小鼠小肠RNA对受60Co γ射线照射同系小鼠小肠损伤的恢复

用不同剂量的^60Coγ射线照射BALB／c小鼠的全身或腹部,于照射后1－3h内注入同系正常小鼠小肠RNA,通过肠腺存活率的测定,观察小肠RNA显效时间和照射方式对其修复作用的影响。结果表明,（1）小鼠受照射后6h空肠肠腺存活率即开始降低,4d时降至最低值;（2）受腹部照射小鼠在小肠RNA注入后6h肠腺存活率比照射对照组提高21.40％;（3）正常小鼠小肠RNA在促进受全身照射小鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠恢复时的DMF（Dose Modifying Factor)分别为1．17、1．12、1．10。结果说明,小肠RNA不仅可提高受腹部照射同系小鼠空肠肠腺存活率,而且也可提高受全身照射同系小鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠的肠腺存活率,并在注入后6h即可表现出来。     

电离辐射诱发体内旁效应的初步研究

探讨孕鼠受γ射线照射对旁效应器官胎鼠脑组织神经发育的影响。将怀孕的昆明小鼠随机分为7组:空白对照组、0.5 Gy全身照射组、0.5 Gy头部照射组、1.0 Gy全身照射组、1.0 Gy头部照射组、2.0 Gy全身照射组及2.0 Gy头部照射组。照射组用60Co治疗机对实验小鼠于孕9 d单次急性垂直照射,于孕18 d取胎鼠脑组织,用酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定胎脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase,AchE)及乙酰胆碱(Acetylcholine,Ach)的含量。结果显示,与空白对照组比较,0.5 Gy和1.0 Gy头部照射组胎脑Ach含量显著性降低(p0.05);2.0 Gy头部照射组胎脑AchE及Ach含量均显著性降低(p0.05);0.5 Gy全身照射组胎脑AchE含量明显升高(p0.05);2.0 Gy全身照射组胎脑AchE及Ach含量均显著性降低(p0.05)。孕鼠急性头部受照,电离辐射能够诱发体内旁效应,其胎脑效应类似孕鼠急性全身照射后胎脑效应。     

四君子汤抗辐射活性部位的初步筛选

为筛选四君子汤的抗辐射有效部位,本文通过检测小鼠受照射后3天和7天的外周血象、胸腺系数和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率,探讨比较了四君子汤不同提取部位对受照小鼠的辐射损伤防护作用。将6～8周的BALB/c小鼠192只,用随机数字表法分为阴性对照组、照射对照组以及四君子汤水提取物组、乙醇提取物组、水提醇沉50%部位组、水提醇沉60%部位组、水提醇沉70%部位组、水提醇沉80%部位组,以3.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线全身单次照射造成小鼠电离辐射损伤模型,给药方案为照前连续7天给药,照后连续7天给药。实验结果显示,与照射对照组比较,照后3天,四君子汤水提醇沉80%部位组小鼠的外周血白细胞数显著升高(p<0.05),水提取物、乙醇提取物、水提醇沉50%、60%、70%部位均能显著降低小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率(p<0.05);照后7天,四君子汤水提醇沉70%、80%部位组小鼠的胸腺系数显著升高(p<0.05),水提取物、乙醇提取物、水提醇沉60%、70%、80%部位可显著降低小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率(p<0.05),其中水提醇沉70%、80%部位组小鼠的微核率最低。上述研究结果表明水提醇沉70%、80%部位可能是四君子汤抗辐射活性的主要部位。此结论为明确四君子汤抗辐射损伤作用的化学成分及抗辐射损伤机制研究奠定了基础,并为开发四君子汤抗辐射中药新药提供了科学依据。     

鳖甲粗多糖对受X射线照射的小鼠的防护作用

本实验研究了预防给予（灌胃）鳖甲粗多糖对受Ｘ射线照射小鼠，３０ｄ存活率及免疫功能的影响。结果表明：预防给予３ｄ鳖甲粗多糖可延长受照小鼠的存活时间，提高３０ｄ存活率，不同程度地提高不同剂量（２，４，６Ｇｙ）Ｘ射线照射后２４ｈ小鼠的体重，脾重和胸腺重，显著升高受照小鼠的白细胞数，脾细胞数及胸腺细胞数。     

细胞核靶向富勒醇固体脂质纳米粒对小鼠亚致死剂量辐射损伤的预防作用

为研究细胞核靶向富勒醇固体脂质纳米粒(C60(OH)24-SLN-E)对亚致死剂量60Coγ射线照射致小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用,采用SPF级雄性ICR小鼠,连续7天腹腔注射细胞核靶向富勒醇硬脂质纳米粒,于第7天送往辐照中心接受60Coγ射线全身均匀照射,照射剂量为6 Gy,照射剂量率为0.42 Gy/min,观察照后小鼠一般情况、体重变化,测定照后14天小鼠外周血液学参数的变化。结果表明,细胞核靶向富勒醇固体脂质纳米粒(C60(OH)24-SLN-E)能有效减轻亚致死剂量60Coγ射线所引起的小鼠体重、外周血白细胞的降低,还可以促进照射后小鼠骨髓红系造血的恢复,与照射对照组相比差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。说明细胞核靶向富勒醇固体脂质纳米粒(C60(OH)24-SLN-E)对受亚致死剂量60Coγ射线照射的小鼠具有一定的保护作用。     

铁皮枫斗晶对小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用

研究了铁皮枫斗晶对6 0 Coγ射线一次性全身照射后小鼠主要脏器中脂质过氧化物 (LPO)和外周血中白细胞和血小板的变化以及不同剂量的铁皮枫斗晶对小鼠 3 0天存活率的影响。结果显示 ,铁皮枫斗晶能使受照后小鼠主要脏器中LPO含量明显下降 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,外周血中血小板显著升高 (p<0 .0 5 ) ;白细胞也有增高趋势 ;不同剂量的铁皮枫斗晶都能不同程度地提高受照鼠 3 0天存活率 ,说明铁皮枫斗晶具有较好的抗辐射作用。其作用原理与清除自由基和促进造血功能恢复有关     

有机硒牛磺酸制剂辐射防护作用小鼠试验研究

采用60Coγ射线全身照射清洁级昆明种小鼠,观察口服给予有机硒牛磺酸制剂对小鼠30天存活情况、骨髓有核细胞数和微核、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）活性、免疫功能的影响。试验结果显示：与单纯照射组相比,给药组小鼠30天存活率提高显著,平均存活天数提高7.9 d;给药组GSH和抗体积数升高显著;中剂量和高剂量SOD活性增强;高剂量脾脏系数升高显著。     

黄蘑多糖对受X射线照射小鼠的防护作用

本文观察了预防给予黄蘑多糖对受Ｘ射线照射小鼠的保护作用及其对免疫功能的影响。结果表明，黄蘑多糖可明显提高受８．０ＧｙＸ线照射小鼠３０日存活率，保护指数可达１．７２，防护效果与人参多糖相近。另外，黄蘑多糖可显著增强受２．０Ｇｙ照射小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞产生ＩＬ－２和γＩＦＮ的能力，激活脾脏ＮＫ细胞，加速胸腺细胞周期进程。说明黄蘑多糖对受Ｘ线照射小鼠有一定的防护作用，可明显增强其免疫功能。     

藻蓝蛋白对辐射致小鼠氧化损伤的保护作用

通过建立X射线辐射损伤小鼠模型,研究藻蓝蛋白(Phycocyanin,PC)对辐射引起鼠氧化损伤的保护作用。选取C57 BL/6雄性小鼠72只,按体重随机分为正常对照组、单纯辐射组、PC预防组、阳性对照组,每组18只。辐射前连续灌胃相应受试样品7 d,在第8 d,除正常组外,其余各组接受全身一次性6 Gy的X射线照射。各组分别在辐射后的1 d、3 d、7 d留取血浆和组织,并检测血浆及肝组织中的抗氧化酶活性及肝组织中活性氧自由基(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)含量。实验结果表明,藻蓝蛋白显著提高了辐射后小鼠血浆中和肝脏中抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GSH-PX)的活性(p0.05),降低了丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量(p0.05),减少肝组织中ROS的含量(p0.05)。结果表明,藻蓝蛋白可提高小鼠抗氧化能力,减轻辐射对机体造成的氧化损伤,对小鼠辐射损伤有较好的防护作用。     

草本组方对γ射线全身照射小鼠的保护作用

观察天然草本当归、白芍、肉苁蓉、槐米、黄芪等提取物的混合物（简称草本组方）对γ射线全身照射小鼠的防护及修复作用。将56只成年C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组：辐射空白组（Blank）、对照组（Hemo-1#，韩国Hemo Him产品）和两组不同配方给药组（Exp-2#、Exp-3#），每组雌雄性小鼠各7只。给药3 d后，小鼠全身60Co γ射线一次性照射4 Gy，照射后继续连续灌胃21 d，比较小鼠体重及外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板、淋巴细胞计数等指标变化。结果显示：给药喂养的小鼠（Hemo-1#、Exp-2#、Exp-3#），照射后第1天白细胞和淋巴细胞计数较空白组小鼠下降幅度降低；照射后第7天，小鼠的白细胞、红细胞、血小板、淋巴细胞均缓慢恢复。这表明草本组方能促进照射后小鼠造血功能的修复，推测其保护作用机制与各提取物增强免疫和抗氧化功能有关。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.