近红外光谱法测定HMX中α-HMX杂质晶型的含量

为了快速检测HMX中杂质晶型α-HMX的含量,在制备建模样品的基础上,利用近红外光谱技术,采用偏最小二乘法建立了HMX光谱与其α-HMX杂质晶型含量的计算模型。讨论了建模样品的代表性、模型光谱范围的选择及模型的优化过程。结果表明,模型具有广泛代表性,最佳光谱范围为6 476~6 446cm-1和4 602~4 424cm-1,交互验证决定系数(R2)为0.996,参考值交互验证残差均方根(RMSECV)为0.20%;外部验证的残差均方根(RMSEP)为0.27%;该法误差均小于0.13%,标准偏差为0.1%;近红外光谱法操作简单、快速、无损、绿色环保,可用于HMX中α-HMX杂质晶型含量的检测。     

近红外漫反射光谱法快速测定混合炸药中HMX的含量

建立了近红外漫反射光谱快速测定混合炸药中HMX含量的新方法。以不同谱图预处理方法与扫描谱区各波段的组合建立了HMX的定量校正模型,并通过模型内部交互验证和外部检验确定最优模型的交互验证相关系数R为0.9709,交叉验证均方根误差RMSECV为0.551%,预测标准偏差SEP为0.294%,表明所建模型具有较好的可靠性和稳健性。     

用偏光显微镜检测硝化棉的含氮量

建立了偏光显微镜测定硝化棉含氮量的新方法.采用色那蒙法测定了平均光程差.结果表明,当硝化棉含氮量为11.0%～13.8%时,光程差与含氮量线性相关,线性回归方程为ω＝-0.0466λ+12.388,线性相关系数R＝0.9993.用硝化棉标准物质对新方法检测结果进行了验证,回收率为99.7%～100.2%,变异系数为0....     

近红外漫反射光谱法快速测定混合炸药组分含量

研究了近红外漫反射技术快速测定混合炸药组分含量的新方法.以偏最小二乘法建立了混合炸药中HMX(A)、复合黏结剂(氟橡胶B 塑料C)、聚四氟乙烯(D)、石蜡(E)5个组分的定标模型,并对模型进行了内部交互验证和外部检验.结果表明,5种模型准确度和精度较高,交互验证相关系数(R)为0.931 1～0.987 4,交互验证均方根(RMSECV)为0.100 ～0.582,预测标准偏差(SEP)为0.069～0.371;t检验也表明新方法与化学法无显著差异.新方法快速、无损,结果可靠.     

硝化棉质量差异分析及其对推进剂制品性能的影响

为了获得D级硝化棉质量差异对其理化性能和推进剂制品性能的影响规律,对4种不同厂家、不同批次硝化棉样品的“八大度”、分子质量、分子质量分布及硝化均匀性等进行了表征及分析,并制备了4种改性双基(CMDB)推进剂样品,比较了各样品力学性能及燃烧性能的差异。结果表明,4种D级硝化棉样品的“八大度”均符合国军标要求,含氮量范围为11.9%～12.1%,GPC测得数均分子质量范围为0.59×10⁵～0.73×10⁵g/mol;硝化棉含氮量小幅下降会使其安定性有所提高,但对其推进剂制品的燃烧性能影响较小;含氮量和分子质量接近时,高分子质量组分的存在会提高硝化棉稀溶液的黏度;硝化棉分子质量分布和含氮量分布均匀性降低会造成其推进剂制品-40℃拉伸强度的降低。     

近红外光谱技术快速测定手洗餐具洗涤剂中总活性物

文章研究了近红外光谱技术在手洗餐具洗涤剂中总活性物含量的检测应用.以国标化学法检测值为参照,采用近红外光谱技术采集了手洗餐具洗涤剂近红外光谱图,通过一阶导数对谱图进行优化,结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了总活性物含量的定量校正模型,模型交叉检验均方根误差(RMSEVC)为0.101,残差预测偏差(RPD)为4.7,模型...     

硝化棉含氮量测定方法的研究

使用意大利ＣＡＲＬＯＥＲＢＡ公司生产的ＮＡ－１５００元素分析仪，研究了硝化棉含氮量的测定方法，并与五管法和干涉仪法进行对比实验，元素分析法是测定硝化棉含氮量的一种很好的方法。     

硝化体系及精制棉干燥处理对硝化棉含氮量均匀性的影响

将不同预处理方法得到的精制棉在普通硝硫混酸体系和绿色无硫硝化体系(HNO3/CH2Cl2)中进行硝化,采用偏光显微镜研究了产物硝化的均匀性。结果表明,改变原料棉纤维素处理方法,产物硝化的均匀性有较明显的变化,对原料棉纤维素进行干燥处理后,硝化产物性能有较明显的变化,适当含有水分的棉纤维素干燥处理后,由于角质化作用,制得的硝化棉(NC)含氮量和硝化均匀性比干燥处理前均有所降低;含氮量不同,产品的硝化均匀性有规律性变化,在中含氮量(如12%)时,NC的均匀性比含氮量为13%或11%的硝化棉好。     

人造革基布纤维含量近红外光谱法专属定量分析模型的建立

研究了近红外光谱法在人造革基布纤维含量定量分析中的应用。通过分析样品近红外光谱的主成分,选择校正和验证样品集,选用偏最小二乘法(PLS),建立人造革基布纤维含量专属定量分析模型。结果表明:在9 017.5~4 396.9 cm~(-1)的波数范围内,选用9个主成分数建立了专属定量分析模型,模型的校正均方根误差(RMSEC)为0.678、相关系数(R_c~2)为0.999 5;预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.705、相关系数(R_v~2)为0.998 9,残差范围为-1.5~1.4;专属定量分析模型具有较好的预测准确性和方法重复性,可实现人造革基布纤维含量的快速测定。     

近红外漫反射光谱快速分析混合含能材料中黑索金含量

建立了基于近红外漫反射光谱快速检测某固态含能混合材料中黑索金(RDX)的方法。采集与制备样本共159批次。对比各纯组分光谱确定预选波段。与光谱预处理方法随机组合建立各种偏最小二乘模型。交叉检验均方根误差(RMSECV)、RMSECV/维数曲线确定最优模型。对最优模型评估表明,预测标准差0.50,平均绝对偏差0.41,子模型一致性好,说明方法较准确;残留预测偏差4.20,说明该方法对质量分数为50%～60%的样品具较好分辨力;t检验显示,两方法无显著性系统误差;该方法重复测量精确性优于化学法。两方法相比,该方法精确性更好,环保,节省人力、材料成本。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。