建筑通风的历史与未来

本文纵览建筑通风的发展历史,展望未来发展趋势,对其发展中的一些根本性问题作了概括性讨论,如: 通风与热过程的关系、通风策略和模式、通风量标准、监测控制、计算机分析、微型机电技术的应用等。建筑、材料、控制等新技术的渗透将使建筑通风技术的发展更加多元化。     

Radon and moisture impacts from interventions integrated with housing energy retrofits

Energy retrofits can reduce air exchange, raising the concern of whether indoor radon and moisture levels could increase. This pre/post-intervention study explored whether simple radon interventions implemented in conjunction with energy retrofits can prevent increases in radon and moisture levels. Treatment homes (n = 98) were matched with control (no energy retrofits or radon intervention) homes (n = 12). Control homes were matched by geographic location and foundation type. t-tests were used to determine whether post-energy retrofit radon and moisture level changes in treatment homes significantly differed from those in control homes. The radon interventions succeeded in preventing statistically significant increases in first floor radon using arithmetic (p = 0.749) and geometric means (p = 0.120). In basements, arithmetic (p = 0.060) and geometric (p = 0.092) mean radon levels statistically significantly increased, consistent with previous studies which found that basement radon levels may increase even if first floor levels remain unchanged. Changes in infiltration were related to changes in radon (p = 0.057 in basements; p = 0.066 on first floors). Only 58% of the change in infiltration was due to air sealing, with the rest due to weather changes. There was no statistically significant association between air sealing itself and radon levels on the first floor (p = 0.664). Moisture levels also did not significantly increase.     

室内空气中氡的危害和控制

针对我国室内空气中氡的实际情况，从氡的理性特征、来源水平、危害几方面进行了论述，介绍了世界各国对室内氡的控制标准，提出了控制室内空气中氡的有效方法。     

水冷式冷水机组能效标准的合理化研究

分析了水冷式冷水机组的能效现状,认为现行能效标准有不合理之处。研究了能效比与制冷量的关系,指出能效标准中两者应为线性函数关系。     

国外新风量标准设计指标的发展(1)--关于ASHRAE标准62-1989的修订

介绍了若干国外标准中有关室内空气品质的定义及ＡＳＨＲＡＥ６２－１９８９修订案中新风量设计的两种方法：规定设计法和性能设计法。着重总结了运用规定设计法确定新风量的一般步骤,并分析了一幢办公楼的系统运行,指出了ＡＳＨＲＡＥ修订案与原标准的差异。     

上海公共建筑能耗现状及节能潜力分析

根据上海地区办公楼、商办楼、宾馆和商厦能耗调研的数据，对上海公共建筑空调能耗的现状作了评价。认为上海建筑用能水平较低，用能不尽合理，提出用系统能量效率比用单位面积平均一次能耗量作为建筑节能的评价指标更为合理。     

通风的有效性与室内空气品质

指出了通风有效性对改善室内空气品质的重要性,比较了不同送风方式的换气与通风效率,分析了通风效率与室内污染度的关系,最后提出了关于如何提高通风效率的建议。     

舒适性空调系统的临界净化效率与最小换气次数

指出舒适性空调应同时满足健康和舒适要求，从室内空气中有害物质量平衡方程导出舒适性空调系统临界净化效率和最小换气次数，认为依靠增加新风量来改善室内空气品质的作用是有限的，在满足室内要求的基本新风量后，提高各级空气净化器效率才有助于改善空气品质，据作者的观点设计空调系统其方法将有别于传统设计。     

室内空气质量影响因素实验研究

论述了室内空气质量的主要影响因素和《室内空气质量标准》中的相关规定。通过实验分析和对比,指出新风量不能从根本上降低室内污染物浓度,良好的通风换气是提高室内空气质量的有效保证。     

上海体育馆置换通风系统设计研究

介绍了上海体育馆置换通风设计,采用相同的原始数据与设计参数,按照现行的暖通规范与混合通风设计作了比较。计算显示出置换通风在室内空气品质和节能上的优势及其在应用场所上的局限性。     

碰撞射流通风的特性及节能分析

碰撞射流通风方式在20世纪90年代末起源于瑞典,对于我国仍是一种新型的通风方式。本文对碰撞射流通风的特性进行了分析,并将其与混合通风对比突出了它的节能,说明碰撞射流通风是一种相当具有发展前景的通风方式,为碰撞射流通风在我国的应用和推广提供理论基础。     

室内空气品质研究现状与发展

从室内空气品质的定义、室内空气品质的评价室内空气品质问题的起因、通风与室内空气品质的关系、提高室内空气品质的手段等５个方面介绍了国内外有关研究工作的现状。     

《公共建筑节能设计标准》与商用多联机空调

根据商用多联机广泛使用的现实,分析了商用多联机对暖通空调节能所起的重要作用,探讨了对《公共建筑节能设计标准》中缺少商用多联机相关规定引发的问题,以及商用多联机的COP、工程应用等问题。     

旋流通风方式下室内二氧化碳分布的实验研究

对8种旋流通风方式进行了实验测试,分别得到了各种通风方式下的速度场和污染物浓度场.结果表明,旋流通风方式用于改善气流组织和室内空气品质是经济可行的.     

Potential application of using vortex ring for personalized ventilation

A novel vortex ring personalized ventilation system (VRPV) is proposed for efficiently supplying fresh air to room occupants. A vortex ring generator with a piston-cylinder is developed for an experimental study of the formation, transportation, and ventilation characteristics of the VRPV. The translational velocity, volume, and fresh air ratio of the vortex rings are studied using high-speed cameras and tracer gas experiments. According to the results, the categories of the vortex ring volume in the formation stage are studied. It is observed that the velocity of the piston determines the initial translational velocity of the vortex ring, and a fitting equation is proposed to predict the evolution of the translational velocity. The deviation range of the VRPV over different distances is studied, and it is shown to be affected by interference from both the generator and the environment. Finally, the total volumes, fresh air volumes, and fresh air ratios of the VRPV are studied at different distances. The results indicate that, as a personalized ventilation system, the fresh air ratio of the VRPV is up to 159.3% higher than that of a symmetrical round jet within a 0-4 m range. This shows the excellent application potential of the VRPV for providing high-efficiency personalized ventilation with lower fresh airflow rates.     

Performance of combined displacement ventilation and cooled ceiling liquid desiccant membrane system in Beirut climate

The performance of the chilled ceiling (CC) displacement ventilation (DV) systems is constrained by latent load removal capacity and cost of supply air dehumidification to prevent condensation on the ceiling. In this study, a liquid desiccant dehumidification membrane cycle (LDMC) is mathematically modelled to replace the CC and remove directly latent and sensible load from indoor space through the membrane. The desiccant system is coupled with the DV system. An optimized operational strategy is adopted while allowing ceiling temperature to drop to lower values than conventional CC/DV. The optimized LDMC-C/DV system was implemented in an office space in Beirut climate. It was found that decreasing the membrane liquid desiccant temperature resulted in a significant decrease in the total cooling energy of the system, while increasing the solar heating energy of the desiccant regeneration. At optimal set points, a decrease of 49% in energy consumption was observed compared to the conventional CC/DV system.     

地铁车站利用需求控制通风技术的可行性研究

介绍了适用于屏蔽门地铁站台的需求控制通风系统。利用动态仿真系统建模,以广州某屏蔽门地铁站台为研究对象,进行了全年能耗计算。结果表明,需求控制通风系统比定风量系统节能30%,比VAV系统节能8%。     

关于完善公共建筑集中空调系统节能评价体系的一些探讨

认为目前的节能评价体系用"年空调总用电量"、"单位空调面积耗电量"不能全面、正确地评价集中空调系统。提出了新的集中空调能效自动跟踪评价系统,该系统对集中空调系统的实时制冷量、各空调用电设备的实时功率、实时用电量、实时能效、历史平均综合能效、实时负荷率、历史平均负荷率等数据进行跟踪、监测、统计并显示。以工程实例说明新的评价系统的应用。     

微型燃气轮机热电冷三联产系统总能分析及能效特性实验研究

对以微型燃气轮机为核心的冷热电三联产系统进行总能分析,并对其能效特性和在部分负荷时的能效特性进行实验研究。从总能分析和能效特性的实验研究中,可以得出当负荷变小时,总能效率会明显下降,系统的能效特性变差,这一变化规律可为以后的冷热电三联产系统的研究借鉴。     

独立新风系统(DOAS)研究(1):综述

介绍了独立新风系统的概念、背景、组成、特点和历史及其与建筑物的环境安全性、绿色建筑评估体系的关系。指出这种系统能明显提高室内空气品质、人体舒适感，减少空调系统一次投资和运行费用。