造型元素的决定权

给人震撼的是整体的视觉冲击。然而需要考虑到的是：所有的整体都是由一个个细节元素构成的。细节决定成败!对手表的造型来说就是个体的造型元素决定整体面貌的风格呈现。[编者按]     

岩心元素扫描仪的设计

岩屑元素录井仪主要用于石油钻井领域,其设计可靠性和科学性在很大程度上影响地质分析结果的准确性.设计了一种新型岩屑元素录井仪,称为岩心元素扫描仪.介绍了这一岩心元素扫描仪的工作原理与系统组成,进行了安全性计算,并分析了仪器中的控制单元、检测单元、装样单元和气路单元.     

痕量元素的电子探针分析

用电子探针分析痕量元素是一种新尝试。本文提出选择实验条件应注意的问题。探讨了克服漂移造成的系统误差的方法和背景测量方法。背景与波长的关系多为线性,仅在低衍射角区为非线性;对非线性关系,提出一种用制作背景曲线确定背景值的方法。列举出NBS1200系列钢铁标样和含痕量金的黄铁矿等已知含量样品的分析实例。采用所述试验方法,分析灵敏度与准确性明显提高。本工作处于方法试验阶段,尚未开展实用分析。     

EA3000元素分析仪测试碳氢氮元素的影响因素分析

利用EA3000元素分析仪测试不同类型样品中的碳氢氮元素含量,从样品来源分析产生干扰的原因,可能会对测试结果带来误差的分析,提出消除干扰因素的思路。从仪器设计和热导检测器的材质分析,有效地消除影响结果的因素,有利于保证数据的准确性。     

生活的优雅品位的元素

我们喜爱手表，因为我们喜爱精致的东西，因为我们追求高质量的生活。《时尚时间》从未把高级钟表与优雅的生活割裂开来。除了读者们的响应，我们还受到与我们有同样想法的客户的邀请．跟他们一起分享精致生活的理念。下次你们去法国的时候，不妨在这里找到知音。[编者按]     

食品元素分析和元素化学形态分析中的ICP-MS应用

综述了近几年来食品中元素分析和元素化学形态分析方面的发展趋势，以及ICP－MS仪器深入该领域的情况。叙述了HPLC－ICP－MS在元素化学形态分析中的一些方法开发和进展。强调了ICP－MS仪器在食品日常分析和研究领域的作用。     

微波消解-ICP-MS法测定卷烟纸中主要元素和重金属元素

建立了卷烟纸中5种主要元素和6种重金属元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱测定方法,优化了样品前处理方法,考察了普通卷烟纸和彩色卷烟纸中5种主要元素和6种重金属元素的含量水平。结果表明:采用HNO_3和H_2O_2消解体系能够将卷烟纸完全消解,方法定量限在0.010~0.053mg/kg之间,样品加标回收率为93%~107%,精密度(RSD)小于6.7%。该方法样品前处理简单快速、结果准确可靠,适合于卷烟纸中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Ti、Cr、Ni、As、Cd、Hg和Pb的测定。     

名表中的中国元素

随着中国经济的快速发展，消费实力的快速增长，奢侈品品牌进军中国的节奏正在加快，中国越来越受到世界的重视。在中国，目前很多行业也都意识到了中国元素的重要性，在设计风格上开始寻求中国元素，将中国传统的元素融入其中，形成既性感又雅致的独特中国魅力。     

人肺癌及癌旁组织中Sc等11种元素的比较研究

很多元素与肿瘤的发生、发展有着密切关系。为对肺癌与元素之间关系有一个更加完整认识,本研究测定17对肺癌及癌旁组织中54种元素含量,结果发现Sc、Fe、Co、Ga、Ag、CdI、n、Sn、Sb、Pb、Bi等11种元素在癌组织中含量显著低于癌旁组织。本文对其降低原因和机理进行初步讨论。     

肺癌和癌旁组织中17种微量元素的ICP-MS测定及相关研究

To determine 17 elements in lung carcinomatous and pericarcinomatous tissues by inductively coupled plasma mass sepctrometry (ICP-MS), samples were digested using HNO3 and HClO4. Rhodium was used as an internal standard element. Reference materials of GBW(E)080193 Bovine Hepar and GBW09101 Human Hair were analyzed by the described method. The analytic values of two reference materials are accorded with the reference values. The recovery rates are 90%-110%. The precisions of the method are most below 10%. The concentrations of seventeen elements in lung carcinomatous and pericarcinomatous tissues are remarkable different. Seventeen elements in human lung tissue can be determined rapidly, simply, accurately by ICP-MS.     

Elemental changes in the brain, muscle, and gut cells of the housefly, Musca domestica, exposed to heavy metals

The toxic effects of heavy metals on organisms are well established. However, their specific action at the cellular level in different tissues is mostly unknown. We have used the housefly, Musca domestica, as a model organism to study the toxicity of four heavy metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). These have been fed to larvae at low and high, semi-lethal concentrations, and their accumulation in the head, thorax, and abdomen was subsequently measured in adult flies. In addition, their impact on the cellular concentration of several elements important for cell metabolism-sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg++), phosphorous (P), sulphur (S), chloride (Cl-) and potassium (K+)-were measured in neural cells, muscle fibers, and midgut epithelial cells. Our study showed that the heavy metals accumulate mainly in the abdomen, in which the concentrations of two of the xenobiotic metals, Cd and Pb, were 213 and 23 times more concentrated, respectively, than in controls. All the heavy metals affected the cellular concentration of light elements in all cell types, but the changes observed were dependent on tissue type and were specific for each heavy metal, and its concentration.     

Cadmium distribution and toxicity in tissues of small rodents.

The aim of the present paper is to discuss the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in the various tissues of animals, the interactions of cadmium with other elements, and the damage to tissues caused by this metal. Cadmium is not physiologically or biochemically essential to an organism. It is absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract and lungs and accumulated in various tissues, mainly the kidneys and liver. The distribution of cadmium between various tissues depends on many endogenous and exogenous factors. Cadmium is bound to a low-molecular-weight protein, metallothionein (MT), and to high-molecular-weight proteins. This metal has a great affinity to thiol groups. Cadmium binds also to O- and N-containing ligands. The distribution of cadmium between organs differs markedly depending on the chemical form of administered Cd and the duration of exposure. Acute exposure results in a different distribution pattern throughout the body than does chronic exposure. Long-term exposure to high doses of cadmium may cause biochemical and functional changes in some critical organs. Cadmium can influence the absorption and distribution of essential elements and can replace them in enzymes. Metallothionein and glutathione play important roles in the transport of metals and in detoxification processes. Reported findings are mainly the results of experiments on laboratory animals. The lack of data concerning the localization of cadmium in various tissues of wild species is noticeable and there is a great need for such data.     

Mass-spring-damper modelling of the human body to study running and hopping--an overview

Several mass-spring-damper models have been developed to study the response of the human body to the collision with the ground during hopping, trotting, or running. The mass, spring, and damper elements represent the masses, stiffness properties, and damping properties of hard and soft tissues. The masses that models are composed of are connected to each other via springs and dampers. The present paper reviews the various types of mass-spring-damper models including one-body and multi-body models. The models are further categorized as being either passive or active. In passive models, the mechanical properties (stiffness and damping) of soft tissues remain constant regardless of the type of footwear, ground stiffness, etc. In active models, the mechanical properties adapt to external loads. The governing equations of motion of all models as well as their parameters are presented. The specific ways that the models take account of the shoe-ground interactions are discussed as well. The methods used for determination of different modelling parameters are briefly surveyed. The advantages and disadvantages of the different types of mass-spring-damper models are also discussed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of possible future research trends in the area of mass-spring-damper modelling.     

An inexpensive device for freeze drying and plastic embedding tissues at low temperatures

The preparation of biological tissues for electron microscopy by rapid freezing retains the original localization of ions and molecules. A reproducible freezing regime was established by quenching tissues in liquid propane according to the method of Elder et al. (1981). Tissue was thereafter freeze dried in a custom built freeze drying device with a liquid nitrogen cooled stage to prevent ice recrystallization during drying. The device was also designed to allow the vacuum embedding of tissue in low temperature resin such as Lowicryl® and polymerization in situ. This paper describes the design of the device and an example of its use in the freeze drying of cartilage. The results show that minimal ice damage occurs to the chondrocytes and that intracellular organelles are clearly visible. The regime described may prove a useful and pragmatic alternative to cutting tissue in the frozen state. Translocation of elements is unlikely except perhaps in the case of very labile elements such as Na and K, but this remains to be fully elucidated.     

Forecasting the service life of elements with the same name in a car as a function of the conditions of their interaction and nonuniformity of initial states

The specific features of the change in initial nonuniformity of structural parameters in interdependent elements with the same name in a car in the process of operation are considered. The dependences of the service life of elements with the same name on the conditions of their interaction and initial nonuniformity of structural parameters are analytically and experimentally justified.     

ICP/MS法测定中国参考人组织样品中痕量钍、铀、铯含量的研究

本文采用ICP-MS法对成年人器官组织中痕量钍、铀、铯进行了研究,选择了测定的仪器参数,检查了测定中的干扰和影响;用铼(Re)作为内标元素补偿基体抑制效应和灵敏度的漂移~(1,2,3)。钍、铀、铯的检出限为(0.0057-0.0178)μg·L~(-1)。随同样品分析了NIST SRM 1566a牡蛎、8414牛肌肉、1486骨粗粉标准参考物质,测得值与标准参考值基本相符。在严格分析质控基础上,用混酸消解样品,不须分离富集,直接对成年人肝、肾、肺、肌肉、骨粉中钍,铀,铯元素进行测定。     

Configurable monitoring system for industrial process control

A data-centered architecture for an industrial process monitoring system (PMS) is proposed. In such a system, the elements of graphical user interface (GUI) can be used to simulate the working process of practical devices by their state data, because a change of devices’ state will cause some properties of graphic elements to vary. And by operating the graphic elements, the user can first handle the monitoring data, and then operate the devices indirectly since the changed monitoring data will be inputted into the devices, and ensure their control. A configurable platform, which consists of tools such as project manager, GUI developer, system builder, etc., is developed to customize a specific PMS for different types of devices. The procedure of configuring a specific PMS with the platform is detailed. Then, the reconstructing and working process of the specific PMS is described.     

拓扑优化中不同空间单元的计算效率分析

通过具体计算实例分析比较了在拓扑优化中线性单元和二次单元的计算精度和效率.计算结果表明:二次单元模型的计算精度高,但其计算时间是线性单元的近百倍,优化效率低.线性六面体单元和线性五面体单元相对二次单元模型的精度偏差分别为4.57％和14.62％,基本上能保证计算精度.因此有必要采用线性单元组合或二次和线性组合单元对复杂模型进行拓扑优化,以减小计算规模,提高计算效率.