Pavement performance evaluation of recycled styrene–butadiene–styrene-modified asphalt mixture

More and more styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt waste materials are being discarded with the increase in road service life. The recycling of these waste pavement materials can reduce environmental pollution and help save resources. However, the low-temperature performance and the fatigue resistance of recycled asphalt mixture are significantly affected by the addition of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). In order to evaluate the low-temperature performance and the fatigue resistance of recycled SBS-modified asphalt mixture, three points bending test, Fénix test and Ensayo de BArrido de DEformaciones test were conducted. Additionally, the differences of recycling between SBS-modified RAP with different ageing conditions and ordinary unmodified RAP were compared. The results showed that fatigue resistance of modified recycling of asphalt mixture with different RAPs did not vary much under low temperature (?5 °C) while displaying an obvious difference under higher temperature. SBS-modified RAP under light ageing condition was suitable for modified recycling. However, the SBS-modified asphalt from RAP under serious ageing condition would lose modification effect resulting in a great reduction of the low-temperature crack resistance and the fatigue resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the ageing degree of RAP before recycling SBS-modified asphalt mixture. The SBS-modified RAP under serious ageing condition (SM-RAP) is not recommended for directly modified recycling. But considering for further utilisation, the SM-RAP used for unmodified recycling as ordinary unmodified RAP can be regarded as a good choice and the RAP content should be restricted to less than 30%.     

复合多聚磷酸改性沥青混合料疲劳性能

采用四点小梁弯曲疲劳试验方法,考虑不同试验温度和不同应变水平等因素的影响,研究多聚磷酸（PPA）-苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）复合改性沥青混合料疲劳性能的变化规律,并与SBS改性沥青混合料进行对比。结果表明：相同条件下,PPA-SBS改性沥青混合料比SBS改性沥青混合料残留劲度模量比大,损伤因子小,稳定阶段耗散能变化率的平均值小,疲劳损伤演变小,抗疲劳性能好;同一温度下,应变水平越大,残留劲度模量比越小,损伤因子越大,耗散能变化率维持稳定阶段的平均值越大,疲劳损伤演变越剧烈,抗疲劳性能越差;同一应变水平下,15℃时沥青混合料试件的抗疲劳性能优于10℃时。     

苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物与废橡胶粉复合改性高黏沥青及混合料性能研究

为了评价高黏改性剂对沥青性能的影响,采用高速剪切法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青、废橡胶粉改性沥青和两种SBS/橡胶粉复合改性高黏沥青。通过三大指标试验、黏度试验、高温车辙试验和低温小梁弯曲试验,研究了高黏沥青的高低温性能、感温性能及沥青混合料路用性能。结果表明:4种改性沥青的高低温性能随各自改性剂掺量的增加逐渐提高,掺加10%北美岩沥青或2.5%多聚磷酸(PPA)的高黏沥青感温性能更稳定,较大幅度提升了黏度值,高温性能改善明显;掺加2.5%PPA的高黏沥青及其混合料能够更好地抵抗高温条件下的性能衰减,保证了使用效果,更适用于温度较高地区;掺加10%北美岩沥青的高黏沥青及其混合料在低温条件下性能良好,推荐在低温地区使用。     

The effect of basalt fibres on fracture toughness of asphalt mixture

This paper deals with the effect of basalt fibres on fracture toughness of asphalt mixture. For this purpose, basalt fibres with three different contents (i.e., 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight of asphalt mixture) and lengths (ie, 4, 8, and 12 mm) are incorporated into asphalt mixture to prepare fibre‐reinforced asphalt mixtures. Fracture tests are then carried out on these mixtures under four different modes of loading (i.e., pure mode I, pure mode II, and two mixed modes of I/II) using semicircular bend (SCB) specimens. The results exhibit that the fracture toughness increases with the enhancement of the fibre content. In addition, increase in the length of basalt fibre results in reduction of the fracture toughness of asphalt mixture. However, the asphalt mixture containing 0.3% of basalt fibres with the length of 4 mm shows the highest fracture toughness compared with other mixtures. It is also found that the basalt fibre improves mode I fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures more significantly than mode II one. Statistical analysis is also performed on the experimental data. Analysis of ANOVA demonstrates that all the three factors investigated in this study (i.e., length of basalt fibre, content of basalt fibre, and mode of loading) have significant influence on the fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures.     

考虑老化的温拌沥青混合料低温性能

为明确温拌沥青混合料中温拌剂和热老化对混合料低温性能的影响,对原样、短期老化、长期老化的沥青混合料,利用UTM-100进行了0℃、-10℃和-20℃下的小梁弯曲试验和小梁弯曲蠕变试验。研究结果表明：可用蠕变试验数据拟合出伯格斯模型参数,计算出温度应变能密度,进而由弯曲和蠕变试验结果预估出温拌沥青混合料的开裂温度,作为评价温拌沥青混合料低温性能的一个综合指标;可以用延时拌和法表征沥青混合料在短期老化过程中达到平均老化程度的热老化方法;沥青混合料在不同温度、不同老化程度下低温性能发生变化是由于拟合参数发生了变化;温拌剂在一定程度下增加了沥青混合料的抗短期老化性能;发现加入有机降黏型RH温拌剂会降低沥青混合料的低温性能,而益路温拌剂对沥青混合料的低温性能有利,故在寒冷地区推荐使用益路温拌剂。     

胶粉改性沥青混合料弯曲蠕变试验研究

胶粉改性沥青混合料是一种典型的粘弹性材料,具有很好的抗高温和抗低温开裂性能.由于利用了废旧橡胶轮胎对于减少黑色污染,发展循环经济和保护环境,具有重要意义.通过配合比相同的胶粉改性沥青和SBS改性沥青混合料的弯曲蠕变对比试验,研究了在-15℃、0℃、15℃、30℃和45℃下两种沥青混合料粘弹特性.得出胶粉改性沥青和SBS...     

The use of natural rubber latex as a renewable and sustainable modifier of asphalt binder

Natural rubber (NR) powder as a bio-modifier of asphalt binder has been shown to have some beneficial effects. However, there is limited research into the use of the liquid form of NR, i.e. concentrated NR latex, as an asphalt binder modifier. Compared to NR powder, NR latex is cheaper and more accessible in some countries, and potentially creates viscosity-reducing foams in the modified binder during mixture production. In this research, asphalt binders modified with different amount of NR latex were systematically studied, including the rotational viscosities, rutting resistance, fatigue resistance, low-temperature behaviour and temperature sensitivity. The dispersion of the NR latex in the modified binders was examined using fluorescence microscope and atomic force microscope. Test results indicate that the addition of NR latex increases the viscosity and elastic recovery of the modified binders and potentially enhances asphalt pavements’ resistance to rutting, thermal cracking and fatigue damage. The NR latex also reduces the temperature sensitivity of the modified binders. The optimum NR latex content was found to be 7% of the total mass of the modified binder. A network of extensive microstructures mixed with bubbles was identified in the modified binders under heat. As a renewable and sustainable material, NR latex has the potential to be used as an effective asphalt modifier.     

新型硅藻土改性剂对沥青混合料路用性能的影响

本文研究了复合型硅藻土改性剂的特点及其改性沥青混合料的路用性能,并从各项技术性能上进行了分析研究,结果发现该复合型硅藻土改性剂对沥青混合料的高温稳定性、疲劳耐久性与水稳定性均有不同程度的改善,结果表明复合型硅藻土改性沥青混合料有着较好的应用发展前景.     

粉煤灰／海泡石纤维复合沥青混合料的制备与性能研究

从海泡石纤维和粉煤灰纤维的微观结构特性出发，进行粉煤灰，海泡石复合纤维增强沥青复合材料的制备。通过路用性能试验，研究了海泡石纤维和粉煤灰纤维对沥青混合料性能的影响以及结合机理。结果表明，添加适量海泡石和粉煤灰纤维可以制备性能优良的纤维复合沥青混合料。海泡石纤维对沥青表现极强吸持能力，有效调节沥青与胶浆的含量。粉煤灰纤维在沥青中主要起加固和改善混合料的作用。两种纤维的添加，使沥青混合料的高温变形性、水稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗疲劳性等显著提高。     

Performance of porous asphalt mixture with various additives

The objective of this study is to evaluate the approaches to improve the durability and strength of the porous asphalt through laboratory testing. Porous asphalt specimens were prepared using three types of binders: high-viscosity binder (HVB), PG76-22 and PG70-22. Various additives: fibre, hydrated lime and DBS polymer, were utilised in the porous asphalt. Comprehensive laboratory tests, including strength test, binder draindown test, Cantabro abrasion test, moisture susceptibility test, rutting test, thermal stress restrained sample test, and permeability test, were conducted. It is found that HVB significantly improved the overall performance of the porous asphalt; DBS additive improved its high-temperature performance, but lowered the cracking resistance at low temperature as well as the durability; fibre enhanced its durability and anti-cracking performance at low temperature; hydrated lime improved its moisture stability while weakening its durability. It is concluded that HVB and polyester fibre should be used in all porous asphalt; DBS additive is good for porous asphalt in high-temperature areas, and hydrated lime can be added to porous asphalt in rainy areas.     

反应性弹性体三元共聚物改性沥青及其混合料性能与机制

采用黏度试验和动态剪切流变试验研究了反应性弹性体三元共聚物（RET）对基质沥青与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青性能的影响,通过原子力显微镜（AFM）分析了SBS改性沥青和RET-SBS改性沥青的表面形貌特征,并采用车辙试验、低温弯曲试验、弯曲疲劳试验及加速加载试验评价了RET改性沥青混合料的各项技术性能,最后通过Weibull分布,分析了不同RET改性沥青混合料在不同失效概率下的疲劳性能。结果表明：RET的掺入提高了沥青的黏度和抗车辙因子,对沥青的高温性能有较大改善;通过掺入RET-SBS,增加了改性沥青中的黏性成分;相较于SBS改性沥青,RET-SBS改性沥青的表面粗糙度显著增大;RET改性剂能够明显改善沥青混合料的高温稳定性;RET与SBS改性剂复配,可有效弥补RET对沥青混合料低温性能的不足,明显改善沥青混合料的疲劳性能和高温长期稳定性。     

Reconsideration of the fatigue tests for asphalt mixtures and binders containing high percentage RAP

When applying reclaimed asphalt technology in a flexible pavement project, most performance concerns are related to low temperature and fatigue cracking since the stiffness of the HMA mixture could dramatically increase through adding a high percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material. The purpose of this study is to evaluate asphalt mixtures with high RAP contents, prepared using two RAP addition methods, for their performance based on fatigue-cracking resistance rather than relying on volumetric properties. Asphalt mixture samples were prepared with three RAP binder content replacement percentages (30, 40 and 50%) using two preparation methods: the as-is RAP gradation (traditional method) and the splitting of the RAP gradation into coarse and fine fractions (fractionated method). Asphalt mixture beam fatigue and binder fatigue time-sweep tests were performed. Beam fatigue samples also underwent freeze–thaw cycling for freeze–thaw damage evaluation. Rather than basing the performance based solely on S–N_f curves to illustrate the fatigue performance, the beam fatigue test data was analysed through a dissipated energy approach. Faster fatigue degradation was observed for the 40% RAP binder and beam mixture when subjected to repeated loading. From a morphology aspect, this can be explained by the binder’s phase separation and physical hardening effects.     

老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响

为了研究老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响,通过沥青常规指标测试试验、动态剪切流变（DSR）试验和AFM测试试验,从宏细观角度分析了老化前后苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度和软化点及疲劳性能、微观结构的变化情况。结果表明：随着老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的稠度、硬度增加,高温性能得到改善,而温度敏感性变低,低温抗裂性能变差。综合分析针入度比、延度比和软化点比得出胶粉改性沥青的抗老化性能优于SBS改性沥青;随温度的降低、频率的增大和老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的抗疲劳性能变差;微观结构观测结果显示,SBS改性沥青具有"蜂型结构",老化后"蜂型结构"的体积增大、高度增加、数量减少;胶粉改性沥青没有"蜂型结构",胶粉颗粒与沥青在共混共融过程中发生溶胀、脱硫和降解等行为会影响沥青中"蜂型结构"的形成;老化前后胶粉改性沥青表面形貌粗糙度和高度变化不大;胶粉改性沥青的抗疲劳、抗老化和高温性能总体优于SBS改性沥青。     

基于DMA方法的玻璃态转变温度与沥青混合料低温性能研究

为进一步探究沥青与沥青混合料玻璃态转变温度与沥青混合料低温性能的相关性,以交通运输部公路科学研究院足尺环道(RIOHTrack)为依托,采用动态力学分析仪在弯拉受力模式下用沥青和沥青混合料试件进行温度扫描试验,通过函数拟合确定材料的玻璃态转变温度,进而比较不同定义方式下材料的玻璃态转变温度的变化趋势,探究沥青与沥青混合料相态转变温度的相关性。最后通过与低温弯曲小梁试验的实验结果的相关性和灰关联度分析,讨论利用沥青与沥青混合料的玻璃态转变温度评价沥青混合料低温性能的可行性。结果表明:(1)对于同一种材料,不同的玻璃态转变温度定义下获得的玻璃态转变温度之间存在良好的相关性;(2)在相同级配和相同试验条件下,沥青是影响沥青混合料玻璃态转变温度的主要因素;(3)在弯拉受力模式下沥青与沥青混合料的玻璃态转变温度与材料的低温性能相关性良好,但通过灰关联度分析发现采用沥青混合料的玻璃态转变温度评价混合料的低温性能更加合理。     

Experimental assessment of flue gas desulfurization residues and basic oxygen furnace slag on fatigue and moisture resistance of HMA

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residues both are industrial wastes. Research on using BOF slag as a novel aggregate and FGD residues as a filler in road construction has benefits both in environment and economics. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of FGD residues and BOF slag on the fatigue performance and moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fatigue performance of asphalt mixture was conducted by means of indirect tensile fatigue test. Stress loading control mode, with four stress levels (300, 400, 500 and 600 kPa), was used in this research. Statistic t‐test was adopted, and it had approved the positive effect of BOF slag and FGD residues on the fatigue lives of asphalt mixture. Moisture resistance of asphalt mixture was investigated by retained Marshall stability test and tensile strength ratio test. Research results indicate that BOF slag and FGD residues can improve the fatigue and moisture resistance, when the BOF slag and FGD residues based asphalt mixture was designed properly.     

Effects of recycled asphalt pavements on the fatigue life of asphalt under different strain levels and loading frequencies

Fatigue lives of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and binder have been studied separately for a long time. However, fatigue lives of HMA containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and the binder extracted from the same HMA containing RAP have not been studied yet. This study examines the effects of RAP, loading frequency and strain level on the fatigue lives of asphalt mixtures and binders. In addition, the relationship between the fatigue lives of asphalt mixture and binder is determined. Beam fatigue tests were conducted to determine the fatigue behaviors of two asphalt mixtures: one with 35% RAP and the other without RAP. To evaluate binder’s fatigue behavior, binders were extracted and recovered from these two mixtures. Then, fatigue lives of these two binders were determined using time sweep and Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) tests. Results show that presence of RAP in mixture causes a decrease in the mixture’s fatigue life, whereas it causes an increase in the fatigue life of binder. As expected, an increase in loading frequency results in an increase in the fatigue lives of asphalt mixture as well as binder. In addition, increase in strain level causes a decrease in the fatigue lives of both mixtures and binders. Fatigue lives of binders from time sweep and LAS tests show a good correlation with the mixture’s fatigue life by the beam fatigue test.     

Impact of nanosized additives on the fatigue damage behaviour of asphalt mixtures

The study presented in this paper aimed at evaluating the impact of different nanosized additives, including an organophilic nanoclay and multiwall carbon nanotubes, on the fatigue properties of dense‐graded asphalt mixtures. Cyclic direct tension fatigue tests were carried out, and the corresponding results were interpreted by means of a simplified version of the visco‐elastic continuum damage model. The experimental investigation also included linear viscoelastic characterization of the considered materials. Results derived from tests carried out on the mixtures containing nanosized additives were compared with those obtained for a reference standard mixture. It was found that the use of the abovementioned additives can give a substantial contribution to the enhancement of the fatigue damage resistance of asphalt mixtures. Moreover, when comparing the two types of additives, it was observed that organophilic nanoclays can outperform multiwall carbon nanotubes.     

生物粘合剂在废旧沥青材料再生应用中的研究进展

为充分利用道路行业以及建筑行业每年产生的大量废旧沥青材料,改善传统路面再生技术对旧料利用率低且对环境造成的不良影响,介绍了一种将生物粘合剂用于废旧沥青材料再生的方法。重点阐述了由猪粪热解得到的生物粘合剂对回收的废旧沥青材料和回收沥青瓦的改性再生方法,以及再生后材料的路用性能,指出存在的问题和未来进一步研究建议。现有研究表明,生物粘合剂加入到废旧沥青材料中能有效降低其粘度,改善其和易性,显著提高废旧沥青材料含量大的混合料的低温抗裂性和抵抗疲劳开裂性能,且其水稳定性和抗车辙性能均能满足规范要求,相比传统沥青路面旧料的再生利用方法具备优良的环境、经济和实施效益。将生物粘合剂用于废旧沥青材料再生行业具有广阔的发展前景,可以为在我国铺面工程中的研究应用提供参考。     

考虑加载速度影响的沥青混合料疲劳方程

为了建立沥青混合料强度与疲劳行为之间的联系,通过不同加载速率下的沥青混合料直接拉伸强度试验,揭示了强度随加载速率的幂函数变化规律;基于不同加载速率下的强度值,得到了与疲劳加载速率对应的沥青混合料疲劳真实应力比;通过疲劳试验,创建了基于名义应力比和真实应力比的沥青混合料疲劳方程,基于名义应力比的疲劳方程后延后与横坐标的交点远比1 大,不具有后延性,而基于真实应力比的疲劳方程可以后延到疲劳寿命为1 的强度破坏点,统一了强度破坏与疲劳破坏行为;据此推导了沥青路面抗拉强度结构系数计算新方法;研究结果可为我国公路沥青路面设计规范的修订提供理论依据.     

Performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt containing reclaimed asphalt mixtures

The objective of this study is to expose the effect of a variety of variables including three reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents, two warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives and a rejuvenating agent (or lack of) on the performance of WMA containing (WMA–RAP) materials. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the performance of WMA–RAP mixtures through rutting, bending and freeze-thaw splitting tests. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to analyse the significant effect of the variables on the performance. The tests results showed that the increased RAP content led to an increased rutting resistance and the decreased resistance to low-temperature cracking and moisture damage. The addition of the rejuvenating agent into the WMA–RAP mixtures can significantly improve the low-temperature cracking and moisture resistance. The ANOVA results showed that the RAP content had a significant effect on the rutting and low-temperature cracking resistance, and moreover, the rejuvenating agent (or lack of) had a large effect on the low-temperature cracking and moisture resistance.