Salivary proteins associated with periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The objective of this study was to investigate the salivary proteins that are associated with periodontitis in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Volunteers for the study were patients from the Diabetic Unit, University of Malaya Medical Centre, whose periodontal status was determined. The diabetic volunteers were divided into two groups, i.e., patients with periodontitis and those who were periodontally healthy. Saliva samples were collected and treated with 10% TCA/acetone/20 mM DTT to precipitate the proteins, which were then separated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel images were scanned using the GS-800(TM) Calibrated Densitometer. The protein spots were analyzed and expressed in percentage volumes. The percentage volume of each protein spot was subjected to Mann-Whitney statistical analysis using SPSS software and false discovery rate correction. When the expression of the salivary proteins was compared between the T2DM patients with periodontitis with those who were periodontally healthy, seven proteins, including polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, plastin-2, actin related protein 3, leukocyte elastase inhibitor, carbonic anhydrases 6, immunoglobulin J and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, were found to be differentially expressed (p < 0.01304). This implies that the proteins may have the potential to be used as biomarkers for the prediction of T2DM patients who may be prone to periodontitis.     

Dietary patterns are associated with overweight and obesity in Mexican school-age children

In Mexico, about one third of school-age population is overweight or obese and the diet is one of the main determinants. The purpose of this study was to identify the dietary patterns of Mexican school-age children and to determine their association with the risk of overweight/obesity. This study included 8252 school-age children who participated in the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT-2006). Dietary data were collected using a 7-day Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Foods were classified into 25 groups and dietary patterns were defined by cluster analysis. Body Mass Index and prevalence of overweight/obesity were calculated. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity. Five dietary patterns were identified: Rural dietary pattern (high intake of tortilla and legumes), sweet cereal and corn dishes pattern (high intake of sugary cereals, tortilla, and maize products); diverse pattern (intake of several food groups); western pattern (high intake of sweetened beverages, fried snacks, industrial snack cakes, and sugary cereals), and whole milk and sweet pattern (high intake of whole milk and sweets). We found that children with sweet cereal and corn dishes and western dietary patterns showed an association with overweight and obesity (prevalence ratio 1.29 and 1.35, respectively, using as reference the rural dietary pattern). Patterns characterized by high intakes of sugary cereals, sweetened beverages, industrial snack, cakes, whole milk, and sweets were associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity among in Mexican school-age children.     

Low-density lipoproteins are more electronegatively charged in type 1 than in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Multifactorial etiology is involved in premature atherosclerosis related to diabetes. Most of the mechanisms that are responsible for the etiology in diabetes have remained unsolved so far. Type 1 diabetes is associated with a favorable lipid pattern and with microangiopathy, which is not true for type 2 diabetes, which is related to dyslipidemia and macroangiopathy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the degree of LDL modification related to the types of diabetes. The question is whether the LDL could be differently modified since the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is different. Thirtyone type 1 (19 male and 12 female) and thirty type 2 (18 male and 12 female) diabetic patients were included in this study. Isolated LDL was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis for diene conjugate content and for electronegativity. LDL from type 1 diabetes subjects showed the highest electrophoretic mobility (P=0.000). Instead, the diene conjugates contents were higher in the type 2 patients with HbA1c levels >8% (P=0.007). In conclusion, the increased diene content in type 2 diabetic subjects in poor glycemic control and the highest LDL mobility found in type 1 subjects show that the LDL undergoes different modifications. In type 2 patients, electronegative LDL are in a state of higher susceptibility to oxidation, whereas in type 1 subjects the finding of electronegative lipoproteins could provide an index of the relative atherogenicity of circulating LDL, especially as LDL has higher electrophoretic mobility than normal subjects.     

Dietary factors associated with lifetime asthma or hayfever diagnosis in Australian middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study

There is abundant research relevant to genetic and environmental influences on asthma and hayfever, but little is known about dietary risk factors in Australian adults. This study’s purpose was to identify dietary factors associated with lifetime asthma (AS) and asthma or hayfever (AS/HF) diagnosis in Australian middle-aged and older adults. From The 45 and Up Study baseline self-report data, this study included 156,035 adult men and women. Participants were sampled from the general population of New South Wales, Australia in 2006–2009. About 12% of participants reported ever receiving an AS diagnosis (men 10%; women 14%) and 23% reported AS/HF diagnosis (men 19%; women 26%). Following principle components factor analysis, dietary items loaded onto one of four factors for men (meats/cheese; fruits/vegetables; poultry/seafood; grains/alcohol) or five factors for women (meats; fruits/vegetables; poultry/seafood; cereal/alcohol; brown bread/cheese). Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between dietary factors and AS or AS/HF diagnosis. For men, the meats/cheese factor was positively associated with AS (AOR = adjusted odds ratio for highest versus lowest quintile = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.08, 1.28; P trend = 0.001) and AS/HF (AOR for highest versus lowest quintile = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.14, 1.29; P trend < 0.001). Poultry/seafood was also associated with AS/HF in men (AOR for highest versus lowest quintile = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.04, 1.17; P trend = 0.002). For women, significant risk factors for AS/HF included meats (AOR for highest versus lowest quintile = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.19, 1.31; P trend = 0.001), poultry/seafood (AOR for highest versus lowest quintile = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.12; P trend = 0.016), and fruits/vegetables (AOR for highest versus lowest quintile = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.02, 1.12; P trend = 0.011). In contrast, the cheese/brown bread dietary factor was protective against AS in women (AOR for highest versus lowest quintile = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.82, 0.94; P trend < 0.001). Generally, diets marked by greater intakes of meats, poultry, and seafood were associated with diagnosed AS and AS/HF. Taken together, these findings suggest that adherence to a more meat-based diet may pose risk for AS and AS/HF in Australian adults.     

Dietary patterns of adults living in Ouagadougou and their association with overweight

Background  

Urbanization in developing countries comes along with changes in food habits and living conditions and with an increase in overweight and associated health risks. The objective of the study was to describe dietary patterns of adults in Ouagadougou and to study their relationship with anthropometric status of the subjects.     

辽宁地区汉族人群中FoxO1基因rs17446614多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性

目的探讨辽宁地区汉族人群中FoxO1基因rs 17446614单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病(type 2diabetes mellitus,T2DM)的相关性。方法选取到中国医科大学附属第四医院进行体检的健康人(正常对照)366名及T2DM患者395例,采用分子量阵列技术(MassARRAY)检测FoxO1基因rs 17446614单核苷酸多态性,探讨其与T2DM的相关性。结果糖尿病组与正常对照组rs 17446614基因型均以GG纯合子为多见,分别为78.48%和84.15%,AA纯合子为少见基因型,分别为1.52%和0.27%,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。等位基因频率均以G为多见;A等位基因为少见基因型,糖尿病组和正常对照组分别为11.52%和8.06%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论辽宁地区汉族人群FoxO1基因rs 17446614中AA基因型及A等位基因可能是T2DM的易感基因。     

Dietary patterns during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study in Western China

Background

Previous research has demonstrated the association between maternal dietary patterns and gestational diabetes (GDM), but evidence in Asian populations remains limited and inconsistent. This study investigated the association between dietary patterns during early pregnancy and the risk of GDM among pregnant women in Western China.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted among 1337 pregnant women in Western China. Dietary intakes were assessed at 15–20 weeks of gestation using a validated food frequency questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance tests at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns, and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and GDM.

Results

A total of 199 women (14.9%) developed GDM. Three dietary patterns were identified, namely, a plant-based pattern, a meat-based pattern and a high protein-low starch pattern. Notwithstanding a lack of association between dietary patterns and GDM risk in the whole cohort, there was a significant reduction in GDM risk among overweight women (BMI ≥24 kg/m²); the odds ratio being 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.94) when comparing the highest versus the lowest score of the high protein-low starch pattern.

Conclusions

There was no significant association between early pregnancy dietary patterns and GDM risk later in pregnancy for women in Western China, but high protein-low starch diet was associated with lower risk for GDM among women who were overweight at pre-pregnancy.

     

D-二聚体测定在2型糖尿病血管病变中的临床分析

目的分析血浆D-二聚体与2型糖尿病血管病变的关系。方法将48例糖尿病组分为无并发症22例,有血管病变26例,并与对照组51例进行比较,采用免疫比浊法测定各组血浆D-二聚体水平。结果结果与对照组比较有血管病变组和无血管病变组,2组糖尿病病人的D-二聚体均明显生高,(P<0.01),有血管病变组较无血管病变组升高明显,2组之间有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论血浆D-二聚体的检测可能对预示糖尿病患者血管并发症的危险性有一定的临床意义。     

Effect of a low-fat diet enriched with oleic acid on postprandial lipemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a low-fat diet enriched with oleic acid to those of a low-fat diet enriched with linoleic acid on fasting lipids, postprandial lipemia, and oxidative susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In a 3-wk randomized crossover study, eight patients with type 2 DM were given an experimental low-fat diet enriched with either oleic acid or linoleic acid. The oleic-acid-enriched diet contained 5, 15, and 5% energy from saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the linoleic-acid-enriched diet contained 5, 5, and 15% energy from saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. In addition to evaluating the fasting lipids and oxidative susceptibility of LDL, we evaluated postprandial lipemia using an oral fat load at the end of each 3-wk dietary phase. There were no significant differences in fasting lipid profile or lag time of LDL oxidation between the two experimental dietary phases. The average and maximal increments of remnant-like particle (RLP) cholesterol levels during oral fat load were significantly higher after the oleic-acid-enriched dietary phase than after the linoleic-acid-enriched dietary phase. The area under the curve of RLP cholesterol was also significantly larger after the oleicacid-enriched dietary phase than after the linoleic-acid-enriched dietary phase. These results suggest that the oleic-acidenriched diet was associated with increased formation of postprandial chylomicron remnants compared with the linoleicacid-enriched diet.     

浙江省水痘减毒活疫苗上市后安全性分析

目的评价长春祁健生物制品有限公司(简称长春祁健)生产的冻干水痘减毒活疫苗(freezed-dried varicella attenuated live vaccine,Var V,以下简称水痘疫苗)在浙江省大规模使用后的安全性。方法通过全国疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)信息管理系统,收集浙江省2014~2015年报告的接种水痘疫苗后发生的AEFI个案信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果浙江省共收到369例AEFI报告,估算报告发生率为28.04/10万剂次,其中异常反应89例,估算发生率6.76/10万剂次,所有案例男女性别比1.11∶1,时间分布集中在5~8月份,不良反应中一般反应主要表现为发热、红肿、硬结等临床症状,异常反应中则以过敏性皮疹为主(68例,76.40%),60.70%发生在接种后当天,99.19%的病例均治愈或好转。结论水痘疫苗接种后不良反应以一般反应为主,异常反应发生率低,预后良好,显示长春祁健生产的水痘疫苗在浙江省具有较好的安全性。     

Bean and rice meals reduce postprandial glycemic response in adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-over study

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Around the world, beans and rice are commonly consumed together as a meal. With type 2 diabetes increasing, the effect of this traditional diet pattern on glycemic response has not been studied fully. METHODS: We evaluated the glycemic response of bean and rice traditional meals compared to rice alone in adults with type 2 diabetes. Seventeen men and women with type 2 diabetes controlled by metformin (n = 14) or diet/exercise (n = 3) aged 35-70 years participated in the randomized 4 x 4 crossover trial. The white long grain rice control, pinto beans/rice, black beans/rice, red kidney beans/rice test meals, matched for 50 grams of available carbohydrate, were consumed at breakfast after a 12 hour fast. Capillary blood glucose concentrations at baseline and at 30 minute intervals up to 180 minutes postprandial were collected. MANOVA for repeated measures established glucose differences between treatments. Paired t tests identified differences between bean types and the rice control following a significant MANOVA. RESULTS: Postprandial net glucose values were significantly lower for the three bean/rice treatments in contrast to the rice control at 90, 120 and 150 minutes. Incremental area under the curve values were significantly lower for the pinto and black bean/rice meals compared to rice alone, but not for kidney beans. CONCLUSIONS: Pinto, dark red kidney and black beans with rice attenuate the glycemic response compared to rice alone. Promotion of traditional foods may provide non-pharmaceutical management of type 2 diabetes and improve dietary adherence with cultural groups. Trial registration Clinical Trials number NCT01241253.     

Fetal erythrocyte phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids are altered in pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus

Insulin resistance and altered maternal metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may impair fetal arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status. The objectives were to test the hypothesis that fetal polyunsaturated fatty acids would be altered with GDM and identify factors related to fetal phospholipid (PL) AA and DHA. Maternal and cord vein erythrocyte PL fatty acids were determined in GDM (n=13) and healthy pregnant women (controls, n=12). Cord vein erythrocyte PL AA and DHA concentrations were significantly lower in GDM vs. controls. Maternal blood hemoglobin A₁C was inversely correlated to fetal erythrocyte PL DHA and AA in controls and GDM (n=25). Pregravid body mass index was negatively associated with fetal PL DHA. The data support the hypothesis that there is impairment in fetal accretion of DHA and AA in GDM.     

Spot Prices in Zhejiang Province,Eastern China Quoted on April 16th,2010

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Spot Prices in Zhejiang Province,Eastern China Quoted on May 14th, 2010

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Spot Prices in Zhejiang Province,Eastern China Quoted on December 17th,2010

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Spot Prices in Zhejiang Province,Eastern China Quoted on October 15th, 2010

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Spot Prices in Zhejiang Province,Eastern China Quoted on February 5th,2010

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Spot Prices in Zhejiang Province,Eastern China Quoted on July 16th,2010

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无锡市成人麻疹抗体免疫持久性观察

目的了解无锡市成人接种麻疹风疹联合疫苗后麻疹抗体的变化趋势,加速实现消除麻疹的目标。方法随机选择两个麻疹高发地区20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁3组的192名无锡市常住人口,分别于接种麻疹风疹联合疫苗前及接种后1个月、1年、2年采集静脉血清,分离血清。采用ELISA试剂盒检测麻疹Ig G抗体水平,计算抗体阳性率及几何平均浓度(GMC)。结果不同年龄组相同观察时间的麻疹抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),不同观察时间麻疹抗体总阳性率差异也无统计学意义(P0.05)。相同年龄组不同观察时间麻疹抗体GMC差异有统计学意义(P0.01),不同观察时间各年龄组麻疹抗体GMC两两比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),不同年龄组同一观察时间抗体GMC差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单次接种疫苗后抗体水平会迅速上升,但维持时间不超过1年,建议通过定期加强免疫来保持较高的麻疹抗体水平。