官能化超高相对分子质量聚乙烯的制备和表征

用60Coγ射线辐照方法,将丙烯酸(AA)单体接枝到超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PEUHMW)分子链上。提出了接枝反应的机理。研究了单体浓度、辐照剂量及辐照时间对接枝率的影响。应用FTIR和DSC对接枝共聚物的结构及热性能进行了表征,用化学滴定法测定了接枝共聚物的接枝率。结果表明:接枝物在1716cm-1处有明显的羰基峰,说明AA分子确实接枝到PEUHMW分子链上,接枝率随单体浓度、预辐照剂量及辐照时间的增加而上升。     

HDPE-g-GMA对PA6/UHMWPE共混物性能的影响

采用自制甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-GMA)作为增容剂来增容尼龙6/超高分子量聚乙烯(PA6/UHMWPE)共混物。通过Molau试验、红外光谱分析、扫描电子显微镜观察和物理力学性能测试,研究了HDPE-g-GMA在熔融共混过程中对PA6/UHMWPE共混物的增容作用。结果表明,HDPE-g-GMA与PA6发生化学反应所生成的接枝聚合物对PA6/UHMWPE共混物有较好的增容作用;PA6/UHMWPE共混物的界面形态和力学性能均有较大改善．吸水率也有所降低。     

HDPE-g-MAH制备及其对PA6/UHMWPE改性

介绍了采用溶液法制备马来酸酣接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-MAH)接枝物，研究了引发剂和单体的用量与接枝率的关系，由Molau试验证实，HDPE-g-MAH对PA6／UHMWPE共混体系有较好的增容作用。当接枝率在0.5％～1.5％时，对共混体系的吸水性能有明显的改进。     

EAA对PA6/UHMWPE力学及摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用双螺杆挤出机制备尼龙6(PA6)/超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)和PA6/UHMWPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)共混物,考察共混物的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,用扫描电镜观察和分析共混物结构及磨损表面形貌。结果表明:在PA6中只加入UHMWPE时,PA6的力学性能有所降低;再加入EAA后,共混物的相容性得到改善,力学性能提高,摩擦磨损性能也得以改善。当EAA的用量为4份时,共混物的摩擦磨损性能最好,摩擦因数从纯PA6的0.48降到了0.34,磨损率降低了75%;当EAA的用量为6份时,共混物的摩擦因数增加,磨损率也略有增大。     

(PA1010/66)/SEBS-g-MAH/DIDP/BSBA共混物的制备与性能研究

将尼龙(PA)1010盐和PA66盐按照质量比为9∶1的比例制备了PA1010/66共聚物。选择(苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯)共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)和两种小分子增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、N-丁基苯磺酰胺(D IDP、BSBA),采用共混挤出法制备了(PA1010/66)/SEBS-g-MAH/D IDP/BSBA共混物,并对其力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加,共混物的冲击强度明显提高。当SEBS-g-MAH质量分数为15%时,其缺口冲击强度为72.7 kJ/m2,是PA1010/66共聚物的16倍左右;拉伸强度保持率是PA1010/66共聚物的83%左右。通过SEM研究发现,SEBS-g-MAH对PA1010/66共聚物的增韧机理为银纹剪切带增韧机理。     

PA11/PA1010共混物的性能研究

采用熔体共混的方法制备了聚酰胺11/聚酰胺1010(PA11/PA1010)共混物,通过力学性能和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了PA11/PA1010共混物的力学与结晶性能。测试结果表明:PA1010对PA11同时具有增韧、增强作用;当PA11/PA1010为70/30时,共混物开始出现两个结晶峰和低温熔融峰;共混物的结晶和熔融以PA11为主,兼具有PA11和PA1010的优良性能;断裂伸长率、拉伸强度与缺口冲击强度均达到极大值。     

HDPE-g-GMA反应性增容PA66/UHMWPE共混合金性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-GMA)作为聚酰胺66/超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(PA66/UHMWPE)共混合金的增容剂,采用熔融法制备了PA66/uHMwPE/HDPE-g-GMA共混合金.通过Molau试验、SEM观察和力学性能测试,研究了HDPE-g-GMA在熔融共混过程中对PA66/UHMWPE共混合金的增容作用.结果表明:HDPE-g-GMA与PA66发生了化学反应,所生成的接枝共聚物对PA66/UHMWPE共混合金有较好的增容作用;PA66/UHMWPE共混合金的界面形态和力学性能均有较大改善,吸水率也有所降低.     

界面改性PA6/TPE共混物的形态结构与性能

通过控制马来酸酐(MAH)的用量制得不同接枝率的马来酸酐接枝热塑性弹性体(TPE-g-MAH),利用其与尼龙6(PA6)在共混过程中的反应增容作用,实现了与PA6的相容共混,并研究了PA6/TPE共混物的结构与性能。结果表明,TPE-g-MAH可有效地提高PA6/TPE共混物的韧性,且随着其接枝率的增加,共混物的韧性提高;TPE-g-MAH有效地改善了PA6/TPE共混物的界面相容性,并且随着其含量的增加,相界面增容效果变好。     

HDPE三单体固相接枝物的制备及其对PA6/UHMWPE的改性研究

通过马来酸酐(MAH)、苯乙烯(St)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)多单体固相接枝法对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行接枝改性,制得了增容剂HDPE-g-(MAH/St/BA)。研究发现,接枝率与反应时间、温度、HDPE/单体比及引发剂(BPO)用量有关;HDPE-g-(MAH/St/BA)对聚酰胺6/超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(PA6/UHMWPE)共混物有很好的增容作用,加入HDPE-g-(MAH/St/BA)后,复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能得到改善。     

相容剂和加工工艺对PA1010/PP共混体系形态和力学性能的影响

以马来酸酐（MAH）和苯乙烯（St）多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(MAH-co-St）]为相容剂,制备了聚酰胺10101/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混体系。用毛细管流变仪、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试等方法研究了和加工工艺相容剂对PA1010/PP共混体系的形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明,相容剂PP-g-(MAH-co-St)有效降低了PA1010/PP共混体系的熔体流动速率;该共混体系熔体属于假塑性流体,熔体黏度随PP-g-(MAH-co-St)含量的增加逐渐增大;随着相容剂含量的增加,PA1010/PP共混体系中分散相PP的粒径逐步减小,力学性能得到改善,PA1010/PP/PP-g-(MAH-co-St)为70/25/5和70/20/10的共混体系的拉伸强度分别比PA1010/PP (70/30)共混体系提高了55.0 %和61.9 %,冲击强度分别提高了61.0 %和129.7 %;剪切速率为706.5 s-1时出现熔体破裂现象,剪切速率为5002.65 s-1时出现严重熔体破裂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。