辉光放电质谱法中干扰峰的分析研究

As a direct solid sampling technique, glow discharge mass spectrometry(GD-MS) has been widely applied to the trace and ultra trace element analysis of conductors and semi-conductors. By the use of various kinds of the information of the interferences in the analyzing solid sample, combining with the working principle of GD-MS. we analyzed and recognized matrix in the tested sample messages to obtain more complete sample signals and more reliable analyzing results.     

铝合金中微量元素辉光放电质谱定量分析研究

以辉光放电质谱法对牌号为6063铝合金标样(E421a)中9个元素进行测定,获得每个元素的灵敏度因子(RSF),并考察了辉光放电电流、放电氩气流速以及离子源冷却温度对RSF值的影响。实验结果表明,辉光放电电流和氩气流速对RSF值有明显的影响,离子源冷却温度对其没有影响。以获得的RSF值对6063铝合金标样另一个点(E422a)进行测定验证,测定值与标示值的相对误差在0.5%~5.6%之间,精密度(RSD)小于5%;以同样方法测定了一个7系铝合金样品中的相应元素,并与ICP-AES测定结果对比,结果的准确度和精密度良好。     

低频率射频辉光放电的研究

辉光放电电离源可用来检测固态、液态及气态样品,目前主要用于无机固体样品的元素分析和定量检测。本研究将低频率射频辉光放电（Lf-RFGD）与飞行时间质谱仪（TOF MS）联用用于分析液体和气体样品。研究了电离腔真空度、进样管尺寸、辅助气压力、放电频率及电极板压差对电离效率的影响。最优分析条件为：电离腔真空度约30 Pa,进样管长150 mm、内径0.25 mm,辅助气压强约1.0 MPa,放电频率2 MHz,电极板压差约100 V。在此条件下,放电功率约20 W,对液体样品的检出限约0.1 pg、对挥发性样品的检出限约20 mg/m³,检测半峰分辨率约3 000（FWHM）。将Lf-RFGD TOF MS应用于实际药品溶液和挥发性有机物（VOCs）的检测。本仪器对药品溶液的检测灵敏度与常用检测仪器相比无优势,但对挥发性有机物的检测效果较好,为开发低成本的VOCs检测仪器提供了有吸引力的选择。     

A laser ultrasonic technique for studying the properties of products manufactured by additive technologies

Study of the possibility for using a laser ultrasonic technique in nondestructive testing of products that are manufactured by selective laser melting is presented. Procedures of producing samples and carrying out nondestructive testing by the laser ultrasonic technique are described. Mechanical properties of samples that were grown in vertical and horizontal directions have been measured, as well as the speed of ultrasound in these samples. It has been established that the laser-ultrasonic technique is a promising technology for the quality control of products that are obtained by selective laser melting.     

Rapid and reliable method for diagnostic electron microscopy of faeces

Four methods are described for examining viruses in faeces by electron microscopy using negative staining. Faeces samples from a total of 180 patients with diarrhoea illnesses were processed for electron microscopy by the direct staining technique, pseudoreplica technique, microsolute concentration technique and by ultracentrifugation. Virus particles (including rotaviruses and adenoviruses) were found in fifty-five (31%) samples when the results of all methods were combined. Bacteriophages were found in thirty of the samples which were read virus negative. Herpesviruses were also found in the faecal samples of two patients with diarrhoea illness. Parvovirus-like particles were identified in one sample which was rotavirus and adeno-virus positive. Calicivirus-like particles were found in a sample which was adenovirus positive. With the direct staining technique thirty-six (20%) samples contain virus particles; with micro-solute concentration technique forty-eight (27%) samples contain virus particles and with ultracentrifugation thirty-eight (21%) contain virus particles. It is believed the microsolute concentration technique is rapid and more reliable than the pseudoreplica technique and ultracentrifugation method, and is a more preferable method for the diagnosis of faecal sample by electron microscopy.     

基于特征的大型快速成型样件的数据分块技术

针对在新产品的开发过程中,由于快速成型设备工作台成型尺寸的限制,对于类似摩托车覆盖件等大型快速成型样件的加工难题.本文分析了快速成型技术和精密雕刻技术在加工过程中的优缺点,提出在摩托车覆盖件的开发过程中,用精雕机和快速成型机结合的方法来进行新产品样件的制作,并且运用基于特征的数据分块技术,对大型样件进行合理的分块,再分...     

Simple method for the preparation of inp based samples for TEM investigation

A novel, rapid, and simple method is described for the preparation of InP based samples for investigation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The key feature of the technique is Ar⁺ ion bombardment in an iodine ambient. Cross sectional micrographs of Au/InP samples are shown as an example. The technique developed produces a large area of transparent region.     

环境介质中有机污染物分析前处理方法概述

概述了环境介质中有机污染物样品前处理常用技术和新型技术。针对不同沸点的有机污染物采用的分析方法不同,将其分为挥发性有机污染物和半挥发性有机污染物分别讨论。介绍了固体和液体样品中挥发性有机物的顶空法,大气中挥发性有机物二次热解析GC／MS联用测定技术,大气中半挥发性有机污染物被动采样技术,水样中半挥发性有机物的固相革取手段,土壤沉积物和固体废弃物中半挥发性有机污染物各种常用提取手段的优劣,柱色谱净化和凝胶渗透色谱净化的应用原理以及常用浓缩手段的特点。     

Main provisions of GOST (Intergovernmental Standard) 33514–2015 “Railway-purpose production. Verification of nondestructive testing procedures”

The fundamentals of GOST (Intergovernmental Standard) 33514–2015, implemented on July 1, 2015, are set forth. Compliance of a nondestructive testing technique with its indicated purpose indicators, which may include numerical values of the certainty index achieved with the technique, is established during verification. Experimental research that is part of the verification procedure is carried out on test samples that contain natural and/or artificial defects as well as on flawless samples. The number of the samples is calculated depending on the prescribed value of the confidence probability of estimating the certainty index. Examples of verification tests for magnetic and ultrasonic inspection techniques are described.     

High-temperature residual stresses in thin films characterized by x-ray diffraction substrate curvature method

A new x-ray technique to determine temperature dependencies of macroscopic stresses in thin films by characterizing the substrate curvature is introduced. The technique is demonstrated on polycrystalline TiN and Al thin films deposited on Si(100) wafers. The structures are thermally cycled in the temperature range of 25-400 degrees C using a newly developed heating chamber attached to a commercial x-ray diffractometer. The curvature of the freestanding samples was determined by the rocking curve measurement of substrate Si 400 reflections at different lateral positions of the samples, and the stresses are calculated using Stoney's formula. The results show that the magnitude of the stress is in good agreement with the results obtained by other techniques. For the practical application of the technique, the sample mounting and the temperature control are of great importance.