基于CFD近似模型的船尾线型多目标综合优化

为提高船体的优化效率,以国际标准船型KCS为研究对象,以船舶总阻力和桨盘面伴流不均匀度为优化目标,建立近似模型,完成KCS船尾线型的优化,得到优化船型．通过优化结果可知：对于母型船,在满足工程约束条件下,通过船尾优化可以得到总阻力未增加、船尾流场品质有明显改善的船体线型．     

Development of a semantic product modeling system for initial hull structure in shipbuilding

In the initial stage of ship design, designers represent geometry, arrangement, and dimension of hull structures, which correspond to product model information, with 2D geometric primitives such as points, lines, arcs, and drawing symbols on 2D drawings. However, designers must translate the product model information defined on the 2D drawings more intelligently in the following design stages. Thus, design semantics could be lost and design processes that follow could be delayed because of errors by mistranslating the information. Here, design semantics mean design intents of the designer, that is, functions and structures which the product must have.In this study, a semantic product model data structure of an initial ship hull structure was proposed, and a semantic product modeling system was developed based on the proposed data structure. The proposed data structure can store semantic product model information such as product design results with the use of 2D wire frame geometrical data, part attributes, and design knowledge. Hence, this information can be used to generate a 3D solid model and production material information for CAPP as needed.The applicability of the proposed data structure and the developed system was verified by applying them to the deadweight 300,000 ton of Very Large Crude oil Carrier’s product modeling procedure. The application results showed that the proposed data structure and the developed system can be efficiently used for overall initial ship design environment.     

Engineering Bereitschaft as an enabler for concurrent engineering

Industrial companies observe a general trend towards more customised products and shorter product life cycles. Furthermore, the market demands shorter lead-time and high-quality products at a competitive price. Concurrent Engineering addresses these challenges. Product modelling is a key aspect of the Concurrent Engineering literature. One problem with the product modelling literature is that it tends to assume that product development always is revolutionary. Very often product development is evolutionary and it means that product modelling should have a major emphasis on reuse. In this paper it is suggested that industrial companies should develop an engineering development Bereitschaft (preparatory engineering knowledge) as an approach to Concurrent Engineering and product modelling. To develop such an engineering development Bereitschaft, a company must develop company generic product models. This paper will describe experience from a shipyard where an object-oriented product model of a double hull supertanker and a product configurator prototype has been developed. Configuration of the steel structures in a ship and the succeeding productivity evaluation can in that way be done within a week. Such a fast cycle time allows for multiple iterations in search of a “good” design.     

Simulating evolution in model-based product line engineering

ContextNumerous approaches are available for modeling product lines and their variability. However, the long-term impacts of model-based development on maintenance effort and model complexity can hardly be investigated due to a lack of empirical data. Conducting empirical research in product line engineering is difficult as companies are typically reluctant to provide access to data from their product lines. Also, many benefits of product lines can be measured only in longitudinal studies, which are difficult to perform in most environments.ObjectiveIn this paper, we thus aim to explore the benefit of simulation to investigate the evolution of model-based product lines.MethodWe present a simulation approach for exploring the effects of product line evolution on model complexity and maintenance effort. Our simulation considers characteristics of product lines (e.g., size, dependencies in models) and we experiment with different evolution profiles (e.g., technical refactoring vs. placement of new products).ResultsWe apply the approach in a simulation experiment that uses data from real-world product lines from the domain of industrial automation systems to demonstrate its feasibility.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that simulation contributes to understanding the effects of maintenance and evolution in model-based product lines.     

MOD2-SCM: A model-driven product line for software configuration management systems

ContextSoftware Configuration Management (SCM) is the discipline of controlling the evolution of large and complex software systems. Over the years many different SCM systems sharing similar concepts have been implemented from scratch. Since these concepts usually are hard-wired into the respective program code, reuse is hardly possible.ObjectiveOur objective is to create a model-driven product line for SCM systems. By explicitly describing the different concepts using models, reuse can be performed on the modeling level. Since models are executable, the need for manual programming is eliminated. Furthermore, by providing a library of loosely coupled modules, we intend to support flexible composition of SCM systems.MethodWe developed a method and a tool set for model-driven software product line engineering which we applied to the SCM domain. For domain analysis, we applied the FORM method, resulting in a layered feature model for SCM systems. Furthermore, we developed an executable object-oriented domain model which was annotated with features from the feature model. A specific SCM system is configured by selecting features from the feature model and elements of the domain model realizing these features.ResultsDue to the orthogonality of both feature model and domain model, a very large number of SCM systems may be configured. We tested our approach by creating instances of the product line which mimic wide-spread systems such as CVS, GIT, Mercurial, and Subversion.ConclusionThe experiences gained from this project demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to model-driven software product line engineering. Furthermore, our work advances the state of the art in the domain of SCM systems since it support the modular composition of SCM systems at the model rather than the code level.     

Development of panel generation system for seakeeping analysis

In this paper, a panel generation system for analyzing seakeeping performance of a ship is developed. Given a set of offset data representing the ship hull, the system first creates a surface model of the ship. From the surface model, the wetted part of the ship is obtained by computing the intersection between the water surface and the hull, which is then processed to generate quadrilateral panels for the hull and the water surface. The system is designed to handle various kinds of ships such as ships with a mono-skeg, a twin-skeg and/or a bulbous bow in either an automatic or an interactive manner. Moreover, it can generate input panels for three different seakeeping analysis methods. Examples are provided to demonstrate the capabilities of the system.     

船体曲面矩形块按参考线敷设法关键技术研究

以船体曲面敷设矩形块为背景,针对现行按肋骨线方向单向展开后进行矩形块敷设设计的不足,提出了矩形块按参考线敷设法及其流程。提出了曲面线偏移的概念和正交线离散点算法。矩形块敷设参考线沿船长方向延伸,按肋骨线方向布置偏移点,在MDT系统中进行二次开发,选取船体典型曲面进行了敷设设计。经验证,该方法满足工程使用要求。     

Effective development of automation systems through domain-specific modeling in a small enterprise context

High development and maintenance costs and a high error rate are the major problems in the development of automation systems, which are mainly caused by bad communication and inefficient reuse methods. To overcome these problems, we propose a more systematic reuse approach. Though systematic reuse approaches such as software product lines are appealing, they tend to involve rather burdensome development and management processes. This paper focuses on small enterprises. Since such companies are often unable to perform a “big bang” adoption of the software product line, we suggest an incremental, more lightweight process to transition from single-system development to software product line development. Besides the components of the transition process, this paper discusses tool selection, DSL technology, stakeholder communication support, and business considerations. Although based on problems from the automation system domain, we believe the approach may be general enough to be applicable in other domains as well. The approach has proven successful in two case studies. First, we applied it to a research project for the automation of a logistics lab model, and in the second case (a real-life industry case), we investigated the approaches suitability for fish farm automation systems. Several metrics were collected throughout the evolution of each case, and this paper presents the data for single system development, clone&own and software product line development. The results and observable effects are compared, discussed, and finally summarized in a list of lessons learned.     

基于CFD的集装箱船阻力性能优化

基于CFD方法实现船体型线的自动优化。应用船型参数化建模方法分析特征参数,提取设计变量,以兴波阻力最小为目标,分别采用Sobol算法和Tsearch算法实现船体型线的自动优化。将上述方法应用于5 100 TEU集装箱船的型线自动优化,运用Shipflow软件进行CFD数值计算。评估结果表明优化船型在弗劳德数Fr=0.26时总阻力减少3.62%,说明该方法可行。     

A study on the preliminary ship design method using deterministic approach and probabilistic approach including hull form

This paper describes a preliminary ship design method using deterministic approach and probabilistic approach in the process of hull form design. In the deterministic approach, an interdisciplinary ship design method integrates principal dimension decisions and hull form variations in the preliminary ship design stage. Integrated ship design, as presented in this paper, has the distinctive feature that these parameters are evaluated simultaneously. Conversely, in sequential design, which is based on the traditional preliminary ship design process, hull form designs and principal dimension decisions are determined separately and sequentially. The current study adopts the first method to enhance the design quality in the early design stage. Furthermore, a probabilistic approach is applied to ship design to resolve uncertainties in design information more efficiently than a deterministic approach would.     

Development of a simple model for batch and boundary information updation for a similar ship’s block model

In early 2000,large domestic shipyards introduced shipbuilding 3D computer-aided design (CAD) to the hull production design process to define manufacturing and assembly information.The production design process accounts for most of the man-hours (M/H) of the entire design process and is closely connected to yard production because designs must take into account the production schedule of the shipyard,the current state of the dock needed to mount the ship’s block,and supply information.Therefore,many shipyards are investigating the complete automation of the production design process to reduce the M/H for designers.However,these problems are still currently unresolved,and a clear direction is needed for research on the automatic design base of manufacturing rules,batches reflecting changed building specifications,batch updates of boundary information for hull members,and management of the hull model change history to automate the production design process.In this study,a process was developed to aid production design engineers in designing a new ship’s hull block model from that of a similar ship previously built,based on AVEVA Marine.An automation system that uses the similar ship’s hull block model is proposed to reduce M/H and human errors by the production design engineer.First,scheme files holding important information were constructed in a database to automatically update hull block model modifications.Second,for batch updates,the database’s table,including building specifications and the referential integrity of a relational database were compared.In particular,this study focused on reflecting the frequent modification of building specifications and regeneration of boundary information of the adjacent panel due to changes in a specific panel.Third,the rollback function is proposed in which the database (DB) is used to return to the previously designed panels.     

基于知识库的船舶结构设计系统研发

基于船舶结构构件知识表达与组织机构的研究,结合数字化设计技术与 RPD 开发思想,提出支持快速设计的结构模型库的概念及其组织结构。利用知识表达建立 船舶的类型库,以模型库来封装船体结构数字设计功能,用分布式数据库管理船舶信息,并 以此开发了原型软件系统,实现了全船结构三维实体模型的快速设计和修改,通过一艘实船 模型的建立得到了验证。     

基于当前基线垂直落差最大化的凸壳递归新算法

本文依据同构化凸壳构造基本定理,率先发现并证明了凸壳顶点的分布域性态与垂直落差特性;首次给出当前基线垂直落差最大化的二维点集凸壳算法构造创新思想,提出了比迄今最优秀凸壳算法之一的快凸壳算法效率更高的、基于当前垂直落差最大化的凸壳递归新算法,指出了它具有进一步改造为并行算法的潜力.该新算法的主要特点是:1)找出初始点分布域的所有最外点(其个数,下限为3,上限为8),作为所求凸壳的初始顶点.2)删除这些最外点所构成最外点凸多边形(其边数,下限为3,上限为8)所覆盖的凸壳内点后,把所剩点分布域,分为若干个初始子分布域(其个数,下限为0,上限为4).3) ①对各个非空初始子分布域顺次调用本新算法的递归过程子算法,分别在各初始子分布域中找出其当前基线垂直落差最大点(其个数,下限为1,上限为2),并作为其各初始子分布域内凸壳的新顶点;②删除当前基线与垂直落差最大点所构成基线凸多边形(其边数,下限为3,上限为4)内的凸壳内点后,把所剩点分布域,分为多个更小的子分布域(其个数,下限为0,上限为2);③对各个更小的当前子分布域,分别递归调用过程子算法,以找出其当前基线的垂直落差最大点作为凸壳新顶点.     

Integration of evolutional BOMs for design of ship outfitting equipment

PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) as well as enterprise information systems commonly use the BOM (Bill of Material) as a means of communication during product development. BOM has been used for product design, production scheduling, procurement, manufacturing and maintenance as it contains the part list of a subassembly or assembly product. BOM currently plays a key role in the PLM environment because it is an essential product information platform in the industry. In practice, product data should be arranged based on the BOM and product structure. Many shipyards or PLM vendors have attempted to develop a PLM adequate for shipbuilding. However, it is always the premise of the successful PLM implementation to prepare the efficient product structure and BOM.This paper suggests an enterprise BOM which addresses the hierarchy of parts and assembly, product structure and product information of outfitting equipment in marine vessel design. In order to express the evolution of product structures and outfitting information during the ship design, the enterprise BOM is modeled by the structure BOM and the display BOM. Concepts are developed for modeling all levels of product relations with a uniform set of relationships supported by the enterprise BOM. It is shown that the architecture of the structure BOM can be used to define the relationships between assemblies, parts, and a multi-view of an evolutional BOM in ship design. The architecture of the outfitting BOM is also presented using an example of a piping system.     

论二维点集或线段集凸壳生成算法改进与优化的同构化方向

本文指出了迄今为止的现行二维点集或线段集（包括：多边形、封闭折线、半封闭折线、开放线段集等）凸壳生成算法的共同弱点;提出了可改进与优化凸壳算法的同构化凸壳构造基本定理。进而,基于同构化凸壳构造基本定理,阐明了有限二维点集或线段集凸壳生成算法改进与优化的同构化方向,应当是：第一,使凸壳极点（或称顶点）分布域极小化,即让包含凸壳极点的判定区域尽可能小;使极点判定对象直接化,即让所判定对象尽可能接近当前所寻极点。第二,尽力对有可改造潜力的优秀串行凸壳算法施以并行化改造和创新。     

船舶高能搁浅外部动力学的数值仿真研究

基于Simonsen的假设,提出了船舶高能搁浅外部动力学的简化计算公式,并对船舶高能搁浅外部动力学过程进行了数值仿真研究。研究表明,在船舶高能搁浅动力学过程中,有相当部分的初动能转化为旋转形式的动能,包括纵摇、横摇和艏摇;不同于某些船舶碰撞问题,摩擦的影响不能忽略不计;对于船艏高能搁浅的情况,损伤路径会向船体外侧偏离,船舶与礁石之间的接触由剧烈的冲击逐渐过度到侧向挤压和滑动摩擦;相比于简化解析法,数值仿真法可以得到详细的动力学时历结果以及船体结构损伤变形图。     

Design for product experience: a study on the analepsis construction of product use

In the field of product design and development, product experience has started attracting a great deal of attention. However, assisting product designers to understand the concept of product experience, what sort of experiences they want for their products and how to include these into their design are topics that still need to be addressed. The aim of this study is to propose a design approach that begins with the use of narration and collects narration cases of product use for a specific product experience. This design approach guides designers through a four-step process, to develop a design model that fits in with the product experience. In order to better understand how this design approach works, this study takes the concept of analepsis as an example of product experience to demonstrate the process. The definition of analepsis, a term used in narratology, is “an event that took place earlier than the point in the story where we are at any given moment.” When the term is used in the product design field, it refers to use past experiences to solve current problems. This study explores the conceptual framework of the topic and proposes a product experience-orientated design model for product design, an issue that has rarely been discussed before. Directions for future research are also discussed.     

Automating the product derivation process of multi-agent systems product lines

Agent-oriented software engineering and software product lines are two promising software engineering techniques. Recent research work has been exploring their integration, namely multi-agent systems product lines (MAS-PLs), to promote reuse and variability management in the context of complex software systems. However, current product derivation approaches do not provide specific mechanisms to deal with MAS-PLs. This is essential because they typically encompass several concerns (e.g., trust, coordination, transaction, state persistence) that are constructed on the basis of heterogeneous technologies (e.g., object-oriented frameworks and platforms). In this paper, we propose the use of multi-level models to support the configuration knowledge specification and automatic product derivation of MAS-PLs. Our approach provides an agent-specific architecture model that uses abstractions and instantiation rules that are relevant to this application domain. In order to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach, we have implemented it as an extension of an existing product derivation tool, called GenArch. The approach has also been evaluated through the automatic instantiation of two MAS-PLs, demonstrating its potential and benefits to product derivation and configuration knowledge specification.     

船舶企业质量控制模型及数据仓库的构建

为有效对船舶企业产品质量进行控制和分析,针对造船企业质量信息特点,提出了基于过程质量数据仓库的多维数据模型,建立了面向主题的船舶企业质量数据仓库。并通过对OLAP数据源中抽取的数据进行转换,构建了面向产品实现全过程的企业主题数据模型,为船舶企业质量管理体系的稳步改进提供了技术保证。通过在某船舶企业的实际应用,验证了该模型和方法的合理性和有效性。