基于GM(1,1)模型的蛋白质二级结构类型预测

蛋白质二级结构类型预测是当今生物信息学研究的热点之一。利用氨基酸数字编码模型将氨基酸序列转换成数字信号,得出此蛋白质的GM(1,1)模型参数,并将这些参数作为伪氨基酸成分,由于这些伪氨基酸成分具有描述氨基酸序列的总体特征的特点,使得预测成功率有较大的提高。     

基于OET-KNN算法的蛋白质二级结构类型预测

蛋白质二级结构类型预测是当今生物信息学研究的热点之一。利用氨基酸数字编码模型将氨基酸序列转换成数字信号,根据LZ复杂度的算法计算了氨基酸的伪氨基酸成分,再对伪氨基酸成分用OET-KNN算法进行分类预测。Jackknife测试结果表明该算法能使得预测成功率有较大的提高。     

哈斯矩阵图的G-蛋白偶联受体类型预测

利用氨基酸数字编码模型,将蛋白质序列转换为数字序列,根据偏序理论构建蛋白质哈斯矩阵。基于同一类型蛋白质哈斯矩阵图 具有相似图像纹理的假设,运用图像处理方法提取图像的几何矩作为伪氨基酸成分,对G-蛋白偶联受体类型分为2层进行预测,预测成功率分别为92.33%和85.48%。预测效果表明该方法是可行的。     

一种新颖的蛋白质序列可视化模型

利用相似规则、互补规则和分子识别理论建立一种氨基酸数字编码模型用于研究序列特征、功能预测。给出一种新的基于元胞自动机的蛋白质序列图像生成方法,其优点是考虑了氨基酸前后的相互作用,生成的图像与基因序列一一对应,许多隐藏在蛋白质序列中的重要特性通过元胞自动机图可以表现出来。基于蛋白质元胞自动机图所得到的蛋白质伪氨基酸成分,蛋白质亚细胞定位预测成功率可以达到86.4%。     

蛋白质二级结构预测的一种新的编码方式

提出了一种基于结构特征的蛋白质二级结构预测方法。先对氨基酸的理化特性进行主成分分析,提取出主要影响因素,并融合成3位编码。接着,在原有3位编码基础上加入3位氨基酸在特定二级结构中的倾向因子。编码完成后,使用支持向量机方法进行预测。实验结果表明,改进后的编码方式优于单纯做主成分分析得到的3位编码和5位编码方式,可以有效地用于蛋白质二级结构预测。     

基于GM(2,1)的亚细胞定位预测

对于蛋白质氨基酸序列,使用GM(2,1)模型的参数作为伪氨基酸成分,加上各氨基酸在序列中所占比例,构成蛋白质的灰色伪氨基酸成分表示。利用扩大协方差算法预测亚细胞定位,开发基于该方法的亚细胞定位预测服务器。在相同的数据集上,对比实验结果显示,该预测服务器在总体预测率上达到77.6%,比其他预测方法优越。相关的研究拓展了灰色理论在生物信息学上的应用。     

基于蛋白质哈斯矩阵图的分泌蛋白预测

因为研究分泌蛋白质有助于找到直接与特定生理或病理状态相关的生物分子,判断一条未知蛋白是否为分泌蛋白是非常重要的。基于同一类型蛋白质的哈斯矩阵图具有相似图像纹理假设,提取图像的几何矩作为伪氨基酸成分对未知蛋白质序列是否属于分泌蛋白进行预测,采用Jackknife算法进行测试,预测成功率与现有算法相比有很大的提高。     

基于卷积长短时记忆神经网络的蛋白质二级结构预测

鉴于不同类型氨基酸的相互作用对蛋白质结构预测的影响不同,文中融合卷积神经网络和长短时记忆神经网络模型,提出卷积长短时记忆神经网络,并应用到蛋白质8类二级结构的预测中.首先基于氨基酸序列的类别信息和氨基酸结构的进化信息表示蛋白质序列,并采用卷积提取氨基酸残基之间的局部相关特征,然后利用双向长短时记忆神经网络提取蛋白质序列内部残基之间的远程相互作用,最后将提取的蛋白质的局部相关特征和远程相互作用用于蛋白质8类二级结构的预测.实验表明,相比基准方法,文中模型提高8类二级结构预测的精度,并具有良好的可扩展性.     

元胞自动机图的蛋白质二级结构类型预测

蛋白质结构预测是后基因组时代的一项重要任务,蛋白质二级结构预测是蛋白质结构预测的关键步骤。利用氨基酸数字编码模型生成蛋白质序列的元胞自动机图（Cellular Automata Image,CAI）,提出了一种基于灰度共生矩阵（Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix,GLCM）提取纹理图像特征的方法。用扩大的协方差算法进行预测,仿真结果显示有较好的分类效果,Jackknife检验的预测成功率达到94.61％。     

基于关联规则与遗传算法的蛋白质二级结构预测

文章通过建立蛋白质二级结构预测的数学模型,运用挖掘与遗传算法相结合的关联规则技术对蛋白质二级结构进行预测,设计并实现了该原型系统。实验表明,该文所采用的基于蛋白质氨基酸疏水性周期规律的预测模型方法较其它相关的二级结构预测方法有较好的准确性、有效性与可行性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.