Fracture of plasma-sprayed thick thermal barrier coatings under multiaxial stress states

Failure behaviour of free‐standing plasma‐sprayed coatings was investigated under combined axial and shear loading. Thin‐walled tubular specimens were loaded with various combinations of tension/compression and torsion. This allows the failure surface to be established for loading situations where the two principal stresses are of opposite signs. Specimens failed in one of the two modes, a tensile failure perpendicular to the maximum principal stress or a compression shear failure through the thickness. Failure data were adequately described by the maximum principal stress theory. Stress–strain curves fall within a single scatter band depending on the failure mode. In situ deformation tests showed that the mechanism was microcrack closing and sliding in compression and microcrack opening, coalescence and the development of new microcracks in tension.     

热障涂层的研究进展

对热障涂层国内外的研究进展进行了综述。对热障涂层成份的选择、Y2O3稳定ZrO2的相组成及相转变、热障涂层的制备和热障涂层的失效以及热障涂层的发展前景进行了分析。     

Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of interfacial alumina scales on plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings

Abstract

The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Y-doped Al₂O₃ scales were investigated by furnace thermal cycling (to 1,150°C) of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with vacuum plasma-sprayed (VPS) or air plasma-sprayed (APS) Ni–22Cr–10Al–1Y bond coatings. No significant alterations in Al₂O₃ hardness or Young’s modulus (as measured by mechanical properties microprobe) were detected as a function of bond coat type, exposure time, or number of thermal cycles. The interfacial Al₂O₃ scales on VPS NiCrAlY exhibited progressive increases in localized fracture, buckling, and delamination during thermal cycling. The concentration of arrayed lenticular voids in the columnar Al₂O₃ grain boundaries significantly increased during cyclic oxidation (as compared to isothermal oxidation), but only in scales which formed on convex surfaces, suggesting internal void growth was stress-related. The amount and frequency of scale damage was higher on convex surfaces with a relatively large radius of curvature as compared to convex surfaces with a very small radius of curvature. Although the thermo-mechanical fracture resistance of Al₂O₃ scales on APS NiCrAlY was superior to scales on VPS NiCrAlY, TBC lifetimes on VPS NiCrAlY were greater by a factor of 2. Apparently, severe interfacial scale damage did not rapidly degrade the adherence of the ceramic top coatings.     

稀土锆酸盐热障涂层材料研究进展

稀土锆酸盐是最有希望应用于未来高性能航空发动机的热障涂层材料之一。归纳了国内外研究者在稀土锆酸盐类陶瓷材料上取得的结果,系统分析了不同位置全取代或部分取代得到的掺杂陶瓷材料的热物理性能和力学性能,并讨论了热障涂层材料研究的发展趋势,最后指出了稀土高酸盐热障涂层材料需要进一步研究的关键问题。     

SiC纤维/YSZ复合热障厚涂层韧性及热震性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术, 以ZrO₂-8wt%Y₂O₃(8YSZ)和团聚的P7216(8YSZ和珍珠岩粉)粉末为原料, 在基体上制备了厚度大于4 mm的SiC纤维/YSZ(SFY)复合厚热障涂层, 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了涂层的显微结构, 发现SFY涂层具有钢筋混凝土结构, 这种结构能够防止因为涂层厚度增加而引起的失效。此外, 基于计算机的断层成像技术分析热障涂层孔隙率的变化, 考察了SFY涂层和YSZ 热障涂层的抗热震性能、断裂韧性以及热导率性能, 并探讨了纤维的增韧机制。研究结果表明, SFY涂层具有更高的断裂韧性值和更好的抗热震性能, 25℃时SFY涂层的热导率为0.632 W/(m·K), 大约是传统YSZ热障涂层热导率的一半。SiC纤维对涂层内部裂纹的偏转和截止作用, 防止了裂纹扩散长大, 形成网状微裂纹结构, 有效提高了涂层的抗热震性能和断裂韧性。     

热障涂层的研究进展与发展趋势

热障涂层一般由金属粘结层和具有低热导率的陶瓷顶层组成,应用于涡轮发动机的热端部件可显著提高其使用温度,延长部件的使用寿命,提高发动机的效率.综述了热障涂层的成分选择、制备方法及等离子喷涂和电子束物理气相沉积2种热障涂层的典型结构,分析了热障涂层的剥落失效机理,并简单介绍了热障涂层的寿命预测模型和隔热特性的研究.     

Residual stress measurement by Piezospectroscopy of cross sections through thermal barrier coatings

Abstract

Piezo-spectroscopic measurements of the residual stress in the TGO have been demonstrated on cross sections through thermally cycled TBC systems with high spatial resolution (approximately 2 × 2 × 5 µm). The residual stress is perturbed by relaxation at the free surface, but this can be taken into account in an approximate way. This relaxation has a range approximately equal to the YSZ thickness indicating that the YSZ imposes significant mechanical constraint on the TGO despite its low modulus.

The measurements have shown that the non-planar morphology of the TGO induces large deviations from the thermo-elastic equi-biaxial stress expected for a planar TGO. The mean level of compressive residual stress is reduced by relaxation due to bending of the non-planar TGO, in agreement with elastic FEM analysis of sinusoidal TGO morphology. However, the real morphology is not sinusoidal and in some locations the local curvature is extremely high. In these regions the residual stress is observed to become tensile and as high as 1 GPa. The failure mechanism is by nucleation and growth of local damaged regions caused by these tensile stresses (which are evident as low stress regions on analysis through the YSZ) into larger regions that eventually become unstable to large-scale buckling and spalling.     

热障涂层陶瓷材料的研究现状及发展趋势

热障涂层陶瓷材料的研究是开发适用于下一代高性能航空涡轮发动机热障涂层体系的关键,也是未来热障涂层技术发展的重要方向之一.可用作热障涂层陶瓷材料的主要有用Al2O3、Y2O3等稳定剂稳定的ZrO2、稀土锆酸盐和一些具有钙钛矿结构的氧化物(石榴石、独居石以及LaMgAl11O19等),综述了上述热障涂层陶瓷材料的热物性能和力学性能,对其研究现状及发展趋势进行了分析和探讨.     

Y2O3与Gd2O3共掺杂SrZrO3热障涂层材料的热物理性能

采用固相反应法合成了5mol%Y2O3与5mol%Gd2O3共掺杂SrZrO3(Sr(Zr0.9Y0.05Gd0.05)O2.95,SZYG)粉末.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分别研究了SZYG粉末在1450℃长期热处理后以及200~1400℃范围内的相稳定性.采用高温热膨胀仪测量了SZYG块材的热膨胀系数,结果表明:通过Y2O3与Gd2O3共掺杂改性可以明显抑制SrZrO3的相转变.在1000℃下SZYG块材的热导率是～1.36 W/(m.K),与SrZrO3和8YSZ块材相比降低~35%SZYG分别与8YSZ和Al2O3在1250℃热处理24 h表现出很好的化学相容性.     

热障涂层的研究和发展

介绍了用于燃气轮机的热障涂层的发展和研究现状,系统地阐述了热障涂层的组成,制备方法,失效机理及提高使用寿命的途径。