一种新的自适应步长盲源分离算法

自然梯度盲源分离算法通常采用固定步长,但这样做会造成算法收敛速度慢和跟踪能力差.为此,提出了一种新的自然梯度自适应步长盲源分离算法,使步长在每次迭代中根据其他参数的变化做出相应的调整.在非稳态环境下,计算机仿真试验结果表明,新算法不仅具有良好盲分离性能,而且在上述两个方面都有了较大改善.     

改进的变步长维纳系统盲源分离方法

基于非线性盲源分离的维纳系统算法中,采用固定步长导致算法的收敛速度和稳态误差之间存在矛盾,直接影响分离算法的性能。为了解决该问题,提出了基于非线性函数的变步长维纳系统盲源分离方法。该方法将更新的步长以非线性函数的形式引入到分离算法中,使得稳态时参数更新的步长尽可能小,以避免发生振荡。变步长算法在分离过程中的每次更新都会使步长自动进行合理的调整,使得收敛速度提高了53%,误差减小了45%。实验仿真表明,相对原算法,提出的维纳系统盲源分离方法可以更好地分离出信源信号,而且具有较小的误差和较快的收敛速度。     

改进的自然梯度盲源分离算法在非平稳环境中的应用

对于传统的自然梯度算法,在处理非平稳信号时,在步长更新迭代过程中,非平稳信号变化幅度过快而导致分离矩阵幅度变化的不稳定,从而影响分离效果。针对此问题,结合变步长的思想,本文提出了基于正交约束的自然梯度盲分离算法,该算法主要对恢复信号进行约束,通过使用瞬时误差有目的地控制变步长,从而加快算法收敛速度且提高了分离精度,同时保证了非平稳环境下分离过程的稳定性。结果表明,正交约束下的盲源分离算法可以高效地分离出非平稳环境下的源信号。     

基于萤火虫算法的变步长语音信号盲源分离

针对传统的自然梯度算法对语音信号进行盲源分离时,算法存在收敛速度和稳态误差的矛盾。文中提出一种新的变步长自然梯度算法,利用荧火虫算法对自然梯度算法的步长调整,使算法的步长随信号的分离度变化,并通过计算机仿真验证了该算法的有效性,算法的分离效果更好,收敛速度更快,且稳态误差更小。     

自适应变步长正交约束盲源分离算法

将盲源分离算法通常应用到的白化预处理方法转化为权值正交约束条件下的分离算法,使得分离算法由无约束算法转变为有约束算法,消除了在估计白化矩阵时引入的误差和分离输出存在的尺度不确定性。因为算法的收敛速度和稳态误差是一对矛盾,所以结合变步长思想,提出了一种新的自适应变步长的权值正交约束盲源分离算法。该算法步长是基于分离状态的,其学习速率由信号的分离程度自适应地选取,因而能很好地解决收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾。仿真实验表明,该算法比非约束算法,固定步长的权值正交约束的盲源分离算法具有更好的分离性能。     

结合辅助分离系统的变步长盲源分离算法

 针对盲源分离算法中步长因子的自适应选取问题,本文基于分离性能指标与步长因子的对应关系,提出了一种新的变步长盲源分离算法.该算法通过结合一个受限的辅助分离系统,重新构造系统分离性能指标,并根据该指标参数呈指数趋势下降的变化规律来获取步长因子的自适应更新.平稳和非平稳环境下的仿真实验表明:相对于固定步长和新近的自适应变步长算法,本文提出的算法拥有更快的收敛速度和更小的稳态误差.     

自适应变步长的动量项盲源分离方法

针对传统盲源分离算法采用单一步长而无法同时兼顾收敛速度与稳态性以及动量因子选取的问题,介绍了一种盲源分离优化方法。该方法依据自然梯度算法(Natural Gradient Algorithm,NGA)的收敛条件,通过输出信号建立一种新的表示信号分离程度的度量指标,通过此度量指标构造非线性单调函数,使步长与动量因子参数自适应调节,从而可以合理、准确地选择参数。仿真表明了在平稳和非平稳环境下所提分离指标的正确性,且该指标可有效监测信号分离程度;针对步长及动量因子参数选取所设计的优化策略能够有效地缓解固定值对算法性能的约束,在有无噪声的情况下,均获得了优良的分离效果。     

基于遗传算法的超亚高斯混合信号盲分离

针对基于扩展信息最大化算法的盲源分离算法在分离超亚高斯混合信号时依赖于信号的峭度估计且对初始分离矩阵和步长较为敏感的问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的盲源分离算法。该算法以分离信号之间的互信息作为代价函数,采用非多项式函数的逼近方法解决了互信息求解过程中涉及到的负熵的计算问题,用遗传算法代替梯度寻优算法最小化代价函数。仿真结果表明:在分离超亚高斯混合信号时,该算法计算简单,鲁棒性好,迭代100次时性能指数值达到0.025 5,分离性能优于基于扩展信息最大化算法的盲源分离算法。     

基于改进人工蜂群算法的盲源分离方法

 针对现有盲源分离方法大多存在收敛速度慢、分离精度低的问题,提出一种基于改进人工蜂群(Artificial Bee Colony,ABC)算法的盲信号分离方法.在ABC的邻域搜索公式中自适应调整步长,并加入全局最优解指导项,增强局部趋化性搜索能力.改进的ABC算法保持了ABC全局搜索和局部搜索之间的平衡,使ABC算法可以达到更好的寻优效果,从而提高盲源分离算法的分离精度和稳定性.实验结果表明,提出的改进盲源分离算法可以有效地分离线性瞬时混合信号.与其它算法相比,该算法具有更优异的分离性能,并具有更快的收敛速度.     

一种引入自适应动量项的变步长混沌信号盲分离算法

该文针对混沌信号盲分离问题,提出一种改进盲分离算法。该算法利用信号分离评价指标来构造函数实现步长和动量因子的自适应调整,然后将构造函数代入盲分离算法中并引入自适应动量项。区别于大多数算法不对混合矩阵进行估计的问题,该算法用变步长函数迭代估计出混合矩阵,从而得到全局矩阵和估计评价指标,以此迭代更新步长和动量因子,最终得出分离矩阵。仿真表明,该算法依据估计评价指标构造函数调整步长和动量因子方法是有效的,在平稳和非平稳环境下对混合混沌信号分离时都能达到收敛速度快且稳态误差小的效果;在混入色噪声时,比传统算法抗噪性能好,表明该文算法在混沌信号盲分离处理中有一定应用价值。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.