过氧化氢一步法制备环氧亚麻油工艺

报道了亚麻油在以石油醚为溶剂、磷酸为催化剂的条件下,经甲酸、双氧水环氧化,一步合成增塑剂——环氧亚麻油的一种新方法。该法反应条件温和,操作方法简单,反应时间较短,而且产物各项指标均可达到增塑剂标准：环氧值＞7.8,碘值＜10,酸值＜0.5。     

Partial hydrogenation and winterization of soybean oil

Soybean oil was hydrogenated under selective and nonselective conditions to give products with iodine values (I.V.) ranging from 85-115. The products were crystallized at 8C and examined for yield, stability, and fatty acid composition of the winterized oil. Changes in fatty acid composition, formation oftrans acids, and yield of winterized oil are approximately linear with the degree of hydrogenation. Stearine fractions, which are 15-20 I.V. units lower than winterized oil, were further crystallized in solvents to yield liquid oils and hard stearines. Presented at AOCS meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 1962 A laboratory of the No. Utiliz. Res. and Dev. Div., ARS, USDA     

煤焦油加氢尾油的循环加氢工艺研究

煤焦油通过一次加氢会产出大量的未转化油——加氢尾油,为了提高煤焦油加氢轻质油总转化率,文中借鉴石油基加氢尾油的处理方法,对煤焦油加氢尾油循环加氢工艺进行了初步探讨。在一定循环油切割点和循环比下分析了裂化剂床层温度、反应压力和氢油体积比对尾油循环加氢总转化率的影响;并以汽柴油收率为目标,对裂化剂床层温度和反应压力2个因素进行了优化,获得了优化工艺条件。     

Styrenation of castor oil and linseed oil by macromer method

In this study a novel macromer technique has been described for the styrenation of triglyceride oils. Macromers were prepared through the interesterification of castor oil with linseed oil followed by esterification with acrylic acid. In this preparation various castor oil/linseed oil ratios were applied to obtain a macromer which gave a copolymer with good film properties after copolymerization with styrene. Macromers were styrenated at 100°C using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The styrenation leads to improved film properties with the related interesterification product although castor oil is a non‐drying oil.     

On-line hydrogenation in GC-MS analysis of cyclic fatty acid monomers isolated from heated linseed oil

A simple on-line hydrogenation method in GC-MS analysis of unsaturated fatty acid esters is described. Using hydrogen as carrier gas, hydrogenation takes place in a capillary reactor connected to the outlet of the analytical column in the oven of the gas chromatograph. The reactor is a fused silica tube (60 cm×0.32 mm i.d.) coated with palladium acetylacetonate. Selective hydrogenation of olefinic bonds is achieved after a normal chromatographic run. Structural information (carbon-skeleton, double bond equivalents) can thus be deduced, and structural correlations between the saturated and unsaturated components can be obtained. Structures of cyclic fatty acid esters isolated from heated linseed oil were elucidated using this simple method which was found very useful for structural investigations on unsaturated compounds by GC-MS. Presented in part at the AOCS meeting in May 1988, in Phoenix, AZ. INRA—Station de Recherches sur la Qualite des Aliments de l'Homme     

Dilution polymerization of linseed oil

Summary An inert diluent, molecularly distilled mineral oil, when present in 90% concentration, permitted, in linseed oil, the polymerization of acyl groups in the absence of inter-glyceride reaction. Comparison of the data for the polymerization of linseed oil in 10, 20, and 100% concentrations showed a marked concentration dependence for the following: polymerization of acyl groups and glyceride molecules; change in specific refraction and the ratio of percentages by weight polymeric acyl groups to polymeric glyceride molecules. N.R.C. No. 3322. Part of this paper was presented at the Protective Coatings Section, Chemical Institute of Canada, Montreal, June, 1952.     

Stand reaction of linseed oil

Several theories have been proposed concerning the stand oil reaction but no precise reaction scheme has been described. In this work, the stand reaction of linseed oil was characterized in order to determine the nature of the products formed during this reaction. Using complementary analytical techniques (more especially NMR and mass spectrometry), the existence of two different reactions was demonstrated: the Diels–Alder addition between fatty acid chains and the addition of a methylene radical on double bonds, followed by combination or elimination reactions.     

Styrenation of air-blown linseed oil by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization

Styrenation of air-blown linseed oil by a nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) technique is described. In this technique, air-blown linseed oil bearing hydroperoxide groups was used as a macroinitiator in NMRP of styrene in the presence of 2,2′,6,6′-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO). The effects of various parameters, such as the amount of TEMPO and hydroperoxide groups, were investigated in terms of molecular weight and polydispersity. For comparison, a copolymer sample of air-blown linseed oil with styrene was also prepared in the absence of TEMPO. The film properties of all samples were determined according to the related standards and were compared with respect to surface protection. Samples prepared by the NMRP technique exhibited relatively narrow polydispersity and better film properties compared to those of the samples obtained by the conventional method.     

渣油加氢装置开工升温过程优化

为了缩短渣油加氢装置更换催化剂时的开工时间,找出了影响开工时间的主要因素.分析了系统升温升压气密过程的限制要素,并给出该过程的优化操作方法.经过优化,可将开工时间缩短48 h.     

Fixed- Bed continuous hydrogenation of soybean oil with palladium- Polymer supported catalysts

To compare a continuous hydrogenation system with batch hydrogenation, soybean oil was treated with Pd and Ni catalysts in a fixed-bed system under conditions that gave trickle flow. The influence of processing variables such as space velocity, pressure, temperature and hydrogen flow on the selectivity, specific isomerization and the activity was investigated. Both the Pd and Ni catalysts gave significantly lower specific isomerization(trans isomer per drop in Iodine Value) when compared to reported values for batch hydrogenation with similar type catalysts. The linolenate and linoleate selectivities were also significantly lower. Heterogenized homogeneous Pd-on-polystyrene catalyst gave lower specific isomerization formation and higher selectivity than carbon-supported Pd catalyst at same conditions. This work indicates that Pd-on-styrene, Pd-on-carbon and extruded Ni catalysts, in fixed-bed continuous hydrogenation can produce soybean oil of desirable composition after further optimization.     

Laboratory-scale continuous hydrogenation

Data required for modeling and simulation of continuous hydrogenation kinetics have been obtained in an isothernal, cocurrent flow-type reactor. A preheated suspension of catalyst in oil, mixed with hydrogen, is passed cocurrently through 10 m length of 0.12 cm ID Teflon tubing at flow rates varying from 1.5 to 4.5 ml/min, gas flow rates from 100 to 700 ml/min, and temperatures from 150 to 190 C. The hydrogenations are run using nickel catalyst at outlet pressures of one atmosphere. Samples are removed at equal intervals along the length of the reactor and analyzed by gas chromatography. The kinetics of the continuous reactor are satisfactorily modeled by the simple scheme Ln→Lo→01→S using first order kinetics. Reaction rates, calculated by a digital computer, are shown to be related to temperature by the Arrhenius equation.trans Content and degree of hydrogenation are increased with temperature are decreased as oil flow increases. Hydrogen flow rate has little or no effect over the range studied.     

The triglyceride composition of linseed oil

The triglyceride composition of linseed oils obtained under different ecological conditions and having different fatty acid compositions was determined by a combination of several chromatographic techniques. The triglyceride mixture was first separated in 8 fractions of different polarity by reversed-phase paper chromatography. Each glyceride fraction was then separated in a partition chromatographic system as the triglyceride coordination complexes with silver ions into individual compounds. The fatty acid compositions of the original oil, single glyceride fractions, and individual triglycerides were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The molar ratio between the two neighboring glyceride fractions was determined by relating the fatty acid composition of each fraction to the fatty acid composition of their sum. The triglyceride composition of the total oil was then calculated from these results. The presence of 18–19 triglycerides was ascertained in the samples studied, and the molar concentration of each glyceride was estimated. Linseed oil contains only triunsaturated and monosaturated-diunsaturated triglycerides. Within each of these types the fatty acid distribution is close to random. At the same time, the content of some triglycerides departed regularly from a random pattern. A method for calculation of linseed oil triglyceride composition from the fatty acid composition is given. The same general pattern of glyceride formation in linseed is followed regardless of ecological conditions; therefore, the qualitative and quantitative triglyceride composition reflects the differences in fatty acid composition of linseed oil.     

亚麻籽油在化妆品中的应用

简要介绍了亚麻籽油的来源、特性与传统应用,着重介绍了亚麻籽油在化妆品中的应用.亚麻籽油作为一种特殊天然功能油脂,在各种保湿护肤护发化妆品中用作营养和保湿剂.作为Omega -3系必需脂肪酸补充剂,不仅应用于具有特殊疗效的肤用化妆品中缓解或治疗皮肤问题,还应用于发用化妆品中发挥促进生发的功效.最后对亚麻籽油如何更好地应用于我国化妆品行业进行了展望.     

加氢法制备邻氯苯胺的工艺研究

介绍了加氢法制备邻氯苯胺小试、中试的过程。试验数据表明,加氢法比铁粉还原法的产品质量好,且在环保方面有优势。     

A continuous process for the glycerolysis of soybean oil

A continuous process for the glycerolysis of soybean oil with pure and crude glycerol, the co-product from the transesterification of soybean oil, was investigated in a pilot plant. The process was equipped with a static and a high-shear mixer. The experimental studies explored the effects of variations in mixing intensity, temperature, reactant flow rates, and reactant stoichiometry on the formation of MG and DG. The developed process resulted in high conversion of TG to MG. The most favorable conditions were 230°C, 40 mL/min total flow, 25 min of reaction time, 2.5∶1 molar ratio of glycerol/soybean oil, and 3600 rpm for the reactions involving crude glycerol where the concentrations of MG and DG in the product were about 56 and 36 wt%, respectively. Under similar conditions, glycerolysis of pure glycerol resulted in 58% MG and 33% DG. In general, higher temperatures and mixing intensities favored the conversion of TG to MG and DG. Reaction temperature had a greater influence on the extent of the reaction than mixing. The formation of MG approached equilibrium for nearly all cases under investigation.     

Production of linolenic acid from linseed oil

Linolenic acid of more than 95% purity was produced by liquid-liquid extraction of linseed oil fatty acids with wet furfural and hexane in a Podbielniak centrifugal extractor. The minimum ratio of furfural to linseed acids to obtain this purity was 10 to 1. There was no significant change in product purity for solvent ratios between 10 and 15, operating temperatures from 90° to 110°F., and furfural moisture contents between 1.0 and 2.8%. When the solvent ratio is reduced to 8 or the furfural moisture to 0.2%, purity decreases. Oxidation of linseed acids before extraction also results in decreased separation. An estimate based on pilotplant data indicates a “cost to make” (excluding administrative and selling expenses, profit, income taxes, and interest on investment) of 18.0 cents per pound of 97% linolenic acid for a process which includes hydrolyzing linseed oil, separating the fatty acids by liquid-liquid extraction, recovering solvents by distillation, and distilling the fatty acid products. Potential uses for linolenic acid are reviewed.