碳纤维复合材料力学性能研究进展

目的 综述碳纤维复合材料这一热结构材料的力学性能研究进展，推进碳纤维复合材料的研制和应用。方法 采用文献调研法，梳理和汇总国内外有关碳纤维复合材料力学性能的研究内容，对二维复合材料、针刺复合材料及三维编织复合材料3种结构进行性能影响因素分析。结论 影响碳纤维复合材料静态和动态力学性能的因素主要有温度、应变率、密度等，提出应进一步开展碳纤维复合材料在多因素耦合及高温动态性能方面的研究。     

具有应变诊断功能的碳纤维机敏复合材料研究

分别以单向碳纤维带、正交碳纤维布、碳纤维毡为增强材料，乙烯基酯树脂（3201）、柔性树脂为基体，制备出了一类导电复合材料．研究了该类复合材料在拉伸条件下，体积电阻率-应变之间的变化规律。其中，单向碳纤维带复合材料和正交碳纤维布复合材料的体积电阻率-应变曲线存在突变，而碳纤维毡复合材料的体积电阻率-应变曲线能很好的拟合成直线。实验结果表明，碳纤维毡适合制备机敏复合材料传感部件。     

碳纤维含量对碳纤维／中铜石墨复合材料减摩耐磨性能的影响

在干磨擦条件下，对不同碳纤维含量的碳纤维／中铜石墨复合材料，进行了５０ｈ的摩擦磨损试验并借助扫描电镜观察了综们的磨面，结果表明，随碳纤维 增加，碳纤维．中铜石墨复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量均明显减少。     

碳纤维复合材料应用开发新动向

本文综述了碳纤维复合材料应用的新进展，主要包括碳纤维复合材料作为建筑材料、汽车材料及功能材料的应用进展。     

碳纤维的生产、需求和市场——碳纤维供不应求何时解决

美国波音公司的波音787和欧洲空中客车公司的A380等大型客机大量使用碳纤维复合材料，有关每架飞机具体用量，资料报到不尽相同，有资料报道，波音787飞机每架需用碳纤维复合材料约74．8吨，A380大型客机每架需用碳纤维复合材料29．5吨左右。这些大型客机对碳纤维的大量需求，造成从2005年下半年以来世界范围内碳纤维呈现供不应求的局面，     

碳纤维含量对短碳纤维-铜复合材料性能的影响

用粉末冶金法制造了碳纤维分布均匀的碳纤维一铜复合材料,测定了复合材料的力学性能和物理性能,表明在碳纤维与铜基体之间存在界面结合,碳纤维含量对复合材料性能影响极大。     

国产碳纤维与东丽碳纤维与PP复合材料性能的对比研究

分别采用国产永煤及日本东丽未处理过的碳纤维及经浓硝酸处理的碳纤维,制备了碳纤维增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。通过测量复合材料的力学性能表明加入少量未处理的国产永煤碳纤维,CF/PP复合材料的力学性能有了很大的提高,反之未处理的东丽碳纤维增强效果不明显。通过SEM分析了表面处理前后碳纤维复合材料界面的变化,结果表明对日本东丽碳纤维进行硝酸表面处理后可显著改善基体与碳纤维的界面粘结性能,进而提高CF/PP复合材料的力学性能。     

山东：碳纤维复合材料应用研究取得长足进展

据媒体报导，山东碳纤维复合材料应用研究近期取得新进展。研究人员研发出的碳纤维增强橡胶复合材料和碳纤维复合发热体目前通过山东省有关部门的技术鉴定。前一成果采用浸渍法和干胶共混法对碳纤维进行预处理，增加了碳纤维的官能度和表面粗糙度，提高了碳纤维和橡胶间的界面结合强度。该项目研制出的碳纤维增强橡胶复合材料在相同磨损实验条件下，     

碳纤维／PF尼龙复合材料性能及界面研究

制备了碳纤维／ＰＦ尼龙复合材料，采用Ｘ光电子能谱仪及化学滴定法定量分析了碳纤维表面的含氧状况，利用扫描电镜研究了碳纤维的表面形态及碳纤维／ＰＦ尼龙复合材料的界面形态，探讨了碳纤维表面形态和含氧量对复合材料力学性能和界面粘结状况的影响。结果表明，规整ＣＦ表面的羧基与ＰＦ尼龙分子中的胺基发生化学键合是复合材料具有良好力学性能及界面具有良好粘结的主要因素。     

碳纤维环氧复合材料与金属电偶腐蚀的研究进展

综述了碳纤维环氧复合材料与金属电偶腐蚀与控制方法的研究进展，着重介绍了碳纤维环氧复合材料的基本特点，碳纤维复合材料与金属电偶腐蚀行为、现代表现分析技术在复合材料电偶腐蚀研究中的应用，对防止电偶腐蚀的防护措施与理论进行了初步的探讨。     

短碳纤维-铜复合材料的研制

研究了用粉未冶金方法制造短碳纤维-铜复合材料,对这种复合材料的力学性能及物理性能进行了测试,证明该复合材料中,碳纤维与铜基体间存在着界面结合。     

Enchanced high-temperature performances of SiC/SiC composites by high densification and crystalline structure

We report the enchanced in situ performances of tensile strength and thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures of the PCS-free SiC/SiC composite with a high fiber volume fraction above 50% fabricated by NITE process for nuclear applications. The composite was fabricated by the optimized combination of the fiber coating, the matrix slurry and the pressure-sintering conditions, based on our previous composites’ study history. The composite showed the excellent tensile strength up to 1500 °C, that it retained approximately 88% of the room-temperature strength. Also, the thermal conductivity of the composites represented over 20 W/m K up to 1500 °C, which was enough high to take the advantage of the assumed design value for nuclear applications. Microstructural observation indicated that the excellent high-temperature performances regarding tensile strength and thermal conductivity up to 1500 °C were the contribution to the high densification and crystalline structure in matrix.     

碳纤维增强铜基复合材料的性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了短碳纤维增强铜基复合材料。经对不同碳纤维含量试样的硬度及导电性能的测定，并在干摩擦的条件下研究了碳纤维增强铜基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能，同时对磨损表面的微观结构进行观察来分析其磨损机理。实验结果表明，随着碳纤维含量的增加，该材料的硬度和耐磨性均有所增加，但其导电性有所下降。     

Experimental description of thermomechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced TiC matrix composites

Titanium carbide ceramic is a good potential material used in high temperature environment for its good strength, erosion resistance and thermal stability. Unfortunately, the low thermal shock resistance and low fracture toughness are the well-known impediments to its application as high temperature structure components. In order to extend the application of TiC ceramics at high temperature, 20 vol.% short carbon fiber was added into TiC matrix to improve the thermomechanical properties. With the incorporation of carbon fiber, the thermal expansion coefficient of TiC composites was decreased and the thermal conductivity was increased slightly below 900 °C. The flexural strength was improved from 471 MPa for monolithic TiC to 593 MPa for TiC composites, and the strengthening effect of carbon fiber became more prominent at high temperatures. The addition of fiber decreased the elastic modulus of TiC composite. The elastic modulus of the composite decreased with increasing temperature. The improvement of high temperature strength and thermal conductivity and the decrease of thermal expansion will benefit the application of TiC composites in high temperature environment where the temperature usually varies.     

碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料的制备及热电性能研究

将不同含量(0.5%,1.0%,1.5%(质量分数))的碳纤维掺入到硫铝酸盐水泥基体中,制备了碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料。通过SEM、阿基米德排水测试法、四探针法等手段,研究了碳纤维含量对增强水泥基复合材料断面结构、抗弯强度、孔隙率、电导率、热导率和塞贝克系数的影响,并模拟太阳辐射进行了能量收集实验。结果表明,碳纤维均匀地分布在水泥基体中形成网格结构,碳纤维与水泥基体有很强的结合力。当碳纤维含量由0.5%(质量分数)增加到1.5%(质量分数)时,水泥基复合材料的抗压强度由71.36 MPa增加到106.51 MPa,增长了49.26%;孔隙率由0.8%增加到2.0%,增长了150.0%;电导率由0.0214 S/m增加到0.2408 S/m,增长了1025%;热导率由0.261 W/(m·K)减小到0.210 W/(m·K),减少了19.54%;塞贝克系数迅速增大,最大为1.22×10^4μV/K。当碳纤维含量为1.5%(质量分数)时,厚度为20 mm的水泥基复合材料每1 m^2可输出5~6μW的功率;在400 min辐照下,试样表面温度迅速达到70℃左右,1 m^2水泥基复合材料面板上收集到的能量高达8.1×10^-6 J。由此可知,碳纤维含量的增加,极大地提高了碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料的热电性能。     

Ultra‐thin carbon/silicon carbide composite bipolar plate for advanced fuel cells

The first cut results on the development of ultra‐thin, low gas permeable, easily machineable, high electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength bipolar plate made up of carbon reinforced ceramic matrix are reported for the strategic application. Short carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite is fabricated by chopping continuous carbon fibers into discrete length, exfoliating and dispersing the exfoliated carbon fibers in silicon carbide powder and finally hot‐pressing to make the composite. Three compacts containing exfoliated carbon fiber contents of 20, 30, 50 vol. % in silicon carbide matrix are prepared and characterized for electrical, thermal, gas permeability, density, and mechanical properties. The composite plates with exfoliated carbon fiber vol. % of 50, offer excellent electrical conductivity, flexural and compressive strengths and gas permeability of 2.2 × 10^‐7 cm^‐3 cm^‐2 s^‐1. Carbon/silicon carbide plate shows 37.5 % and 4.7 % lower volume and weight, respectively on comparing with the best reported data of carbon/polymer composite plate. Competency of the material for bipolar plate fabrication is tested and found that the ceramic carbon composite may open up the new horizon for the fabrication of ultra‐thin bipolar plates for strategic applications.     

Mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of aluminum nitride/polyetherimide composites

The mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of modified AlN/polyetherimide (PEI) composites were investigated. It revealed that the surface of AlN modified by silane could effectively increase the adhesion with matrix, which was beneficial for AlN to reinforce the polyetherimide matrix. After silane modification, the AlN showed good dispersion and wetibility in the polyetherimide matrix and imparted excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. The tensile strength, modulus, electrical and thermal stability were improved with the increasing of AlN content. The tensile strength of AlN/PEI composites increased by 27% when 12.6 vol.% AlN was added to neat polyetherimide. The thermal conductivity of the 57.4 vol.% AlN/PEI composites increased three times compared with neat polyetherimide. Test results indicate that the silane grafted AlN incorporated into the polyetehetimide matrix effectively enhance the thermal stability, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the polyetherimide composites.     

膨胀石墨-碳纤维/尼龙三元导热复合材料制备

以尼龙6（PA6）为基体,膨胀石墨（EG）和碳纤维（CF）作为导热填料,采用熔融共混法制备了EG/PA6、CF/PA6和CF-EG/PA6导热复合材料。重点研究当固定导热填料（CF和EG）填充量为40wt%时,CF与EG不同的填充比例对CF与EG的接触方式及CF-EG/PA6复合材料的导热性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,相比单一CF填充,EG的加入有利于CF-EG/PA6复合材料热导率的增加;CF:EG质量比是25:15时的EG-CF/PA6三元复合材料,热导率可以达到2.554 W/（m·K）,是PA6的8倍,拉伸强度提高了125.34%,弯曲强度提高了119.8%,同时具有优异的耐热性。SEM结果表明,纤维状CF与蠕虫状EG片层在适当的填充比例下可以形成"面接触"的三维网络结构,这种三维网络结构不仅显著增大EG-CF/PA6复合材料的热导率,而且明显提高了其力学性能和耐热性能。为研制填充型导热高分子材料提供了一条新思路。      

Experimental Study on Tensile Behavior of Carbon Fiber and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum at Different Strain Rate

In this study, dynamic and quasi-static tensile behaviors of carbon fiber and unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composite have been investigated. The complete stress–strain curves of fiber bundles and the composite at different strain rates were obtained. The experimental results show that carbon fiber is a strain rate insensitive material, but the tensile strength and critical strain of the C_f/Al composite increased with increasing of strain rate because of the strain rate strengthening effect of aluminum matrix. Based on experimental results, a fiber bundles model has been combined with Weibull strength distribution function to establish a one-dimensional damage constitutive equation for the C_f/Al composite.