脂肪酸降膜蒸发传热研究

在垂直降膜管上进行脂肪酸混合物降膜蒸发传热的实验研究 ,分析了进料流量、热通量和操作压力等因素对传热性能的影响。建立了数学模型 ,并进行数值求解。实验结果表明 ,在层流情况下 ,流量的增加不利于传热 ,热通量和操作压力的增加对表面蒸发传热有利。将模型计算结果与实验结果比较 ,发现模型较好地预测了实验结果     

Condensation with non-condensing gases inside vertical tubes with turbulent gas and film flow

Mass transfer coefficients in the turbulent gas flow of a vertical condenser tube are determined experimentally in a short test segment. When the film model is used to evaluate the data, the gas phase resistance to mass transfer is well described by a correlation obtained from single-phase pipe flow. No significant interaction between gas and film flow is observed, neither for laminar nor for turbulent film flow. A design method for long condenser tubes is developed considering superheating of the gas and subcooling of the falling film. When the film model and a single-phase pipe flow correlation are incorporated, the method matches with sufficient accuracy experimental data taken from the literature. To estimate the onset of entrainment in falling film exchangers a correlation for entrainment in annular two-phase flow is checked. The calculations are in good agreement with experimental data obtained in a long adiabatic tube.     

引入蒸汽对垂直管内降膜蒸发传热及流动的影响

对垂直管内引入饱和蒸汽的湍流降膜蒸发传热及流动进行实验研究。研究结果表明:管内引入饱和蒸汽,可以在不提高液膜传热温差的情况下,提高传热系数12％～25％,降低液膜厚度10％～20％,并得出相应的计算式。     

竖直管外气液逆流环状降膜速度与温度分布

建立了竖直管外环状降膜气液逆流传热传质条件下稳态层流降膜一维速度分布和二维温度分布模型,以及膜厚和降膜表面热通量的数值计算方法。表面热通量的模型计算值与实验值在气体Reynolds数Re_g<1200的范围内吻合较好,表明基于界面摩擦因子求解模型的方法在两相均为层流条件下是可靠的。模型显示了降膜速度分布和温度分布的非线性特征,降膜表面附近陡降的温度梯度表明,减小膜厚是强化降膜传热传质过程的有效途径。     

竖直管降膜蒸发器流动与传热过程的数值模拟

针对竖直管降膜蒸发器的技术特点,在计算流体力学和传热学理论分析基础上,采用FLUENT软件,运用自定义函数(UDF)编写传质源项,对降膜蒸发器的加热管内液体沿壁面呈膜状下降流动并受热汽化过程进行了三维数值模拟研究,模拟采用Mixture两相流层流模型,Simple算法。模拟结果以3D形式表现了液体沿运动方向在管壁发展成膜的过程,并将模拟得到的液膜厚度与理论计算得到的液膜厚度进行了比较。模拟结果表明,竖直降膜蒸发器加热管具有液膜薄,均匀性好的特点,管表面容易形成柱状流,液膜厚度为1.0 mm。     

椭圆管外液膜流动的数值模拟及传热实验研究Ⅱ:实验研究

在椭圆管外液膜流动数值模拟的基础上,对椭圆管外的液膜厚度和传热性能进行了实验研究.研究结果表明:椭圆管外液膜厚度的模拟计算与实验结果基本吻合,误差约8％,可见数值模拟方法正确;长短轴比为1.5的椭圆传热管的传热系数比圆管提高20％ ～ 22％,可见椭圆管型强化传热明显.     

管形对水平管降膜圆周膜厚和Nusselt数的影响

针对海水淡化系统的水平管降膜蒸发,建立了二维数值模型,分析了光滑圆管和6种不同截面形状的蛋形管外降膜流动及传热特性。采用VOF方法考察了不同管型对管外液膜分布和传热特性的影响。数值结果表明:蛋形管外液体沿周向流动较圆管稍快,且可获得更均匀更薄的液膜;液膜厚度随半轴比ε增大而减小,随周向先逐渐减小后迅速增加,圆管和蛋形管的液膜最小值分别出现在周向相对坐标0.69和0.70~0.84附近。蛋形管的膜内量纲1温度较圆管的小,其热边界层厚度较薄,具有更好的传热性能。拟合数据得到,ε为2.4的蛋形管具有最好的传热性能,其Nusselt数可达0.32,较圆管的高出12.68%。最后,将数值模拟结果与文献中的数据进行了对比,验证了数值模型的可行性和合理性。     

旋流网板换热器强化传热机理分析

主要分析了用于硫酸转化系统气体换热的旋流网板换热器中旋流片强化传热的机理,在实验研究基础上,应用周期性单元流道模型,数值模拟了空心环和旋流片支撑时的流体湍流流动和传热性能。结果表明,旋流片能迫使流体做强烈的三维螺旋运动,增强流体湍流度,同时使流体冲刷壁面,减薄边界层,其传热效果优于空心环。旋流片产生的自旋流具有高效低阻的优势,其强化传热综合性能优于空心环。     

制冷系统用新型水平管降膜蒸发

以R134a制冷循环为基础,将水平管降膜蒸发应用于蒸发器中,通过调节不同工况来研究其换热特性。其中热通量8～40 kW·m^-2,工质的喷淋量0.005～0.04 kg·m^-1·s^-1,以光滑管为基础,对针对降膜蒸发而设计的TJX、EX两种强化管进行了实验研究,并利用修正威尔逊法进行数据处理。分析表明,降膜蒸发换热特性主要与热通量和喷淋量有关,而随着热通量的增加,每根管型传热系数在遇到临界热通量点后呈现下降趋势。此外强化表面的传热系数要明显优于光滑管,特别是具有网格槽道设计的EX管。由于实验系统是一个制冷系统,含有润滑油,发现润滑油的存在明显降低了传热系数。最后在实验基础上对光滑管换热特性进行预测,并在此基础上提出强化管的修正系数。     

Heat and mass transfer in non-isothermal absorption of gases in falling liquid films Part II: Theoretical description and numerical calculation of turbulent falling film heat and mass transfer

A mixing length turbulence model is presented, which was used for the numerical calculation of turbulent falling film heat and mass transfer coefficients. Numerous proposals of different authors for the prediction of eddy transport coefficients are discussed. Good agreement between calculated heat and mass transport coefficients and experimental data was achieved by the combination of Hubbard, Mills and Chung's proposal for the calculation of eddy transport near the film surface with a modified form of van Driest's, the latter being for the eddy transport near the solid wall. Furthermore, the dependence of the turbulent falling film heat transfer coefficients on the Prandtl number is discussed. It is shown that, besides the Prandtl number, a further dimensionless group must be considered in order to describe the effect of liquid properties on heat transfer.     

垂直管内弹状气泡上升时的壁面传质

Wall-liquid mass transfer for Taylor bubbles rising through liquid column in vertical tubes is an important and fundamental topic in industrial processes.In this work,the characteristics of wall-liquid mass transfer for this special case of slug flow were studied experimentally by limiting diffusion current technique (LDCT). Based on the experimental results and the analysis of hydrodynamic mechanisms,it was proposed that four different zones exist,i.e.the laminar falling film zone,the turbulent falling film zone,the wake region and the remaining liquid slug zone.The corresponding correlations for all these zones were developed.     

错流降膜液体干燥剂除湿/再生传热传质数学模型及分析

分析了错流降膜液体干燥剂除湿及再生传热传质过程 ,建立了基于实际除湿系统的描述再生和除湿过程的数学模型 ,考虑到除湿过程中产生的热效应 ,以氯化钙溶液为除湿剂时 ,对气侧和液侧的传热传质系数进行了理论和数值求解 .计算结果表明 ,传热传质系数与气流流动状态、除湿剂的热物理性质等因素有关     

固定床错流流动和传热耦合的数值模拟

引入对流项和黏性项的流动模型和传热模型耦合,对内置传热管构件的固定床错流传热进行了研究,获得了床层温度分布,并与文献实验数据进行比较:计算值与文献实验值基本一致,表明模型能正确描述床层的温度分布。然后在不同的三角形和正方形排列方式情况下,研究了床层内在多圆管管间及周边的温度分布,结果表明:错流传热与流体流动方向密切相关,床层被加热的区域在加热管二侧,管壁附近和床层加热管前方,这些区域出现了较宽的被加热区;采用三角形排列方式,与采用正方形排列方式相比,强化了床层内的对流传热,使得床层内温度分布更趋于均匀。     

A MODEL FOR PREDICTING HEAT TRANSFER TO A TURBULENT FALLING FILM

A modified form of Carey'ls method for predicting the heat transfer to a turbulent falling film is presented. The new model is successfully tested against experimental data as well as other models. This method utilizes an optimization technique along with the Rombcrg integration to determine two universal constants for the modified turbulent diffusivisity model. The results show that in spite of its relative simplicity, the new model is a fairly accurate one, having an overall average error of less than 9%.     

垂直管内降膜载气蒸发的研究

在蒸发的降液膜表面引入惰性载气,可以有效地强化降膜蒸发传热。研究了液体流量、载气流量、壁面热负荷及料液物性等对降膜载气蒸发传热的影响。建立了数学模型,并进行了数值求解。实验结果表明,采用降膜载气蒸发,可提高传热膜系数,降低壁面过热度。还将模型计算结果与实验结果进行了比较。     

Non-isothermal laminar pipe flow — II. Experimental

In a previous article [1] theoretical predictions of velocity distributions, pressure drops and mean Nusselt-numbers are given for non-isothermal pipe flow of power-law fluids having a temperature dependent consistency-index. In the present investigation these solutions are checked for Newtonian fluids with extensive experimental data.A flow visualization technique was used for measuring the non-isothermal, laminar velocity profiles of glycerol in a round tube. Furthermore, accurate pressure drop measurements were carried out for non-isothermal tube flow of a viscous. Newtonian liquid. Finally logarithmic mean heat transfer coefficients were measured in laminar flow heat transfer.The experimental velocity profiles, pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients show a good agreement with those predicted theoretically.     

自转螺旋扭带管内三维流动与传热数值模拟

建立了内置自转螺旋扭带管的三维流动模型,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对管内流场进行了数值模拟,得到了流体的流动和传热特性.研究表明：自转扭带管内的流动是复杂的三维螺旋流动.流体在扭带与管内壁环缝区域的轴向速度比光管的大;流体在与扭带宽度等直径范围内的切向速度随半径的增大而增大,流体在扭带与管内壁环缝区域内也存在明显的切向速度,但随半径的增大而减小;而光管内流体的流动只有随机的切向运动,且其切向速度要比扭带管内的切向速度小2个数量级;扭带管流体的径向速度和湍流度也比光管的大.扭带管内流体近管壁区域轴向、切向、径向速度和湍流度的加大,强化了管内的对流传热,其表面传热系数大于光管.另外,速度场的模拟值与激光测试值进行了比较,二者吻合较好.     

ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL RESULTS OF A TURBULENT SWIRLING FLOW IN A TUBE

In many applications swirling flow is used to enhance heat and mass transfer. One of the problems of modelling a turbulent swirling flow is the choice of the turbulent closure model which is acceptable for engineering purposes. To evaluate which model performs best, numerical results are compared with experimental data. Local velocity measurements are carried out on a swirling flow in a circular tube. The measurement method is hot-wire anemometry combined with visualization techniques. The numerical analysis is carried out using the k-ε model and the Algebraic Stress Model. In the experiment a symmetrical swirl was observed, Comparing the experimental data with the numerical results shows that the Algebraic Stress Model represents the experimental data quite well, whereas the k-ε model fails.     

纵向内翅片管对流换热特性的实验研究及数值模拟

传热强化技术由于能使换热设备的效率提高,一直受到科技界和工业界的重视．一般认为翅片在强化传热中的作用主要是增加了热阻较大一侧流体的面积,从而减小了以总面积计算的热阻．在管外侧加翅片是强化管外换热的最普遍方式之一．相对而言,利用内翅片管强化换热的研究工作开展得比较少．本文对一种新型内翅片管的传热特性进行了实验研究,并通过数值仿真与实验数据进行了比较和分析．