关于绿色煤化工发展的探索和思考

介绍了我国煤化工产业的发展现状;从思维、产品、技术、能耗等方面分析了新型煤化工的特点;指出发展新型绿色煤化工是实现煤炭资源清洁、高效、环保利用的有效途径,是今后我国煤化工产业的发展方向。     

我国现代煤化工产业发展现状及对石油化工产业的影响

介绍了我国煤制油、煤制烯烃、煤制天然气、煤制乙二醇等几种现代煤化工技术及其产业化发展现状,探讨了现代煤化工的资源消耗、CO₂排放及产业发展过程中的相关问题;同时,分析了现代煤化工产能增长对石油化工产业的影响。结论认为,我国石油对外依存度逐年上升,发展现代煤化工是对石油化工的有益补充,是发挥我国煤炭资源优势、保障国家能源安全的重要途径;近年来我国现代煤化工取得快速发展,但总体来说产业发展之路仍在探索之中,需要深入研究、稳步试点、慎重推广。随着我国现代煤化工产能不断释放,其与石油化工的竞争逐渐凸显,石化企业应注重创新驱动,发挥产品差异化优势,同时降低生产成本,与现代煤化工企业实现优势互补、互利双赢。     

实现煤化工产业科学发展的探讨和建议

中国的资源禀赋决定了煤炭作为我国主体能源的地位较长时期不会改变。现代煤化工是煤的高效、清洁转化利用,发展现代煤化工是国家能源安全的战略选择。分析了我国传统煤化工(合成氨、焦化、甲醇、电石化工)和现代煤化工(煤制天然气、煤制油、甲醇制烯烃)的产业现状及存在问题;从资源、投资、工艺路线和目标产品选择、跨行业多联产、创新驱动等角度,给出了科学发展煤化工产业的若干建议。     

浅析现代煤化工产业发展路径

在全球生态环境急需保护，技术竞争日益激烈，化工市场竞争逐渐加剧，不可再生资源相对紧张，可再生资源技术进步明显的大环境下，结合目前煤化工发展现状，从政策体系、行业标准、创新、绿色发展、多元化、高端化和低碳化等多个方面，对我国现代煤化工产业生态发展路径进行探讨和分析。煤化工产业在我国能源战略发展规划占据着重要地位，应得到足够的重视，推动煤化工产业走高端、绿色、多元、融合的可持续发展之路。     

浅析现代煤化工产业发展路径

在全球生态环境急需保护，技术竞争日益激烈，化工市场竞争逐渐加剧，不可再生资源相对紧张，可再生资源技术进步明显的大环境下，结合目前煤化工发展现状，从政策体系、行业标准、创新、绿色发展、多元化、高端化和低碳化等多个方面，对我国现代煤化工产业生态发展路径进行探讨和分析。煤化工产业在我国能源战略发展规划占据着重要地位，应得到足够的重视，推动煤化工产业走高端、绿色、多元、融合的可持续发展之路。     

我国煤炭深加工产业政策解析

结合我国煤炭深加工现状,对我国《煤炭深加工产业示范"十三五"规划》和《现代煤化工产业创新发展布局方案》两政策文件进行分析,涉及煤炭深加工产业的定位组成、发展阶段、发展环境、发展步骤、管理布局,以及环境等诸多方面。     

能源大数据赋能现代煤化工高质量发展

分析了新能源发展面临的挑战,我国的发展依然依靠煤化工.现代煤化工的高质量发展要从低碳、高效、清洁、安全等方面着手,利用能源大数据去统筹协调化石能源与非化石能源的消费比,加大创新技术投入,应用智慧管理,实现现代煤化工的高质量发展.     

我国煤化工产业发展现状及面临问题

在大量文献资料调研基础上,从我国煤化工发展重要性、产业发展现状及目前产业发展遇到的问题进行了综述,对煤化工发展趋势给出了几点建议。从我国资源结构、能源安全、技术成熟度、环境保护、水资源及碳排放等方面分析,期望探索出一条中国煤化工可持续发展的道路。     

我国煤化工产业发展分析

近20年来,我国煤化工发展势头迅猛,通过对煤化工发展历程的探究,为推进现代煤化工的健康有序发展,总结了我国现代煤化工产业发展问题。从煤资源、水资源、环境承载能力、技术经济等方面多角度分析,为我国现代煤化工项目的实施提出了科学意见。     

煤化工废水处理技术进展及发展方向

煤化工产业快速发展带来了水污染的问题,能否有效处理煤化工废水关系到我国煤化工产业的健康发展。介绍了煤焦化、煤气化和煤液化加工工艺废水的特点,分析了国内外煤化工废水预处理、生化处理和深度处理等方面的技术进展,展望了煤化工废水处理技术的发展方向。研究结果表明,通过多种处理技术的优化组合,能够实现煤化工废水达标排放;由于煤化工废水组分的复杂性,以高级氧化、膜分离为代表的深度处理技术将是今后发展的重点;降低处理成本、提高处理效率也是煤化工废水处理技术发展的必然趋势。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。