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1.
Fatemeh Haidari Vahideh Aghamohammadi Majid Mohammadshahi Kambiz Ahmadi- Angali 《Nutrition journal》2017,16(1):70
Background
Besides the effects of dietary long chain PUFA on circulating endocannabinoids concentrations, the impact of other nutrients on these system is not known and, whether changes in plasma endocannabinoids levels correlated with changes in body composition and biochemical metabolic risk factors in obese individuals, however, still remains to be characterized.Methods
We will conduct a 2 months’ open label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of whey protein supplementation on levels of endocannabinoids, glycemic and lipid profile, inflammatory factors, adipocytokines and body composition in 60 premenopausal obese women on a weight-loss diet.Conclusion
Due to strong relationship between endocannabinoids level and insulin resistance and obesity, in this trial, we will illustrate the other benefits of weight loss diet on health and metabolic risk factors. Also for the first, the effects of simultaneous weight loss diet and whey protein supplementation on these variables will be determined.Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2017021410181N8.2.
Jonathan K. L. Mak Ngoc Minh Pham Andy H. Lee Li Tang Xiong-Fei Pan Colin W. Binns Xin Sun 《Nutrition journal》2018,17(1):107
Background
Previous research has demonstrated the association between maternal dietary patterns and gestational diabetes (GDM), but evidence in Asian populations remains limited and inconsistent. This study investigated the association between dietary patterns during early pregnancy and the risk of GDM among pregnant women in Western China.Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted among 1337 pregnant women in Western China. Dietary intakes were assessed at 15–20 weeks of gestation using a validated food frequency questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance tests at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns, and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and GDM.Results
A total of 199 women (14.9%) developed GDM. Three dietary patterns were identified, namely, a plant-based pattern, a meat-based pattern and a high protein-low starch pattern. Notwithstanding a lack of association between dietary patterns and GDM risk in the whole cohort, there was a significant reduction in GDM risk among overweight women (BMI ≥24 kg/m2); the odds ratio being 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.94) when comparing the highest versus the lowest score of the high protein-low starch pattern.Conclusions
There was no significant association between early pregnancy dietary patterns and GDM risk later in pregnancy for women in Western China, but high protein-low starch diet was associated with lower risk for GDM among women who were overweight at pre-pregnancy.3.
Background
Although some studies have shown the associations between dietary patterns and the risk T2DM in a general population, the associations in middle-aged Chinese have been rarely studied to date. In this study, we aimed to characterize dietary patterns in Chinese adults aged 45-59y (n?=?1918) and to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of T2DM.Methods
The study population was a part of the population-based the Nutrition and Health Study conducted in the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of T2DM, adjusting for potential confounders.Results
Three major dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis, including the traditional southern Chinese, the Western, and the grains-vegetables patterns. After adjusting for the potential confounders, subjects in the highest quartile of the Western dietary pattern scores had greater odds ratio(OR) for T2DM(OR?=?1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.103–1.697; P?=?0.02) than did those in the lowest quartile. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, subjects in the highest quartile of the grains-vegetables dietary pattern scores had a lower OR for T2DM (OR?=?0.72; 95% CI:0.596–0.952; P?=?0.04). Moreover, no significant association was found between the traditional southern Chinese dietary pattern and risk of developing T2DM.Conclusions
Our findings indicated that the Western dietary pattern was associated with an elevated risk, whereas the grains-vegetables dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of T2DM. Further researches are needed to confirm these findings.4.
Background
Low birth weight remains a major public health problem affecting developing countries. Evidence shows that low birth weight has long lasting negative health consequences through its contribution to stunting, mental impairment and non-communicable chronic diseases in later life. Thus, it is worth investigating the role of nutritional factors as determinants of low birth weight to suggest nutritional interventions to curb its negative health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of low birth weight with main focus on the role of nutritional factors in Ethiopia.Methods
A facility-based case-control study was conducted from 3 February to 29 April, 2017. The data were collected using structured, pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire in all public health facilities of Dessie Town. Anthropometric measurements were made following standard procedures for both mothers and their newborns. Consecutive live births of <?2500 g and two succeeding normal weight babies were selected as cases and controls, respectively. Data were entered in to Epi-data software version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 21, and analyzed using frequency, mean and percentage. Factors with p?<?0.25 during bivariate analyses were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to determine significant determinants of LBW. Statistical significance was considered at p?<?0.05. Results were reported with odds ratio and 95% CI.Results
Mean?±?SD of birth weight (g) was 2138?±?207 for cases and 3145?±?415 for controls. After adjusting for potential confounders using multivariable logistic regression analysis, the absence of iron and folate supplementation, receiving no nutritional counseling and consuming no additional meal, maternal undernutrition, maternal anemia and inadequate dietary diversity during the current pregnancy were found to be significant determinants of low birth weight in our study.Conclusion
Lack of nutritional counseling, absence of additional meal intake and iron and folate supplementation during pregnancy, and maternal undernutrition, maternal anemia and inadequate maternal dietary diversity were significant determinants of low birth weight. The importance of nutritional counseling, improving iron and folate supplementation during pregnancy, and nutritional status of pregnant women need to be strengthened to reduce the incidence of LBW in Ethiopia. In addition, behavioral change communications targeting pregnant women to improve women dietary diversity and their extra meal intake practice need to be enhanced in Ethiopia.5.
Si Qin Lifan Huang Jiaojiao Gong Shasha Shen Juan Huang Hong Ren Huaidong Hu 《Nutrition journal》2017,16(1):68
Background
Dyslipidemia is an important and common cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. The lipid-lowering effects of turmeric and curcumin are unconfirmed. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of turmeric and curcumin in lowering blood lipids in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Medline and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials (published as of November 2016) that assessed the effect of turmeric and curcumin on blood lipid levels including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the effect.Results
The analysis included 7 eligible studies (649 patients). Turmeric and curcumin significantly reduced serum LDL-C (SMD = ?0.340, 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?0.530 to ?0.150, P < 0.0001) and TG (SMD = ?0.214, 95% CI: ?0.369 to ?0.059, P = 0.007) levels as compared to those in the control group. These may be effective in lowering serum TC levels in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS, SMD = ?0.934, 95% CI: ?1.289 to ?0.579, P < 0.0001), and turmeric extract could possibly have a greater effect on reducing serum TC levels (SMD = ?0.584, 95% CI: ?0.980 to ?0.188, P = 0.004); however, the efficacy is yet to be confirmed. Serum HDL-C levels were not obviously improved. Turmeric and curcumin appeared safe, and no serious adverse events were reported in any of the included studies.Conclusions
Turmeric and curcumin may protect patients at risk of CVD through improving serum lipid levels. Curcumin may be used as a well-tolerated dietary adjunct to conventional drugs. Further research is required to resolve uncertainties related to dosage form, dose and medication frequency of curcumin.6.
Background
Whole grain (WG) intake is associated with reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, whereas type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term intervention with WG rye on cognitive functions, mood and cardiometabolic risk markers in middle-aged test subjects.Method
Rye-based breads were provided to 38 healthy test subjects (aged 52-70y) during three consecutive days in a crossover study design, using white wheat flour bread (WWB) as a reference. The rye-based bread consisted of a WG rye kernel/flour mixture (1:1 ratio) supplemented with resistant starch type 2 (RS2) (RB?+?RS2). The last bread portion was ingested at 2100 h, and cognitive function, mood and cardiometabolic risk markers were determined the following morning, 11???14 h post intake.Results
In comparison to WWB, the RB?+?RS2 product increased ratings of mood parameters (valance, P?<?0.001; activation P?<?0.05). No differences were seen in the cognitive tests depending on intervention (P?>?0.05). RB?+?RS2 increased insulin sensitivity (P?<?0.05), fasting levels of gut hormones (PYY, P?<?0.05; GLP-2, P?<?0.01) and fasting concentrations of plasma acetate, butyrate and total SCFA (P?<?0.001). In contrast, fasting levels of IL???1β were decreased (P?<?0.05). Insulin sensitivity was positively correlated with working memory test performance (P?<?0.05).Conclusions
This study display novel findings regarding effects of WG rye products on mood, and glucose and appetite regulation in middle-aged subjects, indicating anti-diabetic properties of WG rye. The beneficial effects are suggested to be mediated through gut fermentation of dietary fiber in the RB?+?RS2 product.Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, register number NCT03275948. Registered September 8 2017.7.
Jeremy McAdam Kaitlin McGinnis Rian Ory Kaelin Young Andrew D. Frugé Michael Roberts JoEllen Sefton 《Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition》2018,15(1):55
Background
Adequate dietary intake is important for promoting adaptation and prevention of musculoskeletal injury in response to large volumes of physical training such as Army Initial Entry Training (IET). The purpose of this study was to evaluate training volume and dietary intake and estimate energy balance in Army IET soldiers.Methods
Dietary intake was assessed by collecting diet logs for three meals on each of three, non-consecutive days during the first week of IET. Training volume was measured across 13?weeks of training using Actigraph wGT3X accelerometers. Training intensity was classified using Sasaki vector magnitude three cut points. Energy expenditure estimates were calculated during weeks two and three of training using the modified Harris-Benedict equation and by estimation of active energy expenditure using metabolic equivalents for each classification of physical activity. All data is presented as mean?±?standard deviation.Results
A total of 111 male soldiers (ht. =?±?173?±?5.8?cm, age?=?19?±?2?years, mass?=?71.6. ± 12.4?kg) completed diet logs and were monitored with Actigraphs. IET soldiers performed on average 273?±?62?min low, 107?±?42?min moderate, 26?±?22?min vigorous, and 10?±?21?min of very vigorous intensity physical activity daily across 13?weeks. The estimated total daily energy expenditure was on average 3238?±?457 kcals/d during weeks two and three of IET. Compared to week one caloric intake, there was a caloric deficit of 595?±?896 kcals/d on average during weeks two and three of IET. Regression analysis showed that body weight was a significant predictor for negative energy balance (adj. R2?=?0.54, p?<?0.001), whereby a 1?kg increase in body mass was associated with a 53?kcal energy deficit.Conclusions
Based on week one dietary assessment, IET soldiers did not consume adequate calories and nutrients to meet training needs during red phase (weeks one through three). This may directly affect soldier performance and injury frequency. IET soldiers undergo rigorous training, and these data may help direct future guidelines for adequate nourishment to optimize soldier health and performance.8.
Fatima Al-Khelaifi Ilhame Diboun Francesco Donati Francesco Botrè Mohammed Alsayrafi Costas Georgakopoulos Noha A. Yousri Karsten Suhre Mohamed A. Elrayess 《Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition》2018,15(1):48
Background
Supplements are widely used among elite athletes to maintain health and improve performance. Despite multiple studies investigating use of dietary supplements by athletes, a comprehensive profiling of serum supplement metabolites in elite athletes is still lacking. This study aims to analyze the presence of various xenobiotics in serum samples from elite athletes of different sports, focusing on metabolites that potentially originate from nutritional supplements.Methods
Profiling of xenobiotics in serum samples from 478 elite athletes from different sports (football, athletics, cycling, rugby, swimming, boxing and rowing) was performed using non-targeted metabolomics-based mass spectroscopy combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariate analysis was performed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Differences in metabolic levels among different sport groups were identified by univariate linear models.Results
Out of the 102 detected xenobiotics, 21 were significantly different among sport groups including metabolites that potentially prolong exercise tolerance (caffeic acid), carry a nootropic effect (2-pyrrolidinone), exert a potent anti-oxidant effect (eugenol, ferulic acid 4 sulfate, thioproline, retinol), or originate from drugs for different types of injuries (ectoine, quinate). Using Gaussian graphical modelling, a metabolic network that links various sport group-associated xenobiotics was constructed to further understand their metabolic pathways.Conclusions
This pilot data provides evidence that athletes from different sports exhibit a distinct xenobiotic profile that may reflect their drug/supplement use, diet and exposure to various chemicals. Because of limitation in the study design, replication studies are warranted to confirm results in independent data sets, aiming ultimately for better assessment of dietary supplement use by athletes.9.
Makeda Sinaga Meron Worku Tilahun Yemane Elsah Tegene Tolassa Wakayo Tsinuel Girma David Lindstrom Tefera Belachew 《Nutrition journal》2018,17(1):109
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the presence of central obesity plus any two of the following markers: high triglycerides (>?150 mg/dl), low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <?40 mg/dl in men and?<?50 mg/dl in women, hypertension (blood pressure?>?130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication), high fasting blood glucose (>?100 mg/dl or use of treatment for diabetes mellitus). Since recently, metabolic syndrome and obesity have become emerging problems of both low and middle income countries, although they have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high income countries for the past decades. It has been indicated that the international anthropometric cut-off for detecting obesity is not appropriate for Ethiopians. This study developed optimal cut off values for anthropometric indicators of obesity and markers of metabolic syndrome for Ethiopian adults to enhance preventive interventions.Methods
A total of 704 employees of Jimma University were randomly selected using their payroll as a sampling frame. Data on socio-demographic, anthropometry, clinical and blood samples were collected from February to April 2015. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analyses were used to determine optimal anthropometric cut-off values for obesity and markers of the metabolic syndrome. WHO indicators of obesity based on body fat percent (>?25% for males and?>?35% for females) were used as binary classifiers for developing anthropometric cut-offs. Optimal cut-off values were presented using sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve.Results
The optimal cut-off for obesity using body mass index was 22.2 k/m2 for males and 24.5 kg/m2 for females. Similarly, the optimal waist circumference cut-off for obesity was 83.7 cm for males and 78.0 cm for females. The cut-off values for detecting obesity using waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio were: WHR (0.88) and WHtR (0.49) for males, while they were 0.82 and 0.50 for females, respectively. Anthropometric cut-off values for markers of metabolic syndrome were lower compared to the international values. For females, the optimal BMI cut-offs for metabolic syndrome markers ranged from 24.8 kg/m2 (triglycerides) to 26.8 kg/m2 (fasting blood sugar). For WC the optimal cut-off ranged from of 82.1 cm (triglyceride) to 96.0 cm(HDL); while for WHtR the optimal values varied from 0.47(HDL) to 0.56(fasting blood sugar). Likewise, the optimal cut-offs of WHR for markers of metabolic syndrome ranged from 0.78(fasting blood sugar) to 0.89(HDL and blood pressure). For males, the optimal BMI cut-offs for metabolic syndrome markers ranged from 21.0 kg/m2 (HDL) to 23.5 kg/m2 (blood pressure). For WC, the optimal cut-off ranged from 85.3 cm (triglyceride) to 96.0 cm(fasting blood sugar); while for WHtR the optimal values varied from 0.47(BP, FBS and HDL) to 0.53(Triglyceride). Similarly, the optimal cut-offs of WHR form markers of metabolic syndrome ranged from 0.86(blood pressure) to 0.95(fasting blood sugar).Conclusion
The optimal anthropometric cut-offs for obesity and markers of metabolic syndrome in Ethiopian adults are lower than the international values. The findings imply that the international cut-off for WC, WHtR, WHR and BMI underestimate obesity and metabolic syndrome markers among Ethiopian adults, which should be considered in developing intervention strategies. It is recommended to use the new cut-offs for public health interventions to curb the increasing magnitude of obesity and associated metabolic syndrome and diet related non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia.10.
Geovana MX Ebaid Fábio RF Seiva Katiucha KHR Rocha Gisele A Souza Ethel LB Novelli 《Nutrition journal》2010,9(1):46
Background
Olive oil and its minor constituents have been recommended as important dietary therapeutic interventions in preventive medicine. However, a question remains to be addressed: what are the effects of olive oil and its phenolic compounds on obesity-induced cardiac metabolic changes?Methods
Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 24/group): (C) receiving standard-chow; (Ob) receiving hypercaloric-chow. After 21 days C and Ob groups were divided into four subgroups (n = 6/group):(C) standard-chow and saline; (C-Olive)standard-chow and olive-oil (3.0 g/kg.day); (C-Oleuropein)standard-chow and oleuropein (0.023 mg/kg/day); (C-Cafeic) standard-chow and cafeic-acid (2.66 mg/kg/day); (Ob)receiving hypercaloric-chow and saline;(Ob-Olive) hypercaloric-chow and olive-oil;(Ob-Oleuropein) hypercaloric-chow and oleuropein;(Ob-Cafeic) hypercaloric-chow and cafeic-acid. Treatments were given twice a week during 21 days.Results
After 42 days, obesity was evidenced in Ob rats from enhanced body-weight, surface-area, and body-mass-index. Energy-expenditure, oxygen consumption(VO2) and fat-oxidation were lower in Ob-group than in C. Despite no morphometric changes, Ob-Olive, Ob-Oleuropein and Ob-Cafeic groups had higher VO2, fat-oxidation, myocardial beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase and lower respiratory-quotient than Ob. Citrate-synthase was highest in Ob-Olive group. Myocardial lipid-hydroperoxide(LH) and antioxidant enzymes were unaffected by olive-oil and its compounds in obesity condition, whereas LH was lower and total-antioxidant-substances were higher in C-Olive and C-Oleuropein than in C.Conclusions
The present study demonstrated for the first time that olive-oil, oleuropein and cafeic-acid enhanced fat-oxidation and optimized cardiac energy metabolism in obesity conditions. Olive oil and its phenolic compounds improved myocardial oxidative stress in standard-fed conditions.11.
Stéphanie Harrison Élise Carbonneau Denis Talbot Simone Lemieux Benoît Lamarche 《Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition》2018,15(1):44
Background
Studies have shown that the majority of endurance athletes do not achieve the minimal recommended carbohydrate (CHO) intake of 6 g/kg of body weight (BW), with potentially negative impacts on recovery and performance. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and easy to use dietary screener to identify athletes who do and do not achieve a CHO intake >?6 g/kg BW in the context of endurance sports.Methods
The dietary screener was developed using multiple logistic regression modeling of data from a sample of 1571 non-athlete adults (826 women and 745 men, mean age 44.75?±?14.2 years) among whom dietary intake was assessed using a validated web-based food frequency questionnaire (web-FFQ). Three models were developed based on whole food intake using the 5, 10 and 15 most significant variables predicting CHO intake. The three models were then validated in a target population of non-elite endurance athletes having taken part in multisport events (n =?175, 64 women and 111 men, mean age 37.1?±?11.3 years) and compared using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) and c-statistics.Results
The 15-variables model provided significantly better accuracy in predicting CHO intake adequacy in non-elite endurance athletes (c-statistic?=?0.94) compared with the 10- and 5-variables model (c-statistic?=?0.90 and 0.71 respectively). The 15-variables model predicts CHO intake adequacy in the target population of endurance athlete with a sensitivity of 89.5%, a specificity of 87.3% and PPV and NPV of 77.3 and 94.5%, respectively.Conclusion
We have successfully developed a short and valid dietary screener that identifies endurance athletes at risk of not achieving a CHO intake >?6 g/kg BW. Use of this rapid screener may help alleviate the highly prevalent issue of suboptimal CHO consumption in the endurance sports realm.12.
R. Colin Carter Sandra W. Jacobson Sharmilah Booley Baheya Najaar Neil C. Dodge Lori J. Bechard Ernesta M. Meintjes Christopher D. Molteno Christopher P. Duggan Joseph L. Jacobson Marjanne Senekal 《Nutrition journal》2018,17(1):108
Background
Although animal and human studies have demonstrated interactions between dietary choline and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, dietary choline deficiency in pregnancy is common in the US and worldwide. We sought to develop and validate a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) to estimate usual daily choline intake in pregnant mothers.Methods
A panel of nutrition experts developed a Choline-QFFQ food item list, including sources with high choline content and the most commonly consumed choline-containing foods in the target population. A data base for choline content of each item was compiled. For reliability and validity testing in a prospective longitudinal cohort, 123 heavy drinking Cape Coloured pregnant women and 83 abstaining/light-drinking controls were recruited at their first antenatal clinic visit. At 3 prenatal study visits, each gravida was interviewed about alcohol, smoking, and drug use, and administered a 24-hour recall interview and the Choline-QFFQ.Results
Across all visits and assessments, > 78% of heavy drinkers and controls reported choline intake below the Dietary Reference Intakes adequate intake level (450 mg/day). Women reported a decrease in choline intake over time on the QFFQ. Reliability of the QFFQ across visits was good-to-acceptable for 2 of 4 group-level tests and 4 of 5 individual-level tests for both drinkers and controls. When compared with 24-hr recall data, validity of the QFFQ was good-to-acceptable for 3 of 4 individual-level tests and 3 of 5 group-level tests. For controls, validity was good-to-acceptable for all 4 individual-level tests and all 5 group-level tests.Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative choline food frequency screening questionnaire to be developed and validated for use with both heavy and non-drinking pregnant women and the first to be used in the Cape Coloured community in South Africa. Given the high prevalence of inadequate choline intake and the growing evidence that maternal choline supplementation can mitigate some of the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, this tool may be useful for both research and future clinical outreach programs.13.
Background
Epidemiological studies regarding the association between dietary fiber intake and ovarian cancer risk are still inconsistent. We aimed to review the available evidence and conduct a dose-response meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and ovarian cancer risk.Methods
Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases before August 2017. Studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary fiber intake and risk of ovarian cancer were included. Random-effects models were used to combine the estimated effects extracted from individual study.Results
Thirteen studies, with a total of 5777 ovarian cancer cases and 142,189 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled multivariable RRs of ovarian cancer for the highest vs. the lowest category of dietary fiber intake was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.88) with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 =?4.20%, P?=?0.40). Our dose-response analysis also showed a significant inverse association between dietary fiber intake and ovarian cancer risk (an increment of 10 g/day; combined RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.93). There was no evidence for a nonlinear association (P for nonlinearity?=?0.83).Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggests a significant inverse dose-response association between dietary fiber intake and ovarian cancer risk. Further studies with prospective design that take account of more potential confounders are warranted to confirm this association.14.
Background
To determine the prevalence of dental erosion and its association to commonly used beverages and snacks among 3 to 5 year old preschool children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods
Three hundred eighty-eight preschool children between 3 and 5 years old were selected from 10 different schools using a cluster random sample selection; there were 184 (47%) boys and 204 (53%) girls. The surfaces of each tooth were examined for erosion, and the level of tooth wear was recorded. Data on the frequently used beverages and snacks were obtained by questionnaires completed by the parents of the preschool children.Results
Among the 388 children examined, 47% exhibited low erosion, 10% exhibited moderate erosion and 4% exhibited severe erosion. There was no statistically significant difference between boys and girls in terms of the prevalence of erosion. Sixty percent of the children regularly consumed juice drinks. Among daily consumers, 84% of children showed erosion prevalence with strongly significant association (p?<?0.005). Holding the drink in the mouth also showed a significant association with erosion (p?<?0.02).Conclusion
It was concluded that an association was found between the prevalence of dental erosion and the frequency of citrus and carbonated juice consumed by the preschool children in Saudi Arabia.15.
Background
The association between maternal consumption of sprouted potato during periconceptional period on the development of neural tube defects (NTDs) or orofacial clefts (OFCs) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between maternal consumption of sprouted potatoes during periconceptional period and risks of NTDs or OFCs.Methods
Subjects included 622 NTD cases, 135 OFC cases and 858 nonmalformed controls, were recruited from a case-control study in Shanxi Province of northern China between 2002 and 2007. Information on demographics, maternal sprouted potato consumption, lifestyle behaviors and folic acid supplementation was collected.Results
Consumption of sprouted potatoes was associated with elevated odds of total NTDs (OR?=?2.20; 95% CI, 1.12–4.32) and anencephaly (OR?=?2.48; 95% CI, 1.10–5.58); no association for spina bifida or encephalocele. Sprouted potato consumption increased the risk of total OFCs (OR?=?3.49; 95% CI, 1.29–9.49) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL?±?P) (OR?=?4.03; 95% CI, 1.44–11.28).Conclusion
Maternal consumption of sprouted potatoes during periconceptional period may increase the risks of NTDs and OFCs. Given that potato is commonly consumed around the world, improper preservation and use should be a matter of concern in respect of the potential teratogenicity.16.
Emma M. Crum Yanita D. McLeay Matthew J. Barnes Stephen R. Stannard 《Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition》2018,15(1):47
Background
Keratins are structural, thiol-rich proteins, which comprise 90% of total poultry feather weight. Their favourable amino acid profile suggests the potential for use as a protein source and ergogenic aid for endurance athletes, following treatment to increase digestibility. This study investigated whether 4 weeks of soluble keratin (KER) consumption (0.8 g/kg bodyweight/day) by 15 endurance-trained males would have favourable effects on body composition, blood and cardiorespiratory variables, and cycling performance, compared to casein protein (CAS).Methods
Supplementation was randomized, blinded and balanced, with a minimum eight-week washout period between trials. An exercise test to measure oxygen consumption during submaximal and maximal cycling exercise was completed at the start at and end of each intervention. Anthropometric (DEXA) and blood measures were made prior to and following each intervention period.Results
Total body mass and percentage body fat did not change significantly (p?>?0.05). However, a significantly greater increase in bone-free lean mass (LM) occurred with KER compared to CAS (0.88 kg vs 0.07 kg; p?<?0.05). While no change in LM was evident for the trunk and arms, leg LM increased (0.45?±?0.54 kg; p?=?0.006) from baseline with KER. KER was not associated with changes in blood parameters, oxygen consumption, or exercise performance (p?>?0.05).Conclusions
These data suggest that KER is not useful as an ergogenic aid for endurance athletes but may be a suitable protein supplement for maximizing increases in lean body mass.17.
Juliana Peçanha Antonio Vanessa Costa da Rosa Roberta Aguiar Sarmento Jussara Carnevale de Almeida 《Nutrition journal》2017,16(1):74
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between two dietary indexes, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and the Diabetes Healthy Eating Index (DHEI), in evaluating diet quality and its possible association with therapeutic targets in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods
Cross-sectional study of outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at a university hospital. Dietary information was obtained from a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (previously validated for use in patients with type 2 diabetes) and converted into daily intakes. Diet quality was assessed using two dietary indexes: HEI (12 components, nine food groups and three moderation components) and DHEI (10 components, six food groups, three nutrient groups, and one for variety of diet). In both indexes, the sum of the scores for each component yields an overall score converted on a scale from 0 to 100%; diet quality is subsequently ranked as low (<51%), needing improvement (51–80%), or high (>80%). Patients underwent clinical and laboratory assessment. Those with fasting blood glucose values 70–130 mg/dL, A1c?<?7%, total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol <100 mg/dL, and triglycerides <150 mg/dL were considered to meet therapeutic targets. All analyses were conducted in PASW Statistics 18.0, and p?<?0.05 deemed significant.Results
We analyzed 148 patients with type 2 diabetes (73% white, mean age 63.2?±?9.4 years, median diabetes duration 10 [IQR 5–19] years, mean A1c% 8.4?±?2.0%, and mean BMI 30.5?±?4.2 kg/m2). Mean energy intake was 2114?±?649 kcal/day. DHEI scores were 17.0 (95%CI -6.8 to 41.0) points lower than HEI scores (55.9?±?14.2% vs. 72.9?±?10.7%, respectively; P?<?0.001), suggesting there is no agreement (Bland-Altman method), and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.55 (P?<?0.001). More patients were classified as having a low-quality diet by the DHEI than by the HEI (38.5% vs. 1.4%; P?<?0.001). A higher proportion of patients (35.7%) with out-of-target total cholesterol levels had a low-quality diet evaluated by the DHEI (P?=?0.03). We did not find associations between overall score of HEI and therapeutic targets.Conclusions
In its intended population of patients with type 2 diabetes, the DHEI seems to be a more rigorous tool to evaluate association between diet quality and changes in metabolic parameters.18.
Cheryl L. Rock Shirley W. Flatt Hava-Shoshana Barkai Bilge Pakiz Dennis D. Heath 《Nutrition journal》2017,16(1):76
Background
Dietary strategies that help patients adhere to a weight reduction diet may increase the likelihood of weight loss maintenance and improved long-term health outcomes. Regular nut consumption has been associated with better weight management and less adiposity. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a walnut-enriched reduced-energy diet to a standard reduced-energy-density diet on weight, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and satiety.Methods
Overweight and obese men and women (n =?100) were randomly assigned to a standard reduced-energy-density diet or a walnut-enriched (15% of energy) reduced-energy diet in the context of a behavioral weight loss intervention. Measurements were obtained at baseline and 3- and 6-month clinic visits. Participants rated hunger, fullness and anticipated prospective consumption at 3 time points during the intervention. Body measurements, blood pressure, physical activity, lipids, tocopherols and fatty acids were analyzed using repeated measures mixed models.Results
Both study groups reduced body weight, body mass index and waist circumference (time effect p <?0.001 for each). Change in weight was ?9.4 (0.9)% vs. -8.9 (0.7)% (mean [SE]), for the standard vs. walnut-enriched diet groups, respectively. Systolic blood pressure decreased in both groups at 3 months, but only the walnut-enriched diet group maintained a lower systolic blood pressure at 6 months. The walnut-enriched diet group, but not the standard reduced-energy-density diet group, reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 6 months, from 203 to 194 mg/dL and 121 to 112 mg/dL, respectively (p <?0.05). Self-reported satiety was similar in the groups.Conclusions
These findings provide further evidence that a walnut-enriched reduced-energy diet can promote weight loss that is comparable to a standard reduced-energy-density diet in the context of a behavioral weight loss intervention. Although weight loss in response to both dietary strategies was associated with improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors, the walnut-enriched diet promoted more favorable effects on LDL-C and systolic blood pressure.Trial registration
The trial is registered at (NCT02501889).19.
Sridharshi Chintha Hewawitharana Frances Elizabeth Thompson Catherine M. Loria Warren Strauss Jyothi Nagaraja Lorrene Ritchie Karen Lucy Webb 《Nutrition journal》2018,17(1):111
Background
A dietary screener questionnaire (DSQ) was used to assess dietary outcomes among children in the Healthy Communities Study (HCS), a study of the relationships between programs and policies to prevent child obesity and child diet, physical activity and weight outcomes.Methods
To compare dietary intake estimates derived from the DSQ against those from the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recalls for Children (ASA24-Kids) among children, a measurement error model, using structural equation modelling, was utilized to estimate slopes, deattenuated correlation coefficients, and attenuation factors by age and sex, ethnicity, and BMI status.Participants/setting
A randomly selected sub-sample of HCS participants aged 4–15 years in 130 communities throughout the U.S. who completed the DSQ and up to two ASA24-Kids recalls (n?=?656;13% of HCS participants).Results
For most nutrient/foods examined, the DSQ yielded larger mean intake estimates than the ASA24-Kids, and agreement between the two measures varied by food/nutrient, age and sex, ethnicity, and BMI category. Deattenuated correlation coefficients of 0.4 or greater were observed for added sugars from SSBs (0.54), fruits and vegetables (0.40), and dairy foods (0.50). Lower deattenuated correlation coefficients were seen for total added sugars (0.37), whole grains (0.34), and fiber (0.34). Attenuation factors were most severe for total added sugars intake among overweight children, and for several other dietary outcomes among children aged 9–11 years.Conclusions
The DSQ was found to be a tool with acceptable agreement with the ASA24-Kids for measuring multiple dietary outcomes of interest in the HCS, although there may be potential due to measurement error to underestimate results (bias towards the null). In future studies, measurement error modelling and regression calibration may be possible solutions to correct for bias due to measurement error in most food/nutrient intake estimates from the DSQ when used among children.20.