Creep fatigue of a directionally solidified Ni‐base superalloy – smooth and cylindrically notched specimens

Turbine blade life modelling is complicated by the presence of notches, dwells, high temperatures, thermal cycles and temperature gradients. Furthermore, directionally solidified (DS) Ni‐base superalloys are highly anisotropic. This work seeks to characterize the response of the DS Ni‐base superalloy CM247LC subjected to isothermal low cycle fatigue at either 750 or 950 °C. This study considers the effects of strain rate, dwells at the maximum temperature, and stress concentrations. Experiments were conducted under uniaxial loading on smooth and cylindrically notched round‐bar specimens in both longitudinal and transverse orientations. The location of the creep‐fatigue crack is at the maximum Hill's effective stress in the notched specimens. In addition, the notch behaviour is discussed in light of finite element analysis using an anisotropic elastic‐crystal viscoplastic material model.     

Fatigue behaviour and lifing of two single crystal superalloys

A model has been developed to predict the high temperature cyclic life of single crystal superalloys RR2000 and CMSX-4 under conditions of creep and fatigue. A combined creep–fatigue model is used, although it is found that failure always occurs by creep or fatigue separately, and that creep–fatigue interaction has a minor influence. Microstructural investigation of a series of interrupted high- and low-frequency tests are presented, these are combined with the results of a series of interrupted creep tests to identify the separate and interactive mechanisms of creep and fatigue. When creep damage is present the material behaves homogeneously. Under these conditions crack growth is initiation controlled, the mechanism of failure is surface or casting pore-initiated planar crack growth followed by shear on crystallographic planes. As the temperature is lowered or the cyclic frequency increased, the material behaves less homogeneously and shear bands are formed during cycling. Crack growth under these conditions is again initiation controlled and failure is by rapid crystallographic crack growth along shear bands. Such a failure is a distinct fatigue failure and occurs when little creep damage is present. Under certain cyclic conditions, mainly those where the crystallographic failure mechanism is dominant, the material shows an anomalous increase in fatigue resistance with temperature up to approximately 950 °C. This behaviour has been quantified by relating it to the effect of strain rate and temperature on the yield strength of the material.     

Mechanism‐based life model for out‐of‐phase thermomechanical fatigue in single crystal Ni‐base superalloys

This paper describes an enhanced physics‐inspired model to predict the life of the second‐generation single crystal superalloy PWA 1484 experiencing out‐of‐phase (OP) thermomechanical fatigue (TMF). Degradation due to either pure fatigue or a coupling between fatigue and environmental attack are the primary concerns under this loading. The life model incorporates the effects of material anisotropy by utilizing the inelastic shear strain on the slip system having the highest Schmid factor while accounting for the effects of temperature‐dependent slip spacing and stress‐assisted γ′ depletion. Both conventional TMF and special bithermal fatigue (BiF) experiments were conducted to isolate and therefore better understand the interactions between these degradation mechanisms. The influences of crystallographic orientation, applied mechanical strain range, cycle maximum temperature and high temperature hold times were assessed. The resulting physics‐inspired life estimation model for OP TMF and OP BiF predicts the number of cycles to crack initiation as a function of crystal orientation, applied strain amplitude and stresses, temperature, cycle time (including dwells), and surface roughness within a factor of 2.     

镍基单晶高温合金的再结晶

镍基单晶高温合金作为先进发动机叶片的主要用材,其再结晶问题日益受到重视.本文综述了热处理温度、热处理时间、变形程度及合金成分等多种因素对镍基单晶高温合金再结晶的影响规律,分析了镍基单晶高温合金再结晶对其蠕变和疲劳性能的影响,并讨论了回复处理及浸蚀直接去除表面变形层、渗碳和表面涂层等控制再结晶的方法.最后,指出了镍基单晶...     

一种单晶高温合金的高周疲劳行为(英文)

本文对一种单晶高温合金在800℃经高周疲劳实验的断裂特征和微观变形机制进行了详细研究,发现该单晶合金存在两种断裂形貌,一种是定向解理断裂,一种是蜂窝状撕裂,这两种断裂方式分别与按确定取向的滑移变形机制和位错胞变形机制相联系。还观察到了小角晶界的变形机制,合金中存在的极微量 MC 碳化物仍然是重要的疲劳源,该单晶高温合金的高周疲劳强度极限较之相应的普通铸造 IN738合金和低偏析定向凝固 DE38G 合金大幅度提高。     

An assessment of three creep–fatigue life prediction methods for nickel‐based superalloy GH4049

High‐temperature low‐cycle fatigue tests with and without a 10‐s strain hold period in a cycle were performed on a nickel base superalloy GH4049 under a fully reversed axial total strain control mode. Three creep–fatigue life prediction methods are chosen to analyse the experimental data. These methods are the linear damage summation method (LDS), the strain range partitioning method (SRP) and the strain energy partitioning method (SEP). Their ability to predict creep‐fatigue lives of GH4049 at 700, 800 and 850 °C has been evaluated. It is found that the SEP method shows an advantage over the SRP method for all the tests under consideration. At 850 °C, the LDS and SEP methods give a more satisfactory prediction for creep–fatigue lives. At the temperatures of 700 and 800 °C, the SRP and SEP methods can correlate the life data better than the LDS method. In addition, the differences in predictive ability of these methods have also been analysed. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of fracture surfaces reveals that under creep–fatigue test conditions crack initiation mode is transgranular, while crack propagation mode is either intergranular plus transgranular or entirely intergranular, dependent on test temperature.     

蠕变/疲劳共同作用下寿命估算方法

通过载荷谱转换,将带保载时间的蠕变／疲劳循环用不带保载时间的纯疲劳循环代替,提出蠕变／疲劳共同作用时的寿命估算方法。对１２Ｃｒ１ＭｏＶ钢母材和焊材的蠕变／疲劳交互作用试验数据的分析结果表明,本方法方便、实用。提出一个表征蠕变／疲劳连续加载时交互作用行为的参数,蠕变／疲劳寿命比。分析认为,材料的蠕变疲劳交互作用行为与该比值的大小腾。材料在蠕变／疲劳共同作用下呈这是呈负交经作用,并非材料固有的特性,还取决于载荷条件。     

DD3单晶合金高温蠕变、疲劳及其交互作用机制

研究不同温度、不同应力下DD3单晶合金不同取向的疲劳、蠕变及疲劳-蠕变交互作用机制.结果表明:给定的实验条件下,DD3单晶的疲劳、蠕变及其交互作用均具有明显的各向异性,均以[111]取向的寿命最长,[001]取向次之,[011]取向最短,在相同温度和应力条件下以疲劳时的各向异性程度最为显著;DD3单晶具有较强的抗蠕变能力和相对较弱的抗疲劳能力,疲劳-蠕变交互作用中蠕变起主要作用.     

检验腐蚀对镍基单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究检验腐蚀对一种镍基单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响,将经过标准热处理的试样置于FeCl 3+HCl+H 2O腐蚀剂中分别腐蚀2次和4次,采用莱卡DCM8共聚焦显微镜和扫描电镜对未腐蚀、2次与4次腐蚀试样的表面形貌进行观察,然后分别测试未腐蚀和4次腐蚀试样760℃与980℃的旋转弯曲疲劳性能。结果表明:未腐蚀试样表面存在纵向且相互平行的由抛光带来的细小抛痕,表面粗糙度低;2次腐蚀后,表面抛痕有所减少,枝晶间区域出现腐蚀坑,表面粗糙度增加;4次腐蚀后,表面抛痕被完全腐蚀掉,腐蚀坑深度和表面粗糙度进一步增加。4次腐蚀会略微降低合金760℃的疲劳性能,但对高应力幅条件下的疲劳寿命影响较大,对低应力幅条件下的疲劳寿命影响较小。4次腐蚀对合金980℃疲劳性能影响很小。     

DD6单晶高温合金980℃蠕变性能研究

研究了第二代单晶高温合金DD6的[001],[011]和[111]取向980℃不同应力条件的拉伸蠕变性能.结果表明,DD6合金的蠕变性能良好,并具有蠕变各向异性;与[011]和[111]取向相比,应力对[001]取向的合金蠕变寿命影响较小;蠕变过程中由于晶体转动[001]结晶取向与主应力轴方向偏离度逐渐减小,而[011]和[111]结晶取向与主应力轴方向偏离度有所增加;[001]取向的合金加工硬化倾向性较大,[011]和[111]取向的合金加工硬化倾向较小.     

单晶高温合金蠕变行为研究现状

综述了国内外单晶高温合金蠕变行为研究现状,分析了蠕变行为中γ′相定向粗化机理、蠕变各向异性和蠕变过程中位错演化问题,探讨了单晶高温合金蠕变行为的研究方向.     

一种提高DD3单晶高温合金蠕变性能的热处理工艺

根据DD3单晶高温合金的热分析和相分析结果,制定了新的热处理工艺.该优化工艺提高了合金的固溶处理温度,并增加了一级时效制度.研究了优化工艺热处理后DD3合金的蠕变及拉伸性能,对比分析了优化工艺和标准工艺处理后的组织、元素分布和力学性能.结果表明,优化后的热处理工艺改善了合金组织和元素的分布,显著提高了合金的蠕变性能.