官能化超高相对分子质量聚乙烯的制备和表征

用60Coγ射线辐照方法,将丙烯酸(AA)单体接枝到超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PEUHMW)分子链上。提出了接枝反应的机理。研究了单体浓度、辐照剂量及辐照时间对接枝率的影响。应用FTIR和DSC对接枝共聚物的结构及热性能进行了表征,用化学滴定法测定了接枝共聚物的接枝率。结果表明:接枝物在1716cm-1处有明显的羰基峰,说明AA分子确实接枝到PEUHMW分子链上,接枝率随单体浓度、预辐照剂量及辐照时间的增加而上升。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯/聚丙烯共混物研究进展

回顾了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)与聚丙烯(PP)共混物的研究进展.介绍了PE-UHMW/PP共混物的制备方法,性能(加工流变性能、力学性能、摩擦磨损性能)及结晶和微观形态的研究现状,并展望了PE-UHMW/PP共混物的研究方向.     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯改性研究进展

综述了近年来超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)改性的研究进展。对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯的改性主要包括机械性能与加工性能两个方面。对其机械性能的改性方法包括化学改性和填充改性,加工性能的改性包括共混改性法和润滑剂改性法。     

一种超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维表面紫外辐照二步接枝法

本发明涉及一种超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维表面紫外辐照二步接枝法,将预处理后的超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维表面涂覆光敏剂,经第一接枝单体溶液浸泡后采用紫外线辐照形成表面休眠基团,或者直接照射同样可以形成表面休眠基团,再将其浸泡于第二接枝单体溶液中并经紫外光辐照或加热引发进行单体的二次表面自由基接枝反应,最后经后处理步骤即可。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯的加工技术

介绍了模压烧结，挤出，注射，固态成型加工，射频加工，反应成型等UHMWPE（超高相对分子质量聚乙烯）的加工方法，并指出了各种方法的优缺点。     

丙烯酸接枝聚乙烯增容LLDPE／淀粉共混体系研究

就丙烯酸接枝ＬＬＤＰＥ对ＬＬＤＰＥ／淀粉可生物降解共混体系力学性能的影响进行了研究,并对其与接枝改性淀粉的配合增容作用作了进一步探索。结果表明丙烯酸接枝ＬＬＤＰＥ可以明显提高ＬＬＤＰＥ和淀粉的相容性,共混体系拉伸强度可达１０．３５ＭＰａ,伸长率达１００％。此外,研究表明脲对提高体系拉伸强度有所帮助,但导致伸长率下降。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯的研究进展

综述了近年来超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)的研究状况。Ziegler-Natta催化剂中的组分不同,用其制备的UHMWPE的相对分子质量不同,且随反应温度的提高,UHMWPE的相对分子质量降低,而提高反应压力可使UHMWPE的相对分子质量增加。非Ziegler-Natta催化剂体系中配体结构或活性中心不同,用其制备的UHMWPE的相对分子质量及其分布以及颗粒形态不同。结合我国实际情况,在引进国外先进经验和技术的同时,应加大对催化剂和适合加工产品需要的加工设备及技术的研发。     

γ射线辐照交联改性超高相对分子质量聚乙烯的研究

采用单螺杆挤出机制备了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)板材,并用不同剂量的γ射线对其进行辐照交联,分析不同辐照剂量和辐照后处理对其力学性能、耐热性能、摩擦磨损性能等的影响。结果表明,在一定的辐照剂量下,γ射线辐照交联可以提高PE-UHMW的凝胶率、熔点、结晶度、拉伸强度、表面硬度、热变形温度和耐磨性能;当辐照剂量为150kGy时,PE-UHMW的热变形温度提高了近40℃;但辐照交联降低了PE-UHMW的塑性,使材料的断裂伸长率降低;重新熔融后处理可以进一步提高材料的凝胶率,改善其塑性,但材料的熔点、结晶度、表面硬度、拉伸强度有所降低。     

聚乙烯辐射接枝丙烯酸的研究

利用直接辐射接枝法将丙烯酸接枝于聚乙烯膜可改善其性质,在体系中加入适量阻聚剂可使接枝反应顺利进行,加入无机酸可促进接枝反应,基材的结晶度和厚度对接枝反应有很大影响。此外,还利用红外技术定性定量表征了接枝物,并用扫描电镜观察了接枝物的形态。     

紫外辐照交联对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维凝胶含量的影响

通过浸渍的方法将交联剂和光敏剂引入超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维内部 ,然后将纤维置于紫外辐照装置中进行辐照交联。讨论了光照气氛、纤维状态、交联剂、浸渍溶剂及光照时间对纤维凝胶含量的影响。结果表明 :聚乙烯纤维的凝胶含量在空气中辐照交联较氮气中低 ,紧张状态下较非紧张状态下低 ,交联剂二丙烯基乙二醇三丙烯酸酯 ( TPGDA)较三羟基丙烷三丙烯酸酯 ( TMPTA)低 ,二甲苯溶液较丙酮溶液低 ,且凝胶含量随辐照时间的增加而增加。     

Preparation and characterization of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and polyisoprene solvent-cast blend films

This study covers the preparation of noncrosslinked and crosslinked solvent-cast blend films of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyisoprene rubber (PIR) and their mechanical, thermal, IR spectroscopic, and morphological characterizations. Solvent-cast films of polymer blends with 0, 10, 20, 35, 50, and 65% PIR composition were prepared by vigorous stirring from a hot decalin solution. The films were crosslinked chemically by using acetophenone as a crosslinking agent under UV radiation. The mechanical properties, measured as ultimate properties and tensile modulus, were found to decrease with PIR content but crosslinking was found to enhance the ultimate strength and tensile modulus. DSC results revealed that melting point of UHMWPE remains almost constant in blends. However, upon crosslinking, the melting point of UHMWPE is depressed almost 5°C. We observed a similar trend in the enthalpy change of the melting of UHMWPE and the variation of percent crystallinity in UHMWPE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies on the fractured surfaces of the blends showed that the fibrillar texture is present in both crosslinked and noncrosslinked blends. The crosslinking appeared to be through oxygen linkages, which are preferentially conjugated to double bonds, in addition to the possible carbon–carbon crosslinks. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1619–1630, 1998     

Wetting of oriented and etched ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

Highly oriented gel‐spun ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers possess many outstanding properties desirable for composite materials but their adhesion to such matrices as epoxy is poor. This article describes the combined effects of drawing and surface modification on the bulk and surface properties of gel‐cast UHMWPE films emphasizing the effects of etching on both undrawn and drawn films. Drawing the films yields a fibrillar structural hierarchy similar to UHMWPE fibers and a significant increase in orientation, melting point, modulus, and strength. The effects of drawing on bulk properties were more significant than those of etching. The poor adhesion of epoxy to the smooth, fibrillar, and relatively nonpolar drawn film surface improves significantly with oxidization and roughening on etching. The interlaminar shear failure occurred cohesively in the UHMWPE, and thus the interlaminar shear failure strength was greater for the drawn UHMWPE with its greater tensile strength. Nitrogen plasma etching yielded the best results, both removing any low molecular weight surface layer and etching the UHMWPE beneath. Oxygen plasma etching enhanced wetting but was too harsh, causing extensive surface degradation and a significant reduction in mechanical properties. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 405–418, 1999     

Viscous behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene solution

The viscous behavior of the decalin solution of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMEPE) was studied. The influence of the concentration of polymer as well as the temperature was investigated. The flow curve can be described by the power-law model. The dependence of the viscosity on the temperature can be described by the Arrhenius–Frenkel–Eyring equation. The dependence of viscosity on the concentration can also be described by a power-law correlation. The addition of aluminum stearate increased the activation energy of flow of the solution. The viscosity of UHMWPE solution was decreased at lower concentration and increased at higher concentration of UHMWPE. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:289–293, 1997     

超高分子量聚乙烯树脂的溶胀性的检测分析

通过上海化工研究院设计的在线检测装置对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)溶胀过程中的温度、黏度进行测试,形成了UHMWPE树脂溶胀工艺的检测方法,对黏均分子量分别为3.261×106(A),3.833×106(B),3.455×106(C)3种不同树脂的溶胀温度、溶胀时间、溶胀比等参数进行了分析。结果表明:A,B,C树脂的溶胀温度分别为121,120,119℃;对溶胀釜加热系统设定统一温度,釜内温度达120℃时,A,B,C树脂的溶胀时间分别为60,30,3 min,溶胀比分别为2.37,2.51,2.31。     

Dialysis membranes from polyethylene films grafted with acrylic acid

Low‐density polyethylene‐g‐poly(acrylic acid) membranes were prepared by the direct radiation grafting of aqueous acrylic acid solutions (containing Mohr's salt) onto low‐density polyethylene films and were irradiated at two different irradiation doses (2 and 3 Mrad) at a dose rate of 0.02 Mrad/h. Two series of polyethylene‐g‐poly(acrylic acid) membranes with 100 and 150% grafting were obtained. The free carboxylic acid groups in the grafted films were converted into the corresponding acrylates by reactions with different metal salts. The swelling (water uptake) and dialysis permeability of glucose and urea through the grafted membranes in different metal‐ion forms were investigated. The prepared membranes showed good permeability to both solutes, which increased as the hydrophilicity of the membrane increased. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 10–14, 2004     

A conducting composite of polypyrrole with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene foam

Through a chemical polymerization of pyrrole inside ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) foam, a conducting polymer composite was obtained. To produce conductive polymer foams, successive imbibiting of reactives, FeCl₃ and pyrrole in tetrahydrofuran solutions, were carried out. The conductive polymeric materials were characterized by FTIR, DSC, and SEM. Mechanical property measurements were carried out on the films prepared by the compression molding of the conductive foam polymers. These films showed rather high tensile strength compared to pure UHMWPE. Conductivity determined by a two‐probe technique showed that it increased with the pyrrole content in the UHMWPE foam matrix. The compression molding, however, resulted in a considerable reduction in the conductivities. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1843–1850, 1999     

Impact behavior of phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone)/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene blends

This work presents the structure and impact properties of phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone) blended with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (PES-C/UHMWPE) at different compositions. The addition of UHMWPE can considerably improve the Charpy and Izod impact strength of the blends. The fracture surface is examined to demonstrate the toughening mechanics related to the modified PES-C resin. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 113–118, 1998     

Graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate onto radiation‐peroxidized ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of metallic salt and acid

Using a radiation peroxide grafting technique, a ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) stored at room temperature for 10 days after irradiation in air was graft copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of metallic salt and acid. The MMA‐grafted UHMWPE samples were analyzed by measuring Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR) and by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) technique was utilized to evaluate the concentration of peroxide formed in the peroxidized UHMWPE samples by counting the quantity of DPPH consumed from the reaction of peroxide radicals with DPPH. It was shown that the inclusion of an FeSO₄ ·7H₂O and sulfuric acid in MMA grafting solutions was extremely beneficial and led to a most unusual synergistic effect in the radiation‐peroxidized grafting. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 659–666, 1999     

The grafting of methyl methacrylate onto ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber by plasma and UV treatment

In this study, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were treated with a gas plasma of argon for 5 min. The plasma-treated UHMWPE fibers were put into a methyl methacrylate solution with n-hexane or chloroform as the solvent and irradiated with a UV lamp. The UV irradiation time was changed. The surface topography that had a significant change on the fiber was seen by scanning electron microscopy. Infrared spectra (IR) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) were also studied to probe the surface atomic chemistry and to identify the functional groups and their relative changes with treatment conditions. The grafting content was estimated by the titration of esterfication method. It was found that the grafting amount for the system with chloroform as the solvent is larger than that for the system with n-hexane as the solvent. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:365–371, 1997