调质时间对中筋小麦品质特性的影响

选择5种中筋小麦,固定润麦温度与加水量,改变润麦时间,探讨不同润麦时间对小麦粉品质特性的影响。结果表明:不同中筋小麦有不同的最佳润麦时间。在一定时间范围内延长润麦时间能增加面粉出率,降低面粉灰分;大部分中筋小麦的润麦时间仍需18h以上;不同品种中筋小麦在调质时仍应设置不同调质参数。     

调质时间对中筋小麦品质特性的影响

选择5种中筋小麦,固定润麦温度与加水量,改变润麦时间,探讨不同润麦时间对小麦粉品质特性的影响.结果表明:不同中筋小麦有不同的最佳润麦时间.在一定时间范围内延长润麦时间能增加面粉出率,降低面粉灰分;大部分中筋小麦的润麦时间仍需18 h以上;不同品种中筋小麦在调质时仍应设置不同调质参数.     

国产小麦与多品种面粉开发

国产小麦连年增产品质改善，使我国面粉工业完全依靠国产小麦，开发不同品种的面粉满足市场需要。修订后的国家标准《小麦粉》GB1355（送审稿）将小麦粉分为4大类别，涵盖了数十种不同用途的小麦粉品种。占我国面粉市场份额最大的蒸煮类等主食品所需各种中筋面粉的基本质量要求，为利用国产小麦开发多品种面粉提供参考。     

不同储藏方式对小麦粉水分、脂肪酸值和白度的影响

研究了在25℃条件下,不同储藏方式对小麦粉水分、脂肪酸值和白度的影响.结果表明:不同储藏方式对小麦粉水分均有一定影响,低温冷冻储藏的小麦粉水分随着储藏时间延长而逐渐升高;在其他储藏方式下,小麦粉水分随着储藏时间的延长均有一定程度的下降.在不同储藏方式下,随着储藏时间的延长,小麦粉脂肪酸值均呈上升趋势.添加脱氧剂的气调包装可以加速小麦粉白度的变化,其他储藏方法对小麦粉白度的影响不显著.     

黑小麦面片加工过程中色泽变化研究

研究不同品种黑小麦在加工和储藏过程中色泽变化及PPO活性,并对黑小麦面粉色泽及其面片色泽进行相关分析。结果表明,黑小麦面粉白度较低,色泽偏绿、偏黄,但达到原粮食部对小麦粉白度等级标准一级要求;黑小麦面粉加工成不同种类面片后,L*值明显降低,a*值、b*值均升高,符合中国黄碱面条要求,其中鲜面片色素含量和PPO活性最高,是影响鲜面片色泽关键。相关分析表明,黑小麦面粉L*值与鲜面片及蒸煮后冷冻面片和干面片L*值呈显著或极显著正相关关系;黑小麦面粉PPO活性与面粉、鲜面片、干面片、冷冻面片及其蒸煮后L*值均呈极显著负相关关系,且面片中PPO活性与其色素含量呈显著正相关;而黑小麦色素与面片色泽没表现出很强相关关系。     

不同品种小麦粉黏度特性及破损淀粉含量的差异

以不同专用小麦以及直链淀粉含量极低的糯小麦为试验材料,研究不同品种之间小麦粉黏度特性和破损淀粉含量的差异及其相关性。结果表明,不同专用小麦之间,RVA图谱存在明显差异,糯小麦RVA图谱形状显著不同于非糯小麦。各专用品种小麦粉RVA谱线特征值中,小麦粉峰值黏度、稀懈值大小表现为弱筋小麦>中筋小麦>强筋小麦>糯小麦。破损淀粉含量在不同专用小麦品种之间大小顺序表现为:强筋小麦>中筋小麦>弱筋小麦>糯小麦。相关分析表明,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、反弹值以及峰值时间均与直链淀粉含量、直/支比例以及破损淀粉含量呈极显著正相关。     

不同储藏条件对小麦流变学特性的影响

为了解小麦籽粒在不同储藏条件下的品质变化,探索实验室小量样品的最适储藏条件, 本研究以强筋、中筋和弱筋小麦的籽粒和面粉为研究材料,对其在不同梯度温度（?20、4、35 ℃）和不同储藏时间（20、40、60 d）条件下的品质指标进行分析。结果表明:不同储藏条件对不同类型小麦的湿面筋含量、吸水量和弱化度的影响较小,均在允差内。以籽粒方式储藏时,强筋小麦在不同温度条件下各品质参数基本上都在允差范围内,但随着储藏时间的延长（60 d）,形成时间和拉伸面积超差。中筋小麦在不同温度条件下,湿面筋含量和粉质参数基本上都在允差内,但是对拉伸参数（拉伸面积、拉伸阻力和最大拉伸阻力）影响较大;尤其是当储藏条件为?20和35 ℃的情况下,除延伸性外,拉伸面积、拉伸阻力和最大拉伸阻力均有不同程度的超差。弱筋小麦在不同温度条件下湿面筋含量和拉伸各参数均在允差内,但对粉质参数（稳定时间和弱化度）影响较大,尤其是稳定时间。值得注意的是,弱筋小麦随着储藏时间的延长,粉质各参数测定值越接近对照,在允差范围内。另外,不同类型的小麦在4 ℃条件下以面粉方式储藏时,强筋和中筋小麦的湿面筋含量、流变学粉质参数和拉伸参数均在允差值内。因此,本研究认为4 ℃,≤60 d比较适宜小麦籽粒和面粉的储藏。     

两种不同粒质小麦粉路系统面粉品质特性研究

通过对软质小麦和硬质小麦两种不同粒质粉路系统面粉品质测定、比较与分析表明:硬质小麦粉路系统面粉品质除白度指标外,总体上优于软质小麦粉路系统;两种不同粒质粉路系统面粉的水分、白度、湿面筋含量、吸水率指标变化规律基本一致;软质小麦粉路系统面粉品质指标之间关联性强于硬质小麦粉路系统面粉。     

两种不同粒质小麦粉路系统面粉品质特性的研究

通过对软质小麦和硬质小麦两种不同粒质的粉路系统面粉品质的测定、比较与分析表明:硬质小麦粉路系统面粉品质除了白度指标以外总体上优于软质小麦粉路系统;两种不同粒质的粉路系统面粉的水分、白度、湿面筋含量、吸水率指标的变化规律基本一致;软质小麦粉路系统面粉品质指标之间的关联性强于硬质小麦粉路系统面粉.     

小麦白度检验的研究

<正>小麦白度,即将小麦制成一定粗细度的小麦粉,用小麦粉的白度或粉色来表示小麦的洁白程度。随着面粉市场竞争日趋激烈,制粉企业越来越重视面粉的白度指标,而面粉的白度与小麦的洁白程度有着十分密切的关系。目前,国家尚没有检验小麦白度的标准方法,许多制粉企业也仅凭小麦籽粒的色泽来确定小麦的白度情况,以此指导生产搭配,这往往造成生产的面粉白度与标准粉样的白度之间有一定的     

在线粉流中小麦多酚氧化酶活性分析

通过对在线粉流中小麦多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的测定分析,得到PPO活性与小麦粉主要理化指标的关系:PPO活性与小麦粉白度成极显著负相关性,与灰分含量成极显著正相关性;前路粉流PPO活性比后路粉流低;物料含皮较多的在线粉流PPO活性高;物料来源于小麦胚乳外层的粉流PPO活性高。     

小麦蛋白质亚基对RIL群体小麦粉色泽的影响

小麦粉色泽是小麦磨粉品质的主要指标。利用小麦RIL群体进行了小麦粉白度、亮度指标的变异分析及高分子质量谷蛋白亚基和Wx蛋白亚基对其的影响。结果表明,群体中白度平均值为79.20,变幅为71.00～84.30,b*值平均值为7.38,变幅为5.31～9.95,小麦粉蛋白含量平均值为12.41%,变幅为8.81%～16.50%。白度和L*值呈极显著正相关,与b*值呈极显著负相关,L*值和b*值呈极显著负相关,白度和蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关;当Glu-A1位点为1时比null利于提高RIL群体白度、籽粒蛋白含量和小麦粉蛋白含量;单个Wx亚基位点缺失时,Wx-B1亚基位点缺失比Wx-A1和Wx-D1缺失时利于提高RIL群体籽粒蛋白含量和小麦粉蛋白含量;而Wx-B1、Wx-A1亚基位点同时缺失能使籽粒蛋白含量上升、小麦粉蛋白含量下降,当三个亚基位点全缺失时能使色泽指标a*值降低。     

OPTIMIZATION OF GLUTEN PEAK TESTER: A STATISTICAL APPROACH

ABSTRACT

Response surface methodology was applied to develop a standard method for gluten peak tester. Four variables – flour weight, temperature, solvent and rpm – were varied as per the center composite design, and the responses – torque and peak maximum time – were analyzed. Flour–solvent interaction was observed to be the most significant factor impacting the peak torque for whole meal and hard wheat flours while flour (g) and rpm were the most significant for soft wheat flour and insignificant for whole meal flour. The setting 8.5 g flour, 9.5 g solvent (0.5 M CaCl₂), 34C temperature and 1,900 rpm was obtained as the standard setting applicable to whole meal as well as refined flours from soft and hard wheats.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Gluten quality is an important criterion to predict flour performance in cereal processing industry. The gluten peak tester has been recently introduced as a sensitive and rapid way of testing wheat gluten quality. The current research was designed to optimize the gluten peak tester to work with wheat varieties with a wide range of protein contents so as to lay a baseline for method development to assess gluten quality of different wheat varieties/lines within a short time span with minimum sample requirements which is very critical for the breeding industry.     

安徽省33个小麦品种烘焙品质研究

为给安徽省种植小麦品种的品质利用提供参考,以2016年安徽省小麦产业体系收获的33个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,检测其籽粒品质、面团特性、面包烘焙品质、面粉白度、脂肪氧化酶(LOX)活性和类胡萝卜素含量等。结果表明,33个供试品种(系)间的籽粒品质、烘焙品质、白度、LOX活性等品质性状品种间差异均达极显著;面包表皮质地和形状与LOX活性及b值呈显著正相关;面包芯色泽与面团的稳定时间呈极显著正相关,与弱化度呈显著负相关;平滑度与a值、b值和LOX活性呈显著正相关,与L值及白度呈极显著负相关;纹理结构与b值呈显著正相关;面包总分与面团稳定时间呈显著正相关。本研究在安徽省种植小麦品种中筛选出扬麦23、涡麦182、周麦28、安科157和宿4095等面包评分较高的小麦品种。讨论了安徽种植小麦品种的品质性状及其利用等问题。     

Suitability of various australian wheats for chinese-style steamed bread

Three methods of preparation of steamed bread on a laboratory scale were evaluated to determine the one most suitable for discriminating between flour samples. The preferred method was then applied to a number of wheat varieties at different protein levels to select the most suitable ones for this product, and to determine the key analytical parameters of the most suitable flour. Flour colour and protein content appeared to be more important than other physical and chemical properties. Flour samples with high protein content (greater than 12%) and strong doughs gave bread with a wrinkled surface and dark colour, whereas low protein (less than 10%) soft wheat flours gave poor texture and eating quality, although the surface was smooth. It is suggested that flours of medium protein content (10–12%) and medium dough strength are the most suitable for steamed bread. Processing conditions affected steamed bread quality. Blending of high protein hard strong wheats with soft weak wheat could be practical for preparing flour for steamed bread.     

不同基因型和环境影响小麦主要品质的研究

选用参加山东省2005~2006年小麦高肥组区域试验的11个小麦品种(系),研究了不同品种(系)的硬度、容重、粗脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、沉淀值、湿面筋含量、粗淀粉含量、黏度、稳定时间、W值、P/L值和小麦粉白度等小麦主要品质性状在9个地区不同生态环境条件下的遗传变异。结果表明,所有性状均受基因型、环境及其互作的影响,且影响排序为基因型(环境(两者互作(除容重外);所有品种的绝大多数性状表现出显著的差异(P0.05);所有地区的绝大多数性状表现出显著的差异(P0.05);不同品种在不同地区的稳定性不同,DH5197的稳定性较好、泰山098的稳定性较差。     

鲜切面条色泽影响因素的研究

本文筛选25个面粉色泽差别较大的小麦品种(系)，研究了鲜切面条的色泽及其稳定性的影响因素。结果表明：理想的鲜切面色泽要求面粉白度高、光泽度好(高的L^*值)、蛋白质和灰分含量低、支链淀粉含量高，或面粉黄度高(高的b*值)；要提高鲜切面色泽的稳定性，应注意选择多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性低的品种，并采取适宜的加工工艺，如温度、水分适宜，使用添加剂等，以降低酶促褐变对鲜切面品质的影响。     

Effects of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Protein on the Pasting Properties of Different Types of Wheat Flour

Abstract: As one of the most effective methods to modify proteins, enzymatic hydrolysis is used widely in the preparation of wheat products in the food industry. During the same process, starch pasting occurs frequently. The effects of wheat protein hydrolysis with papain, pepsin, and trypsin on the pasting properties of 3 different kinds of flour were investigated in 5 concentrations. Results showed that the peak viscosity, trough, final, and integral area of pasting curve of these flours decreased with increasing enzymatic hydrolysis of protein, and decreased significantly with the increasing enzyme concentrations. Medium‐gluten flour was the least sensitive to enzymatic activity and weak‐gluten the most sensitive. Downtrends appeared with increasing papain and trypsin concentrations in the form of breakdown. Enzymes had no significant different effect on the peak times of strong‐ and medium‐gluten flour, but prolonged peak time slightly in weak‐gluten flour. The pasting time and temperature of strong‐ and medium‐gluten flour were significantly increased in a concentration‐dependent manner. However, there were no significant effects on the pasting times of weak‐gluten flour. These results could supply a basis for utilization of enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat protein in food industry and for further studies into the interactions between hydrolyzed protein and starch in food or processing industries. Practical Application: Illuminating the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis of protein on the pasting properties of different types of wheat flour is very important in food industry. Flour viscosity decreases after enzymatic hydrolysis of protein/gluten. Enzymes have different effects on peak time, pasting time, and pasting temperatures for different types of flour. These results could supply a basis for utilization of enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat protein in food industry and for further studies into the interactions between hydrolyzed protein and starch in food or processing industries.     

面粉白度与其烘焙品质的关系

通过对同一种原料配制不同出粉率不同白度的面粉和进行烘焙试验,摸索了面粉白度与其烘焙品质之间的相互关系,发现面粉白度与面粉的出粉率有极好的相关性,面粉白度与面包的体积,评分和面包心色泽也有一定的关系。这为我们根据面粉白度来判断其烘焙品质提供了一定的参考依据。