桔子精油优化鱼鳞明胶膜性能的作用研究

为改善鱼鳞明胶膜的性能,测定添加明胶质量的0%、25%、50%、75%、100%桔子精油的可食膜的厚度、机械性能、水溶性、水蒸汽透过率、色泽、透明度和透光率、热性能、红外光谱和抑菌活性。结果表明:随着精油浓度的增加,鱼鳞明胶膜的厚度、断裂伸长率增加,拉伸强度、透光率、水溶性降低,水蒸汽透过率呈现先增加后降低的趋势;差示扫描量热法(DSC)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析结果表明,鱼鳞明胶分子与桔子精油的部分成分发生相互作用,在一定程度上改善了明胶膜的热稳定性;桔子精油的添加还赋予了鱼鳞明胶膜抑菌作用。综合评价得出75%质量浓度的桔子精油添加量对鱼鳞明胶膜各项性能优化效果最好,本实验结果可为生产高性能的鱼鳞明胶膜提供理论基础。     

海藻酸/明胶共混纤维的制备与应用

海藻酸/明胶共混纤维具有较高的生理活性、优良的物理性能、良好的止血性和高吸湿率,用于伤口敷料.主要论述了海藻酸/明胶共混纤维的成纤机理、纺丝工艺过程和它作为伤口敷料的应用.     

添加麝香草酚和丁香油的马铃薯淀粉基抗菌膜的制备及性能研究

以马铃薯淀粉、普鲁兰多糖、明胶为成膜物质,甘油为增塑剂,氯化钙为交联剂,采用流延法制备马铃薯淀粉基复合膜,研究了抗菌剂麝香草酚和丁香油对复合膜性能的影响。结果表明:麝香草酚和丁香油能够显著影响复合膜的机械性能,增加复合膜的水蒸气透过率和水溶性,降低复合膜的透光率。添加抗菌剂的复合膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较强的抑制作用,随着抗菌剂含量的增加,复合膜的抗菌作用逐渐增强,且添加两种抗菌剂的复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用均强于对大肠杆菌的抑制作用。     

Physico-chemical and film-forming properties of bovine-hide and tuna-skin gelatin: A comparative study

A bovine-hide gelatin and a tuna-skin gelatin, both characterized on the basis of their amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution, were used to prepare edible films by casting with glycerol and sorbitol added as plasticizers. The molecular weight distribution of the tuna-skin gelatin exhibited appreciably higher quantities of β-components (covalently linked α-chain dimers), whereas bovine-hide gelatin showed a certain degradation of α₁-chains being indicative of a greater proteolysis. Intrinsic differences in the gelatin attributes affected in diverse manner some of the physical properties of the films. Thus, water vapour permeability was higher in the bovine-hide gelatin film, whereas deformability was considerably higher (10 times higher) in the tuna-skin gelatin film. In contrast, breaking force and water solubility were basically unaffected by gelatin origin. Analysis of the thermal properties revealed both films to be wholly amorphous with similar glass transition temperature values thanks to the plasticizing effects of the glycerol and sorbitol and the low moisture contents.     

Antimicrobial Activity of Thyme (Tymus vulgaris) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oils against Some Food-borne Microorganisms

The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial effects of oregano and thyme essential oils (EOs) on some food-borne bacteria. GC-MS analysis of EOs was performed in order to determine their composition and phenols were predominant constituents. The investigation of the antibacterial effects of EOs was performed on Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Thyphimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, and MICs were determined by broth microdilution method. EOs exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms.     

Genipin交联明胶/溶菌酶缓释抗菌膜材料的微结构与性能研究

针对亲水明胶膜材料对抗菌剂缓释能力较差的问题,采用生物交联剂(genipin)调节膜材料微结构,制备出新型控释明胶/溶菌酶复合膜材料。系统研究了复合膜材料的力学性能、水汽阻隔性能、膨胀性和热性质等物理性能,并用AFM研究了膜材料的表面微结构,探讨了其结构-性能之间的关系。结果表明:genipin交联显著改善复合膜材料的力学性能,TS值从9.72 MPa逐渐增加至18.80 MPa;复合膜材料的膨胀度(swelling)随genipin浓度增加急剧下降,从1316%降至~200%;genipin交联提升复合膜材料的热稳定性。复合膜材的表面粗糙度依赖于genipin浓度,在低浓度段(0~1.0%),膜材料呈现平整表面微结构;高浓度(2.0%)时,膜表面出现不规则的突起,变得粗糙。适度的genipin交联有助于形成有序的三维网络结构,改善复合膜材料的物理性能;高浓度的genipin过度交联明胶基质,形成团聚状聚集物,及弱化明胶分子间相互作用,进而弱化膜材料的水汽阻隔能力。     

纳米纤维基单向导湿抗菌敷料的制备及其性能

针对现有湿性敷料易滋生细菌并在创伤处形成积液的问题,以力学性能优良的聚氨酯(PU)、亲水性聚丙烯腈和超吸水性的聚丙烯酸钠为基材,以聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐(PHGC)为抗菌剂,采用静电纺丝法制备出由纤维尺寸不同的亲水外层和疏水内层组成的纳米纤维基双层敷料,探究疏水层厚度对双层敷料单向导湿效果的影响,并分析敷料结构与性能之间的关系。结果表明:当PU内层膜纺丝时间为1 h时,所制备的双层敷料可在3.9 s内由内向外单向传输液体,此时敷料的吸水率高达1 230%,透气率约为 6.7 mm/s,透湿率约为1 350 g/(m²·d),断裂强度为 6.5 MPa,断裂伸长率为45%;PU内层膜中添加0.06%的PHGC可使敷料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到95%以上,无细胞毒性且具备较低的细胞黏附性能。     

明胶对纸浆性能影响的研究

详细研究了明胶对草浆性能的影响,考察了它对纸页物理强度及其对浆料助留和助滤的影响.试验结果表明,明胶加入浆中,使得浆料Zeta电位升高,在合适条件下对草浆的留着和强度性能有很好的改善,然而明胶对浆料滤水性有很大影响.为以后进一步研究明胶在造纸中的应用打下基础.     

铬革屑酶法提取胶原蛋白制备高分子量产物--Ⅱ.凝胶的改性

铬饼中的凝胶在酶化后交联得到的产物有较好的物性.改性后的凝胶强度、熔点、粘性和凝胶温度都更高.在测定了该产物的其它特性（如发泡性和胶粘性）和分子量分布可以进一步确定它的物性.已经有文献报道过酶化改性后的具有交联特性的各种蛋白用于食品工业中.同时也发现,酶化法改性后的凝胶分子量会增加,尤其对提高质量较差的凝胶特性效果显著.回收后的一系列改性蛋白可以广泛用于各种产品中,包括粘合剂,化妆品,胶片,胶囊和肥料中以及在革产品中作为重要的涂层或填充材料.     

转谷氨酰胺酶(mTG)改性明胶的物理性质研究

用来源于微生物的转谷氨酰胺酶（mTG）对不同品级和不同类型的明胶进行改性,并考察了改性产物的物理性质与酶用量的关系。结果表明：随着酶用量的增加,低强度明胶改性产物的凝胶强度有所提高,而高强度明胶改性产物的凝胶强度保持不变甚至有所降低;所有改性明胶的熔点都随酶用量的增加而提高,有些甚至达到90℃;所有改性产物在60℃时的粘度都随酶用量的增加而提高;改性产物的凝胶温度不仅受酶用量的影响,而且与明胶的品级和种类有关。这一实验结果显示出源自微生物的转谷氨酰胺酶在提高低品级明胶的使用性能及更充分利用制革废弃物等方面都有广阔的应用前景。     

明胶-溶菌酶/ZnO纳米复合抗菌膜材料构建与性能

本研究以温敏性的明胶为基材同时包埋有机/无机抗菌剂,企图实现抗菌剂的协同增效,扩大材料的抗菌谱,并系统研究抗菌材料表面结构、机械与阻隔性能随抗菌剂种类及计量的演变规律。溶菌酶/纳米氧化锌-明胶膜材料具有选择吸光性,在紫外区域有明显吸收峰,而在可见光区域透光率超过90%。溶菌酶/纳米氧化锌具有协同增效,扩大膜材料的抗菌谱,相对荷载溶菌酶或纳米氧化锌的膜材料,复合抗菌剂膜对大肠杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌具有更强的抗菌效果。荷载溶菌酶或纳米氧化锌不改变明胶膜材料的表面微结构,两者在成膜及膜基质中的相互作用形成异质的膜表面,并影响蛋白网络结构,弱化膜材料的水汽及氧气阻隔性能。本研究为新型有机/无机复合抗菌膜材料开发提供理论依据。     

Preparation and functional properties of fish gelatin–chitosan blend edible films

With the goal of improving the physico-chemical performance of fish gelatin-based films, composite films were prepared with increasing concentrations of chitosan (Ch) (100G:0Ch, 80G:20Ch, 70G:30Ch, 60G:40Ch and 0G:100Ch, gelatin:Ch), and some of their main physical and functional properties were characterised. The results indicated that the addition of Ch caused significant increase (p < 0.05) in the tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus, leading to stronger films as compared with gelatin film, but significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the elongation at break. Ch drastically reduced the water vapour permeability (WVP) and solubility of gelatin films, as this decline for the blend film with a 60:40 ratio has been of about 50% (p < 0.05). The light barrier measurements present low values of transparency at 600 nm of the gelatin–chitosan films, indicating that films are very transparent while they have excellent barrier properties against UV light. The structural properties investigated by FTIR and DSC showed a clear interaction between fish gelatin and Ch, forming a new material with enhanced mechanical properties.     

Physico-chemical and film forming properties of giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) gelatin

Giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) inner and outer tunics were subjected to hydrolysis with pepsin prior to gelatin extraction (G1 gelatin) by a mild-acid procedure. Furthermore, a second gelatin extraction (G2 gelatin) was done using the collagenous residues that remained from the first extraction. Pepsin allows the collagen solubilisation and the extraction yield to increase by yielding extracts high in α-chains. G1 exhibited good gel forming ability but G2 showed poor viscoelastic behaviour and low gel strength, in agreement with the results for the molecular weight distribution, which showed a considerably higher content of low molecular weight components. In spite of these differences, both G1 and G2 showed good filmogenic ability and similar properties were found including the absence of colour, opacity, low water vapour permeability and high puncture deformation. Nevertheless, films made from G1 had a higher puncture force than films made from G2 as a result of the different molecular weight distribution.     

pH和双醛淀粉对罗非鱼鱼皮明胶膜性质的影响

考察了pH和双醛淀粉（DAS）对鱼皮明胶膜的机械性能和耐水性能的影响。结果表明,随着pH的升高,明胶膜的抗拉伸强度（TS）呈现先增加后降低的趋势,pH7时达到最大值（23.78MPa）,而膜的固形物溶解率（MS）和蛋白溶解率（PS）逐渐下降。当明胶膜添加了DAS后,膜的TS显著增大（p<0.05）,而MS和PS都显著下降（p<0.05）。另一方面,在pH7下,添加1.5%的DAS可有效提高膜的机械性能和耐水性能。SDS-PAGE分析结果表明,在成膜过程中pH对明胶蛋白组分没有产生明显的影响,DAS与明胶蛋白之间发生了交联反应。      

转谷氨酰胺酶(mTG)改性明胶可食性薄膜的制备

以转谷氨酰胺酶（mTG）改性明胶为基料、丙三醇为增塑剂制备可食性食品包装薄膜。研究了mTG、丙三醇的添加量以及膜的成型方法对产品的抗张强度、最大伸长率、韧性、水溶性、吸水性等物理机械性能的影响;筛选出了最佳工艺条件。