过滤技术具有过滤效率高、滤料成本低等优势。为考察移动式颗粒床对粉煤热解气除尘过滤的有效性,选用小麦为颗粒床冷态试验的滤料介质,硅胶粉为试验粉尘,在自行设计的冷态试验平台上考察各操作条件对颗粒层过滤除尘效率的影响规律。结果表明:过滤效率的影响因素顺序为:表观风速过滤层厚度滤料下料速度;过滤效率随表观风速的增大而减小,随过滤层厚度的增加而增大。过滤层厚度增至200 mm以上时,过滤效率变化较小;而滤料下料速度增大,过滤效率减小。粉尘粒径达10μm后,过滤效率基本可维持在98%。在优化的过滤条件下(过滤层厚度为300 mm,滤料下料速度为0.002 m/s,过滤时间为10 min),最佳过滤效率可达98.1%。试验结果不仅实现了对常温下移动颗粒层过滤性能的预测,也为粉煤热解含尘煤气颗粒床热态除尘装置的设计提供了依据。     

颗粒床除尘技术在高温煤气除尘中的工程示范研究

利用颗粒床除尘原理搭建了高温煤气除尘中试装置,研究了颗粒床除尘器在煤干馏高温、高含尘、含焦油工况下的除尘使用效果和稳定性,采集了除尘器除尘效率和压力数据,结果表明,颗粒床除尘器在高温干馏煤气工况条件下,压差稳定,除尘效率高,将颗粒床运用到煤化工高温煤气除尘是可行的。     

粉状煤炭热解技术工业化现状与瓶颈

阐述了近年来国内主流粉煤热解技术的工艺原理、研究进展和工业应用示范现状;针对制约粉煤热解技术工业应用的关键共性问题——热解气除尘技术进行了探讨和评价;并对国内典型的煤热解气净化除尘工艺技术进行了分析。     

密闭电石炉烟气净化除尘技术研究

本文介绍了密闭电石炉高温烟气含尘情况,高温烟气净化除尘技术方案、工艺流程,对实际运行中的问题进行分析研究.密闭电石炉炉气的回收和综合利用,已签约CDM项目.     

专利信息

<正>一种高温含尘气体除尘系统本发明公开了一种高温含尘气体除尘系统,它包括可随烟气压力和含尘量大小而自动调节转速的膜转轮,膜转轮包括转轮和组合配装在转轮内的壁流蜂窝陶瓷膜过滤元件,在膜转轮左侧分别固定设置有含尘气体分布罩和集尘罩,在膜转轮右侧分别固定设置有排气罩和反吹空气分布罩,含尘气体过滤处理区面积大于反冲洗区面积。本发明可根据高温气体含尘量,烟气和目不暇接量     

基于半焦为过滤介质的颗粒床过滤器除尘性能分析

为解决粉煤热解工艺中干馏气含尘量较大及颗粒床过滤器滤料再生问题,在颗粒床过滤器除尘实验装置上比较了半焦和石英砂两种滤料的过滤性能,分别采用单因素和正交实验法,考察了表观气速、滤料厚度、滤料粒径和粉尘进料浓度对颗粒床除尘性能的影响。结果表明:多孔介质半焦对粉尘的过滤效率明显高于石英砂;随着过滤时间的延长,除尘效率均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;从过滤质量因子角度考虑,当表观气速为0.35 m/s,滤料厚度为150 mm,滤料粒径为0.83 mm～1.25 mm时,颗粒床过滤器具有较高的过滤性能;粉尘进料浓度增加,在过滤前期除尘效率随之增大,但在过滤后期高进料浓度下除尘效率下降的速率较快。各因素对颗粒床过滤器最大除尘效率影响程度由大到小依次为:表观气速、滤料厚度、滤料粒径、粉尘进料浓度。当表观气速为0.25 m/s,粉尘进料浓度为10 g/m~3,床层厚度为150 mm,滤料粒径为0.38 mm～0.83 mm,除尘效率最大,为99.20%。     

油页岩催化热解气态产物析出特性

采用气相色谱仪和微量硫分析仪在铝甑干馏炉上考察了不同催化剂作用下油页岩热解干馏气和含硫化合物的析出特点。结果表明:催化热解降低了干馏气的产率,不同催化剂对干馏气组成的影响不同;Ni2O3和环烷酸钴促进氢气的析出,降低了CH4的析出;13X分子筛促进烃类析出,Ni2O3和活性白土降低了烃类的析出。催化剂促进了CO2的析出,但对CO析出的影响较小。与常规热解相比,催化热解促进了油页岩干馏气中含硫化合物的析出,皂土和Mo S2的促进作用最大,总硫析出量比常规热解提高4.58倍和3.95倍;活性白土和环烷酸钴的促进作用较常规热解提高了64.01%和32.95%。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

关于建立火炸药安全数据库的探讨

由反映火炸药及其制品的危险性能和用于对它们的生产、储运系统进行安全评价数学模型出发,探讨了如何建立一个全面、实用的火炸药安全评估数据库。通过对此数据库内容、数据表示方法、数据搜索方法以及建立步骤的讨论,明确了该数据库的使用对象和主要功能。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.     

转子挤压组合凹模的应力分析

组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题，对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析，为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。