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壳牌气化炉能有效完成甲醇、氨气、氢气等重要能源的生产,有着较高的实用价值。在实际运行中,受到开工烧嘴点火方面操作难度较高的影响,容易出现一些问题影响设备的运行,如何有效分析点火故障类型并制定预防措施,便成为很多企业需要考虑的问题。为此,本文阐述了壳牌气化炉点火系统设计及开工烧嘴结构,具体分析了出现的点火故障类型,最后提出对应的预防解决措施,以期提高壳牌气化炉的运行效果。 相似文献
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Shell煤气化装置点火烧嘴与开工烧嘴的试验及应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
点火烧嘴和开工烧嘴的正常投用是Shell煤气化装置顺利试车的重要环节。针对其他先期试车的装置曾出现的点火烧嘴无火焰检测信号、开工烧嘴易烧坏等问题,进行了点火烧嘴和开工烧嘴的模拟试验。通过调整进入点火烧嘴的煤气流量和空气流量,确定点火烧嘴头部火焰的强度,取得最佳测试数据;用清水代替柴油,用中压洁净氮气代替氧气,进行开工烧嘴的炉外试验,获得最优化操作参数。结果表明,点火烧嘴点火成功率为100%,火焰检测强度信号反馈时间为2s;开工烧嘴点火成功率为100%,烧嘴烧坏次数为0,火焰强度保持在90%以上。点火烧嘴和开工烧嘴的正常投用为Shell煤气化装置一次点火投煤成功奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为提高开工烧嘴的点火成功率,确保气化装置投煤顺利,在开车前要对开工烧嘴的运行程序、安全联锁、工艺参数做出必要修改和调整。主要介绍了壳牌煤气化装置实际开车过程中,对开工烧嘴运行的成功优化,提高了点火效率,同时阐明了开车点火过程中的几个关键点。 相似文献
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为解决GSP干煤粉气化技术出现的点火烧嘴无法点火、烧嘴端面烧损、水冷壁烧穿、粗煤气带灰严重、洗涤水固含量高等问题,对气化炉组合烧嘴和粗煤气洗涤系统进行优化改造,并对改造效果进行分析。采用高能量点火方式,提高氧气喷头的耐高温能力,通入一定比例高压蒸汽,改变点火烧嘴冷却水冷却方式,增加气液分离罐、鼓泡塔、塔盘,重新设计洗涤水流程,优化旁路闪蒸系统,设置静态混合器等方法,实现了点火烧嘴点火成功率由40%提高至98%以上,合成气含尘量由20.5mg/m~3降至0.5 mg/m~3以下,有效气产量达到143 856 m~3/h,水冷壁热损降低,气化炉运行时间延长,2012年5台气化炉的累计运行时间是2011年的2~3倍,解决了装置长期低负荷运行的技术瓶颈,实现了装置满负荷、长周期稳定运行。 相似文献
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介绍粉煤气化炉运行情况,阐述气化炉排渣特性及二氧化碳工况气化炉渣口堵渣问题,对比煤烧嘴角度改变前、后的运行状况和运行效果,针对煤烧嘴角度改变后的运行风险,提出相应控制措施。 相似文献
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主要论述了GSP气化技术在试车以来出现的诸多工艺问题,通过三个阶段的不断技术改造和优化,解决了气化烧嘴点火故障、煤粉流量波动、管道设备磨损及粗煤气带灰含大等一系列问题,逐渐使气化装置实现了满负荷、长周期稳定运行。 相似文献
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多喷嘴气化装置投运后,出现了气化炉拱顶超温、锁斗排渣不畅、下降管烧损、煤浆泵入口管线不畅、烧嘴室壁温局部偏高、烧嘴盘管泄漏、烧嘴氧压偏高、煤浆泵活塞杆断裂等问题,影响了装置的长周期稳定运行。经分析,原因锁定在原料煤、工艺烧嘴和工艺操作方面。通过整改并采取相关优化措施后,使得因气化装置造成的停车次数大大减少。 相似文献
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The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion. 相似文献
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Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably. 相似文献
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Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li+ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment Tg and the soft-segment Tm influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature. 相似文献
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In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting
force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret.
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Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007. 相似文献